Anton Rubinstein |

Anton Rubinstein

Bengilokhu nginentshisekelo yokucwaninga ukuthi futhi ngezinga elingakanani umculo awugcini nje ukudlulisa ubuntu kanye nesimo esingokomoya salokhu noma lowo mqambi, kodwa futhi ube yi-echo noma i-echo yesikhathi, izenzakalo zomlando, isimo sesiko lenhlalo, njll. Futhi ngafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kungaba i-echo enjalo. ngemininingwane emincane… A. Rubinstein

U-A. Rubinstein ungomunye wabantu abavelele empilweni yomculo waseRussia engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Wahlanganisa umdlali wopiyano okhaliphile, umhleli omkhulu kunabo bonke empilweni yomculo kanye nomqambi osebenza ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene futhi wadala inani lemisebenzi emihle kakhulu egcina ukubaluleka kwayo nenani kuze kube yilolu suku. Imithombo eminingi namaqiniso afakazela indawo ukuthi umsebenzi nokubukeka kukaRubinstein kwakunamasiko aseRussia. Izithombe zakhe zapendwe nguB. Perov, I. Repin, I. Kramskoy, M. Vrubel. Izinkondlo eziningi zinikezelwe kuye - ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye umculi wangaleso sikhathi. Kushiwo ezincwadini zika-A. Herzen no-N. Ogarev. L. Tolstoy kanye nami. Turgenev bakhuluma ngaye ngokuthakasela...

Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda nokwazisa uRubinstein umqambi ngokuzihlukanisa nezinye izici zomsebenzi wakhe futhi, ngezinga elincane, kusukela kuzici ze-biography yakhe. Waqala njengezingane eziningi ezinhle zaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, enza ukuvakasha kwekhonsathi emadolobheni amakhulu aseYurophu ngo-1840-43 nothisha wakhe u-A. Villuan. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha wathola ukuzimela okuphelele: ngenxa yokubhujiswa nokufa kukayise, umfowabo omncane u-Nikolai nonina bahamba eBerlin, lapho abafana bafunda khona inkolelo-mbono noZ. Den, futhi babuyela eMoscow. U-Anton wathuthela eVienna futhi ukweleta wonke umsebenzi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo kuyena kuphela. Ukukhuthala, ukuzimela kanye nokuqina komlingiswa okwathuthukiswa ebuntwaneni nasebusheni, ukuziqhenya kwezobuciko, intando yeningi yomculi okhokhelwayo ubuciko obuwukuphela komthombo wezinto ezibonakalayo - zonke lezi zici zahlala ziyisici somculi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni izinsuku zakhe.

URubinstein wayengumculi wokuqala waseRussia ogama lakhe lalidumile emhlabeni wonke: eminyakeni ehlukene wanikeza amakhonsathi ngokuphindaphindiwe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu nase-USA. Futhi cishe njalo wayehlanganisa izingcezu zakhe upiyano ezinhlelweni noma enze izingoma zakhe ze-orchestra. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, umculo kaRubinstein wawuzwakala kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu. Ngakho, uF. Liszt wenza ngo-1854 e-Weimar i-opera yakhe i-Siberian Hunters, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva endaweni efanayo - i-oratorio Lost Paradise. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwethalenta eliningi likaRubinstein namandla amakhulu ngempela atholakala eRussia. Wangena emlandweni wesiko laseRussia njengomsunguli futhi omunye wabasunguli be-Russian Musical Society, inhlangano ehamba phambili yekhonsathi eyafaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni impilo yekhonsathi evamile kanye nemfundo yomculo emadolobheni aseRussia. Ngomzamo wakhe siqu, i-Conservatory yokuqala yaseSt. Petersburg ezweni yadalwa - waba umqondisi wayo kanye noprofesa. P. Tchaikovsky wayesemcimbini wokuqala wokuthweswa iziqu wabafundi bakhe. Zonke izinhlobo, wonke amagatsha omsebenzi wokudala kaRubinstein ahlanganiswe umqondo wokukhanyiselwa. Nokuqamba futhi.

Ifa lokudala likaRubinstein likhulu kakhulu. Cishe ungumqambi oqanjwe kakhulu kuyo yonke ingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-13. Wabhala ama-opera angu-4 kanye nama-operas angcwele ayi-6, ama-symphonies angu-10 kanye ne-ca. 20 eminye imisebenzi ye-orchestra, ca. 200 chamber ensembles yezinsimbi. Inani lezicucu zepiyano lidlula i-180; emibhalweni yesiRashiya, isiJalimane, isiSerbia nezinye izimbongi zakha cishe. Izingoma ezingu-XNUMX zothando nezwi… Iningi lalezi zingoma zigcina intshisekelo yomlando. "Ukubhala okuningi", isivinini senqubo yokuqamba, kulimaze kakhulu ikhwalithi nokuqedwa kwemisebenzi. Ngokuvamile kwakukhona ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kokwethulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwemicabango yomculo kanye nezinhlelo eziqinile zokuthuthuka kwayo.

Kodwa phakathi kwamakhulu ama-opus akhohlwe ngokufanelekile, ifa lika-Anton Rubinstein liqukethe izinto ezimangalisayo ezibonisa ubuntu bakhe obucebile, obunamandla, izindlebe ezizwelayo, isipho somculo esiphanayo, nekhono lomqambi. Umqambi waphumelela ngokukhethekile ezithombeni zomculo zaseMpumalanga, okwakuqala ngoM. Glinka, kwakuyisiko lempande yomculo waseRussia. Impumelelo yobuciko kule ndawo yaqashelwa ngisho nabagxeki ababenombono ongemuhle ngomsebenzi kaRubinstein - futhi babebaningi ababenethonya elikhulu, njengoC. Cui.

Phakathi kwezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalwa kukaRubinstein zaseMpumalanga kukhona i-opera ethi IDemoni Nezingoma ZasePheresiya (kanye nezwi elingenakulibaleka le-Chaliapin, elinezithiyo, intshiseko ethule, ehunyushwa ngokuthi “Oh, ukube bekunjalo kuze kube phakade…”) Kwasungulwa uhlobo lwe-lyric opera yesiRashiya. ku-The Demon, eyaba ngokushesha ku-Eugene Onegin. Izincwadi zesiRashiya noma isithombe saleyo minyaka zibonisa ukuthi isifiso sokubonisa umhlaba ongokomoya, i-psychology yesimanje kwakuyisici salo lonke isiko lobuciko. Umculo kaRubinstein udlulise lokhu ngesakhiwo sezwi le-opera. Engaphumuli, enganelisekile, elwela injabulo futhi engakwazi ukuyifinyelela, umlaleli wangaleyo minyaka wazihlonza ngokwakhe uDemon Rubinstein, futhi ukubonakala okunjalo kwenzeka enkundleni yemidlalo yaseRussia, kubonakala sengathi, ngokokuqala ngqa. Futhi, njengoba kwenzeka emlandweni wezobuciko, ngokubonisa kanye nokuveza isikhathi sayo, i-opera ehamba phambili ka-Rubinstein ngaleyo ndlela isigcinele intshisekelo ethokozisayo. Ezothando ziyaphila futhi zizwakala (“Ebusuku” – “Izwi lami limnene futhi limnene kuwe” – lezi zinkondlo zika-A. Pushkin zacushwa umqambi ecushweni lakhe lokuqala lepiyano – “Romance” ku-F major), kanye no-Epithalama ovela ku-opera I-“Nero”, ne-Fourth Concerto yePiano ne-Okhestra…

L. Korabelnikova