Orlando di Lasso |

Orlando di Lasso

I-Lasso. "Salve Regina" (Izazi zaseTallis)

U-O. Lasso, owayephila ngesikhathi sase-Palestrina, ungomunye wabaqambi abadumile nabasebenza kakhulu bekhulu lesi-2. Umsebenzi wakhe wawuthakaselwa emhlabeni wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. U-Lasso wazalelwa esifundazweni saseFranco-Flemish. Akukho okuqinisekile okwaziwayo ngabazali bakhe nangesikhathi esakhula. Inganekwane kuphela esindile yokuthi uLasso, ngaleso sikhathi owayecula ekwayeni yabafana besonto likaSt. Nicholas, wathunjwa kathathu ngenxa yezwi lakhe elimangalisayo. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nambili, uLasso wamukelwa enkonzweni yeViceroy yaseSicily, uFerdinando Gonzaga, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi impilo yomculi osemusha igcwele uhambo oluya ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zaseYurophu. Ehambisana nomlandeli wakhe, uLasso wenza uhambo olulodwa ngemva kolunye: eParis, eMantua, eSicily, ePalermo, eMilan, eNaples futhi, ekugcineni, eRoma, lapho eba inhloko yesonto le-Cathedral of St. John (kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iPalestrina izoba thatha lokhu okuthunyelwe eminyakeni eyi-XNUMX kamuva). Ukuze athathe lesi sikhundla esinomthwalo wemfanelo, umculi kwakudingeka abe negunya elinomona. Nokho, ngokushesha uLasso kwadingeka ashiye iRoma. Wanquma ukubuyela kwelakubo ukuze avakashele izihlobo zakhe, kodwa lapho efika khona akabaficanga besaphila. Eminyakeni eyalandela, uLasso wavakashela eFrance. England (prev.) kanye ne-Antwerp. Ukuvakashela e-Antwerp kwaphawulwa ngokushicilelwa kweqoqo lokuqala lemisebenzi kaLasso: lezi kwakuyizingxenye ezinhlanu kanye nezingxenye eziyisithupha.

Ngo-1556, kwaba noshintsho ekuphileni kukaLasso: wathola isimemo sokujoyina inkantolo kaDuke Albrecht V waseBavaria. Ekuqaleni, uLasso wangeniswa endlini yesonto likaDuke njenge-tenor, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waba umholi wangempela wesonto. Kusukela lapho, uLasso ubelokhu ehlala unomphela eMunich, lapho kwakuhlala khona umbusi. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngomculo kuzo zonke izikhathi ezibalulekile zokuphila kwenkantolo, kusukela enkonzweni yesonto yasekuseni (uLasso abhala ngayo izixuku ze-polyphonic) ekuvakasheni okuhlukahlukene, imikhosi, ukuzingela, njll. Ukuba yinhloko yesonto, uLasso wanikela isikhathi esiningi sokufundisa amakhwaya nomtapo wolwazi womculo. Phakathi nale minyaka, ukuphila kwakhe kwathatha umlingiswa ozolile futhi ovikelekile. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nangalesi sikhathi wenza uhambo oluthile (ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1560, ngomyalo wombusi, waya eFlanders ukuze abuthele amakwaya esonto).

Udumo lukaLasso lwakhula kokubili ekhaya nangaphezulu. Waqala ukuqoqa nokuhlela izingoma zakhe (umsebenzi wabaculi basenkantolo benkathi yaseLasso wawuxhomeke empilweni yenkantolo futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezidingo zokubhala "uma kwenzeka"). Phakathi nale minyaka, imisebenzi kaLasso yanyatheliswa eVenice, eParis, eMunich naseFrankfurt. I-Lasso yahlonishwa ngezingoma ezishisekayo "umholi wabaculi, i-Orlando yaphezulu." Umsebenzi wakhe wokuzikhandla waqhubeka kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe.

I-Creativity Lasso inkulu kakhulu ngenani lemisebenzi kanye nokufakwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Umqambi wahamba lonke elaseYurophu futhi wajwayelana namasiko omculo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Kwenzeka ukuthi wahlangana nabaculi abaningi abavelele, abaculi, izimbongi ze-Renaissance. Kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi uLasso wathatha kalula futhi waphikisana nezici zomculo nohlobo lomculo ovela emazweni ahlukene emsebenzini wakhe. Wayengumqambi wamazwe ngamazwe ngempela, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthandwa kwakhe okungavamile, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi wayezizwa ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezilimi ezihlukahlukene zaseYurophu (uLasso wabhala izingoma ngesiNtaliyane, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi).

Umsebenzi weLasso uhlanganisa zombili izinhlobo zehlelo (cishe izixuku ezingaba ngu-600, izinkanuko, ama-magnificats) kanye nezinhlobo zomculo wezwe (amadrigals, izingoma). Indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini wakhe ihlala i-motet: U-Lasso wabhala cishe. Ama-motets angu-1200, ahluke kakhulu ngokuqukethwe.

Naphezu kokufana kwezinhlobo, umculo weLasso uhluke kakhulu emculweni wasePalestrina. I-Lasso inentando yeningi futhi iyonga kakhulu ekukhetheni izindlela: ngokungafani nomculo ojwayelekile wePalestrina, izingqikithi zeLasso zimfushane kakhulu, ziyisici futhi zizimele. Ubuciko be-Lasso bubonakala nge-portraiture, ngezinye izikhathi emoyeni wabaculi be-Renaissance, ukungafani okuhlukile, ukukhonkolo nokukhanya kwezithombe. I-Lasso, ikakhulukazi ezingomeni, ngezinye izikhathi iboleka ngokuqondile iziza empilweni ezungezile, futhi kanye neziqephu, izigqi zokudansa zangaleso sikhathi, amazwi akhe. Kwakuyilezi zimfanelo zomculo kaLasso ezamenza waba isithombe esiphilayo senkathi yakhe.

A. Pilgun