Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Umsebenzi ka-A. Balanchivadze, umqambi ovelele waseGeorgia, uye waba ikhasi eliqhakazile ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo kazwelonke. Ngegama lakhe, okuningi ngomculo okhokhelwayo waseGeorgia kwavela okokuqala. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-ballet, ikhonsathi yepiyano, “emsebenzini wakhe, ukucabanga kwe-symphonic yaseGeorgia ngokokuqala ngqá kwavela ngendlela ekahle, enobulula be-classic” (O. Taktakishvili). U-A. Balanchivadze wakhuphula wonke umthala wabaqambi be-republic, phakathi kwabafundi bakhe uR. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili nabanye.

UBalanchivadze wazalelwa eSt. “Ubaba, uMeliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, wayengumculi okhokhelwayo… ngaqala ukuqamba ngineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Nokho, ngempela, wathatha umculo sina ngo-1918, ngemva kokuthuthela eGeorgia. Ngo-1918, Balanchivadze wangena Kutaisi Musical College, eyasungulwa nguyise. Ngo-1921-26. izifundo e-Tiflis Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba no-N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, uzama isandla sakhe ekubhaleni izingcezu zezinsimbi ezincane. Ngayo leyo minyaka, uBalanchivadze wasebenza njengomklami womculo weProletcult Theatre yaseGeorgia, iSatire Theatre, iTbilisi Workers' Theatre, njll.

Ngo-1927, njengengxenye yeqembu labaculi, uBalanchivadze wathunyelwa yiPeople's Commissariat of Education yaseGeorgia ukuba ayofunda eLeningrad Conservatory, lapho afunda khona kwaze kwaba ngu-1931. Lapha u-A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina baba othisha bakhe. . Ngemva kokuphothula e-Leningrad Conservatory, uBalanchivadze wabuyela eTbilisi, lapho athola khona isimemo esivela kuKote Marjanishvili sokuyosebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi ayiqondisa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uBalanchivadze wabhala umculo wefilimu yokuqala yomsindo waseGeorgia.

U-Balanchivadze wangena kwezobuciko baseSoviet ekuqaleni kwawo-20s no-30s. kanye nomthala wonke wabaqambi baseGeorgia, phakathi kwabo okwakukhona uGr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Kwakuyisizukulwane esisha sabaqambi kazwelonke abathatha futhi baqhubeka ngendlela yabo impumelelo yabaqambi abadala kakhulu - abasunguli bomculo wezobuchwepheshe kazwelonke: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. Ngokungafani nabanduleli babo, ababesebenza ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-opera, i-choral ne-chamber-vocal music, isizukulwane esisha sabaqambi baseGeorgia baphendukela ikakhulukazi kumculo wezinsimbi, nomculo waseGeorgia wathuthukiswa kule ndlela emashumini amabili kuya kwamathathu alandelayo.

Ngo-1936, u-Balanchivadze wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obalulekile - i-First Piano Concerto, eyaba isibonelo sokuqala salolu hlobo kwezobuciko bomculo kazwelonke. Ingqikithi egqamile yekhonsathi ixhumene nenganekwane kazwelonke: ihlanganisa ukuculwa kwezingoma ezishisa izikhotha, imiculo yokudansa emnandi, namaculo anezingoma. Kulesi sakhiwo, izici eziningi eziwuphawu lwesitayela sikaBalanchivadze esikhathini esizayo sezivele zizwakala: indlela eguquguqukayo yentuthuko, ukuxhumana okuseduze kwezindikimba zamaqhawe nezingoma zomculo eziqondene nohlobo oluthile, ubuhle bengxenye yepiyano, okusikhumbuza upiyano. F. Liszt. Izindlela zobuqhawe ezitholakala kulo msebenzi, umqambi uzohlanganisa ngendlela entsha ku-Second Piano Concerto (1946).

Isenzakalo esibalulekile empilweni yomculo we-republic kwakuyi-ballet ye-lyric-heroic "Inhliziyo Yezintaba" (uhlelo lokuqala ngo-1, uhlelo lwesi-1936 2). Lesi sakhiwo sisekelwe othandweni lomzingeli omncane u-Dzhardzhi wendodakazi yeNkosana uManizhe kanye nezenzakalo zomzabalazo wabalimi wokulwa nokucindezelwa kwamakhosi ekhulwini le-1938. Izigcawu zothando ezinohlamvu lwezingoma, ezigcwele ukukhanga okungavamile nezinkondlo, zihlanganiswa lapha neziqephu zendabuko, zohlobo lwasekhaya. Isici somdanso wesintu, esihlanganiswe ne-choreography yakudala, saba yisisekelo sedramaturgy nolimi lomculo we-ballet. U-Balanchivadze usebenzisa i-perkhuli yomdanso oyindilinga, i-sachidao enomfutho (umdanso owenziwa ngesikhathi somzabalazo wezwe), i- mtiuluri eyisilwi, i-tseruli ejabule, i-heroic horumi, njll. UShostakovich wayazise kakhulu i-ballet: “... akukho okuncane kulo mculo, yonke into ijule kakhulu ... ehloniphekile futhi ehloniphekile, inqwaba yezindlela ezibucayi ezivela ezinkondlweni ezinzima. Umsebenzi wokugcina womqambi wangaphambi kwempi kwaba i-opera enamazwi amahlaya athi Mziya, eyadlalwa ngo-1959. Isekelwe esakhiweni esivela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwedolobhana lezenhlalakahle eGeorgia.

Ngo-1944, uBalanchivadze wabhala i-symphony yakhe yokuqala neyokuqala emculweni waseGeorgia, ozinikele ezenzakalweni zanamuhla. “Ngabhala ingoma yami yokuqala phakathi neminyaka embi yempi… Ngo-1943, ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa amabhomu, udadewethu washona. Ngangifuna ukukhombisa okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi kule symphony: hhayi nje ukudabuka nokudabuka kwabafileyo, kodwa futhi nokholo ekunqobeni, isibindi, ubuqhawe babantu bakithi.

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, kanye nomdwebi wokucula u-L. Lavrovsky, umqambi wasebenza ku-ballet i-Ruby Stars, iningi layo elagcina liyingxenye ebalulekile ye-ballet Amakhasi Okuphila (1961).

Ingqophamlando ebalulekile emsebenzini we-Balanchivadze kwakuyi-Third Concerto for Piano and String Orchestra (1952), enikezelwe entsheni. Ingoma iwuhlelo ngokwemvelo, igcwele amaphimbo ezingoma zikamashi isici somculo wamaphayona. “Ekhonsathini Yesithathu Ye-Piano ne-String Orchestra, u-Balanchivadze uyingane enganakile, ejabule, nengenangqondo,” kubhala uN. Mamisashvili. Le khonsathi yayifakwe ku-repertoire yabadlali bopiyano abadumile baseSoviet - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. I-Fourth Piano Concerto (1968) iqukethe izingxenye eziyisi-6, lapho umqambi efuna ukuthwebula izici zezifunda ezahlukahlukene zaseGeorgia - imvelo yazo, isiko, impilo: ihora eli-1 - "Jvari" (ithempeli elidumile lekhulu lesi-2 I-Kartli), amahora angu-3 - i-“Tetnuld” (isiqongo sentaba eSvaneti), amahora angu-4 – “Salamuri” (uhlobo lomtshingo lwesizwe), amahora angu-5 – “Dila” (Ekuseni, kusetshenziswa amaphimbo ezingoma zamakwaya e-Gurian), amahora angu-6 - "Rion Forest" (idweba imvelo ekhangayo ye-Imeretin), amahora angu-2 - "Tskhratskaro" (imithombo eyisishiyagalolunye). Enguqulweni yokuqala, umjikelezo ubuqukethe ezinye iziqephu eziyi-XNUMX - "Umvini" kanye "neChanchkeri" ("Impophoma").

Ikhonsathi yesine yepiyano yandulelwa i-ballet uMtsyri (1964, esekelwe enkondlweni kaM. Lermontov). Kule nkondlo ye-ballet, enomoya we-symphonic ngempela, konke ukunaka komqambi kugxile emfanekisweni womlingiswa oyinhloko, okunikeza ukubunjwa izici ze-monodrama. Kungesithombe sikaMtsyra ukuthi ama-leitmotifs ama-3 ahlotshaniswa, okuyisisekelo sedramaturgy yomculo yokuqamba. U-A. Shaverzashvili uyabhala: “Umqondo wokubhala i-ballet esekelwe esimisweni sikaLermontov wazalwa uBalanchivadze kudala. “Phambilini, wazinza kuDemon. Nokho, lolu hlelo aluzange lufezwe. Ekugcineni, ukhetho lwawela ku-"Mtsyri" ... "

“Usesho lukaBalanchivadze lwagqugquzelwa ukufika eSoviet Union komfowabo uGeorge Balanchine, ubuciko bakhe obukhulu, obusha bokuqamba kwavula amathuba amasha ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ballet ... usesho. Lokhu kunqume isiphetho se-ballet yakhe entsha. "

70-80s ephawulwe umsebenzi okhethekile zokudala Balanchivadze. Wakha eyesiThathu (1978), Yesine (“Forest”, 1980) kanye neyesihlanu (“Youth”, 1989) yama-symphonies; inkondlo yezwi-symphonic "Obelisks" (1985); I-opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); I-Piano Trio, i-Fifth Concerto (bobabili ngo-1979) kanye noQuintet (1980); I-Quartet (1983) nezinye izingoma zezinsimbi.

“U-Andrey Balanchivadze ungomunye walabo badali abashiye uphawu olungacimekiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko lomculo kazwelonke. …Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-horizons amasha avuleka ngaphambi kweciko ngalinye, izinto eziningi ziyashintsha empilweni. Kodwa umuzwa wokubonga okukhulu, inhlonipho eqotho ngo-Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, isakhamuzi esinezimiso kanye nomdali omkhulu, uhlala nathi kuze kube phakade” (O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko