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UNino Rota

UNino Rota: naye wabhala ama-opera

NgoLwesihlanu 10 Ephreli kumenyezelwa usuku lokulila e-Italy. Isizwe salila sangcwaba izisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba okwadala umonakalo omkhulu. Kodwa ngisho nangaphandle kwenhlekelele yemvelo, lolu suku emlandweni wezwe alunalo usizi - eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule umqambi u-Nino Rota washona. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke ngomculo wakhe wamafilimu kaFellini, Visconti, Zeffirelli, Coppola, Bondarchuk ("Waterloo"). Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngabe udumile ukube ubebhalele ifilimu eyodwa kuphela kwenqwaba - I-Godfather. Bambalwa kuphela abangaphandle kwe-Italy abazi ukuthi u-Nino Rota ungumbhali wama-opera ayishumi, ama-ballet amathathu, ama-symphonies kanye nemisebenzi yekamelo. Bambalwa nakakhulu abantu abalwazi lolu hlangothi lomsebenzi wakhe, yena ngokwakhe ayelubheka njengolubaluleke kakhulu kunomculo wefilimu.

UNino Rota wazalwa ngo-1911 eMilan emndenini onamasiko ajulile omculo. Omunye wokhokho bakhe, u-Giovanni Rinaldi, wayengumdlali wopiyano nomqambi. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, u-Nino wabhala i-oratorio yama-soloists, i-orchestra kanye ne-choir "Ubuntwana bukaSt. John the Baptist". I-oratorio yenziwa eMilan. Ngo-1923 ofanayo, uNino wangena eMilan Conservatory, lapho afunda khona nabafundisi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi, uCasella noPizzetti. Wabhala i-opera yakhe yokuqala ethi Principe Porcaro (Inkosi Yezingulube) esekelwe enganekwaneni ka-Andersen eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala. Ayikaze ihlelwe futhi isisekhona kuze kube yilolu suku emculweni weshidi wepiyano nezwi.

Ingoma yokuqala kaRota njengomqambi we-opera yenzeka eminyakeni engu-16 kamuva nge-opera i-Ariodante ngezenzo ezintathu, umlobi ngokwakhe azichaza ngokuthi “ukucwiliswa emculweni wekhulu le-19.” I-premiere yahlelwa eBergamo (Teatro delle Novit), kodwa ngenxa yempi (kwakungu-1942) yathuthela eParma - le "indawo yokuhlala yama-melodramas", ngokusho kwesazi-mlando sombhalo nomculo uFedele D'Amico. Izilaleli zabingelela ngentshiseko i-opera, lapho bobabili umqambi kanye nomculi wezingxenye eziyinhloko benza i-debut yabo - uMario del Monaco othile. Isikhathi ngasinye ekupheleni kokusebenza, bahlaselwa isixuku sabantu esasifuna ukuthola ama-autographs.

Impumelelo ye-Ariodante phakathi kwezilaleli ezifunayo ze-Parma yaphefumulela umqambi ukuthi akhe i-opera Torquemada ngo-1942 enza ku-4. Nokho, izimo zempi zavimbela i-premiere. Kwenzeka eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nane kamuva, kodwa akuzange kulethe ama-laurels amakhulu kumqambi osevele ovelele nodumile. Ngonyaka wokugcina wempi, u-Nino Rota wasebenza komunye umsebenzi omkhulu wokusebenza, okwathi, futhi, waphoqeleka ukuba afake ekhabetheni futhi akhohlwe ngakho isikhathi eside. Okuningi kulesi siqeshana esingezansi. Ngakho, i-opera yesibili eyenziwa kwakuwumdlalo wamahlaya owodwa othi "I dui timidi" ("Abanamahloni Ababili"), owaqanjwa emsakazweni futhi waqala ukuzwakala emsakazweni. Waklonyeliswa ngomklomelo okhethekile u-Premia Italia - 1950, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wangena esiteji seScala Theatre di Londra ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaJohn Pritchard.

Impumelelo yangempela yafika kumqambi ngo-1955 nge-opera ethi "Il capello di paglia di Firenze" esekelwe esakhiweni esidumile esithi "The Straw Hat" ngu-E. Labichet. Yabhalwa ekupheleni kwempi futhi yahlala etafuleni iminyaka eminingi. I-opera imake inani eliphakeme lokuduma komqambi njengomdali wezingoma zakudala ze-opera. U-Rota ngokwakhe wayengeke akhumbule lo msebenzi ukube kwakungeyena umngane wakhe uMaestro Cuccia, umbhali wadlala i-opera ophiyano ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi ngo-1945, futhi owakhumbula eminyakeni eyi-10 kamuva, ethatha isikhundla. Inhloko yemidlalo yaseshashalazini uMassimo di Palermo. UCuccia uphoqe umbhali we-opera ukuthi athole amaphuzu, asuse uthuli futhi alungiselele isiteji. URota ngokwakhe uvumile ukuthi ubengakulindele ukunqoba i-opera eyadlula ngayo ezigabeni eziningi zeshashalazi ezihamba phambili e-Italy. Ngisho nanamuhla, "Il capello" isekhona, mhlawumbe, i-opera yakhe edume kakhulu.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, uRota wabhala amanye ama-opera amabili omsakazo. Mayelana nenye yazo - isenzo esisodwa esithi "La notte di un nevrastenico" ("Ubusuku Be-Neurotic") - uRota ukhulume engxoxweni nentatheli: "Ngibize i-opera idrama ye-buffo. Ngokuvamile, lena i-melodrama yendabuko. Ngenkathi ngisebenza emsebenzini, ngaqhubeka eqinisweni lokuthi ku-melodrama yomculo, umculo kufanele unqobe igama. Akukhona mayelana nobuhle. Bengifuna nje ukuthi abadlali bazizwe bekhululekile esiteji, bakwazi ukukhombisa amakhono abo okucula ngaphandle kobunzima.” Enye i-opera yokudlala emsakazweni, inganekwane yomlingisi oyedwa "Lo scoiattolo in gamba" esekelwe ku-freetto ka-Eduardo de Filippo, ayizange inakwe futhi ayizange ihlelwe ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Aladino e la lampada magica, esekelwe enganekwaneni eyaziwayo evela ku-Thousand and One Nights, ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. I-Rota yasebenza kuyo maphakathi nawo-60s ilindele ukuzalwa kwesiteji. I-premiere yenzeka ngo-1968 eSan Carlo di Napoli, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva yadlalwa e-Rome Opera kaRenato Castellani enendawo kaRenato Guttuso.

U-Nino Rota udale ama-opera akhe amabili okugcina, "La visita meravigliosa" ("Ukuvakasha okumangalisayo") kanye ne "Napoli Milionaria", lapho esekhulile. Umsebenzi wokugcina, obhalwe ngokusekelwe emdlalweni ka-E. de Filippo, wabangela izimpendulo ezingqubuzanayo. Abanye abagxeki baphendule ngokubhuqa: “idrama eyiqiniso enomculo ovusa imizwa”, “imiphumela engabazekayo”, kodwa iningi lathembela embonweni womgxeki onegunya, umbhali, imbongi kanye nomhumushi uGiorgio Vigolo: “lokhu kuwukunqoba iqembu lethu le-opera elinakho. bengilinde iminyaka eminingi kumqambi wesimanje “.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wokusebenza womqambi wase-Italy useyinto yokuxoxisana nokuphikisana. Ngaphandle kokungabaza iqhaza elivelele lika-Nino emculweni wefilimu, abaningi babheka ifa lakhe lokudlala "njengelibalulekile kancane", bayamthuka "ngokungajulile ngokwanele", "ukuntuleka komoya wezikhathi", "ukulingisa" ngisho "nokukhohlisa" kwezingcezu zomculo ngamunye. . Ukucwaninga ngokucophelela amaphuzu e-opera ochwepheshe kubonisa ukuthi u-Nino Rota wayethonywe ngempela isitayela, ifomu, kanye nemisho yomculo yabanduleli bakhe abakhulu, ngokuyinhloko uRossini, uDonizetti, uPuccini, u-Offenbach, kanye nabaphila ngesikhathi sakhe futhi, ngokusho kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. imithombo, umngane Igor Stravinsky. Kodwa lokhu akusivimbeli nakancane ekubhekeni umsebenzi wakhe wokudlala njengowokuqala, othatha indawo yawo emhlabeni wefa lomculo.

Akunangqondo impela, ngokubona kwami, izihlamba "zenhlamba", "ukukhanya kwe-opera". Ngempumelelo efanayo, ungakwazi “ukugxeka” eziningi zemisebenzi kaRossini, uthi, “isiNtaliyane e-Algiers” ... Rota akazange afihle ukuthi, ukwenza uRossini, uPuccini, abangasekho uVerdi, uGounod kanye noR. Strauss, ubethanda ama-operetta akudala , abaculi baseMelika, babejabulela amahlaya ase-Italy. Yebo, izinto azithandayo kanye nezinto azithandayo, kwabonakala ezinhlotsheni “ezingathi sína” zomsebenzi wakhe. U-Nino Rota wayevame ukuphinda ukuthi kuye alikho inani, umehluko "wezinga eliphezulu" phakathi komculo we-cinema nomculo wesiteji se-opera, amahholo ekhonsathi: "Ngibheka imizamo yokwenziwa yokuhlukanisa umculo" ukukhanya "," ukukhanya okuncane "," bucayi … Umqondo “wokukhanya” ukhona kumlaleli womculo kuphela, hhayi kumqambi wawo… Njengomqambi, umsebenzi wami ebhayisikobho awungilulazi nhlobo. Umculo wesinema noma kwezinye izinhlobo uyinto eyodwa kimina.”

Ama-opera akhe awavamile, kodwa asavela ngezikhathi ezithile ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini e-Italy. Angikwazanga ukuthola iminonjana yemikhiqizo yabo esiteji saseRussia. Kodwa iqiniso elilodwa kuphela lokuthandwa komqambi ezweni lakithi likhuluma kakhulu: ngoMeyi 1991, ikhonsathi enkulu enikezelwe iminyaka engu-80 yokuzalwa kukaNino Rota yayibanjwe eHholo Lekholomu leNdlu Yezinyunyana, ngokubamba iqhaza kwe ama-orchestra e-Bolshoi Theatre kanye ne-State Radio and Television. Abafundi bezizukulwane ezimaphakathi nezindala bayakhumbula ukuthi izwe lalibhekene nenkinga enkulu yezomnotho nezombusazwe ngaleso sikhathi - kwasala izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuwa kwayo. Futhi, nokho, umbuso uthole izindlela namathuba okugubha lolu suku.

Akunakushiwo ukuthi umqambi wase-Italy ukhohliwe eRussia entsha. Ngo-2006, i-premiere yomdlalo othi "Notes by Nino Rota" yaqhutshelwa eMoscow Theatre of the Moon. Itulo lisekelwe ezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zomuntu osekhulile. Izigcawu zempilo yangaphambilini yeqhawe ziyashintshana neziqephu nezithombe ezigqugquzelwe amafilimu ka-Fellini. Kwesinye sezibuyekezo zaseshashalazini zango-April 2006 siyafunda: “Umculo wakhe, ohlukaniseke ngengoma eyivelakancane, izingoma zomculo, ukunotha kwezinto ezisunguliwe kanye nokungena okucashile enhlosweni yomqondisi wefilimu, uzwakala emdlalweni omusha osekelwe kumdanso ne-pantomime.” Singathemba kuphela ukuthi ngekhulu leminyaka lomqambi (2011), abaphathi bethu be-opera bazokhumbula ukuthi u-Nino Rota akasebenzeli i-cinema kuphela, futhi, uNkulunkulu akenzi, bazosibonisa okungenani okuthile okuvela efeni lakhe le-operatic.

Izinto zokwakha zamawebhusayithi e-tesionline.it, abbazialascala.it, federazionecemat.it, teatro.org, listserv.bccls.org kanye ne-Runet zisetshenziswe kulesi sihloko.