Stepan Anikievich Degtyarev |

UStepan Degtyarev

… UMnu. Dekhtyarev wafakazela nge-oratorio yakhe ukuthi angakwazi ukufaka igama lakhe kanye nabaqambi abaphambili eYurophu. G. Derzhavin (kusukela ekubuyekezweni)

Uthisha wamakhonsathi, uStepan Degtyarev, ngokubanikeza amakhonsathi kubantu abangabazi, udonsa ama-ruble angu-5 emholweni futhi awunike umculi uChapov ukuze awumemezele. N. Sheremetev (kusuka kuma-oda)

Umuntu owayephila ngesikhathi sika-D. Bortnyansky, oneminyaka efanayo no-N. Karamzin, S. Degtyarev (noma, njengoba yena ngokwakhe esayine, u-Dekhtyarev) wathatha indawo evelele emlandweni womculo waseRussia. Umbhali wamakhonsathi amaningi ekwaya, aphansi, ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, kuphela emisebenzini kaBortnyansky, umdali we-oratorio yokuqala yesiRashiya, umhumushi kanye nomhlaziyi wokuqala emsebenzini waseRussia womhlaba wonke womculo ngobubanzi bawo (incwadi ka-V. Manfredini ) - lezi yizimfanelo eziyinhloko ze-Degtyarev.

Empilweni yakhe emfishane, kwangqubuzana ukweqisa - ukuhlonishwa nokululazwa, ukukhonza iminyuziyamu nokukhonza umnikazi: wayeyi-serf. Esengumfana, wakhishwa ngesikhathi kuqashwa abaculi abavela edolobhaneni laseBorisovka, kude nezinhloko-dolobha zombili, i-Sheremetevs, wanikezwa imfundo ehlakaniphile ye-serf, enikeza ithuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokuya khona. izinkulumo eNyuvesi yaseMoscow nokufunda umculo nosaziwayo waseYurophu - J. Sarti, okwathi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, wathatha uhambo olufushane oluya e-Italy ukuze athuthukise imfundo.

U-Degtyarev wayeziqhenya ngenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini edumile kanye nesonto le-Sheremetev ngesikhathi sabo sokuqhakaza, babamba iqhaza emakhonsathini nasekudlaleni njengomculi wekwaya, umqhubi kanye nomlingisi, odlalwa izindima eziholayo noParasha Zhemchugova odumile (Kovaleva), wafundisa ukucula, wakha izingoma zakhe. okwendlu yokukhonzela. Ngemva kokuthola ukuphakama okunjalo kwenkazimulo ukuthi akekho noyedwa wabaculi be-serf owafinyelela, nokho, wabhekana nomthwalo we-serfdom impilo yakhe yonke, njengoba kuboniswa yi-oda lika-Count Sheremetev. Inkululeko ethenjisiwe futhi elindelwe iminyaka yanikezwa yiSenate (kusukela ngemva kokufa kokubala imibhalo edingekayo ayitholakalanga) kuphela ngo-1815 - eminyakeni emi-2 ngemva kokufa kukaDegtyarev ngokwakhe.

Njengamanje, aziwa amagama ezingoma zomqambi ezingaphezu kwe-100, okuye kwatholakala cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zemisebenzi yawo (ikakhulukazi isesimweni semibhalo yesandla). Ngokuphambene nezimo zokuphila kukaDegtyarev, kodwa ngokuvumelana ne-aesthetics ekhona, ithoni enkulu yeculo ibusa kubo, nakuba, mhlawumbe, izikhathi zezingoma zokulila zihlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile. Isitayela sokuqamba sika-Degtyarev sidonsela kusitayela sakudala. Ubulula obubabazekayo, ukucabangela kanye nokulinganisela kwezinhlobo zemisebenzi yakhe kuvusa ubudlelwano nama-ensembles ezakhiwo angaleso sikhathi. Kodwa ngakho konke ukuzithiba okukuzo, ukuzwela okuthinta inhliziyo, okugqugquzelwa ukuzwela, nakho kuyabonakala.

Umsebenzi odume kakhulu womqambi - i-oratorio "Minin kanye ne-Pozharsky, noma i-Liberation of Moscow" (1811) - yathatha umoya wokuvukela okukhulu komphakathi, ubumbano lwabantu bonke futhi ngezindlela eziningi ihambisana nesikhumbuzo esidumile sika-K. I-Minin no-D. Pozharsky I. Martos, eyadalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo endaweni yaseKrasnaya. Manje kukhona ukuvuselelwa kwesithakazelo emsebenzini kaDegtyarev, futhi abaningi, ngicabanga ukuthi, abakayitholi le nkosi.

O. Zakharova