Umlando womtshingo

Izinsimbi zomculo lapho i-air oscillates ngenxa yendiza yomoya evuthelwa kuwo, ephukile emaphethelweni odonga lomzimba, zibizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi zomoya. Nciphisa imele enye yezinhlobo zezinsimbi zomculo ezivunguzayo. Ngaphandle, ithuluzi lifana nethubhu ye-cylindrical enesiteshi esincane noma imbobo yomoya ngaphakathi. Esikhathini seminyaka eyinkulungwane edlule, leli thuluzi elimangalisayo liye laba nezinguquko eziningi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphambi kokuba livele phambi kwethu ngendlela yalo evamile. Emphakathini wasendulo, owandulela umtshingo kwakuwumtshingo, owawusetshenziswa emikhosini yesiko, emikhankasweni yezempi, ezindongeni zenqaba. Impempe kwakuyintokozo yasebuntwaneni eyintandokazi. Izinto zokwakha impempe kwakuyizinkuni, ubumba, amathambo. Kwakuyishubhu elilula elinembobo. Lapho bevuthela kuyo, imisindo ephezulu iphuma lapho.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baqala ukwenza izimbobo zeminwe ngamakhwela. Ngosizo lwensimbi efanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi umtshingo, umuntu waqala ukukhipha imisindo nemiculo ehlukene. Kamuva, ishubhu laba lide, inani lezimbobo ezisikiwe landa, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa imiculo ekhishwa emtshingoni. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi leli thuluzi lasendulo lalikhona cishe eminyakeni eyi-40 BC. EYurophu yakudala naphakathi kwabantu baseTibet, kwakunemitshingo eshaya ikhwelo ephindwe kabili nakathathu, kanti amaNdiya, izakhamuzi zase-Indonesia ngisho nelaseShayina zazinemitshingo yomnsalo eyodwa nephindwe kabili. Lapha umsindo wawukhishwa ngokukhipha ikhala. Kunemibhalo engokomlando efakazela ukuba khona komtshingo eGibhithe lasendulo eminyakeni engaba yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu edlule. Emibhalweni yasendulo, imidwebo yomtshingo we-longitudinal enezimbobo eziningana emzimbeni weminwe yatholwa. Olunye uhlobo - umtshingo oguquguqukayo wawukhona eShayina yasendulo eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu edlule, eNdiya naseJapane - cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule.

EYurophu, umtshingo welongitudinal wawusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, ongcweti baseFrance bathuthukisa umtshingo oguquguqukayo owawuvela eMpumalanga, wawunikeza ukugqama nokuthinta imizwelo. Njengomphumela wesimanje owenziwe, umtshingo oguquguqukayo wazwakala kuwo wonke ama-orchestra asevele ekhulwini le-18, ususa umtshingo welongitudinal lapho. Kamuva, umtshingo oguquguqukayo wacwengwa izikhathi eziningi, umtshingo odumile, umculi nomqambi u-Theobald Boehm wawunika indlela yesimanje. Kwaphela iminyaka engu-15, wathuthukisa ithuluzi, wethula izinto ezintsha eziningi eziwusizo. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiliva lalisetshenziswa ukwenza imitshingo, nakuba izinsimbi zokhuni zazivamile. Ngekhulu le-19, imitshingo eyenziwe ngezinyo lendlovu yaduma kakhulu, kwakukhona ngisho nezinsimbi ezenziwe ngengilazi. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zomtshingo: ezinkulu (soprano), ezincane (i-piccolo), i-bass, i-alto. Namuhla, ngenxa yokudlala kahle kwabaculi baseRomania, umtshingo onjalo oguquguqukayo njengomtshingo wepan uthandwa kakhulu eYurophu. Ithuluzi liwuchungechunge lwamashubhu angenalutho anobude obuhlukene, enziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Leli thuluzi libhekwa njengesici somculo esibalulekile sikankulunkulu wasendulo wamaGreki uPan. Ezikhathini zasendulo, insimbi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-syringa. Zaziwa kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo ze-pan flute njenge-kugikls yaseRashiya, i-sampona yamaNdiya, i-larchami yaseGeorgia, njll. Ngekhulu le-19, ukudlala umtshingo kwakuwuphawu lwephimbo elimnandi kanye nesici esibalulekile emphakathini ophakeme.