Pablo Casals |

UPablo Casals

I-cellist yaseSpain, umqhubi, umqambi, umculo nomphakathi. Indodana yesitho somzimba. Wafunda i-cello no-X. Garcia e-Barcelona Conservatory kanye no-T. Breton kanye no-X. Monasterio e-Madrid Conservatory (kusukela ngo-1891). Waqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi ngawo-1890 e-Barcelona, ​​​​lapho ayefundisa khona e-Conservatory. Ngo-1899 wenza i-debut yakhe eParis. Kusukela ngo-1901 wavakashela emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Ngo-1905-13, wadlala minyaka yonke eRussia njengomculi oyedwa futhi ehlangene no-SV Rakhmaninov, AI Ziloti, no-AB Goldenweiser.

Abaqambi abaningi banikezele imisebenzi yabo ku-Casals, kuhlanganise no-AK Glazunov - ikhonsathi-ballad, i-MP Gnesin - i-sonata-ballad, i-AA Kerin - inkondlo. Kuze kube yilapho esemdala kakhulu, uCasals akazange ayeke ukudlala yedwa, umqhubi, nomdlali ohlangene (kusukela ngo-1905 wayeyilungu le-trio eyaziwayo: A. Cortot - J. Thibaut - Casals).

UCasals ungomunye wabaculi abavelele kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20. Emlandweni wobuciko be-cello, igama lakhe liphawula inkathi entsha ehambisana nokuthuthukiswa okugqamile kokusebenza kobuciko, ukudalulwa okubanzi kwamathuba acebile aveza i-cello, kanye nokuhlonishwa kwe-repertoire yayo. Ukudlala kwakhe bekuhlukaniswa ngokujula nokunotha, umuzwa wesitayela othuthuke kahle, imisho yobuciko, kanye nenhlanganisela yemizwa nokucabanga. Ithoni yemvelo enhle kanye nobuciko obuhle bunikezwe umfanekiso ogqamile noyiqiniso wokuqukethwe komculo.

UCasals waduma kakhulu ngokuchaza kwakhe okujulile nokuphelele kwemisebenzi ka-JS Bach, kanye nokudlalwa komculo ka-L. Beethoven, R. Schumann, J. Brahms kanye no-A. Dvorak. Ubuciko be-Casals kanye nemibono yakhe yobuciko eqhubekayo ibe nomthelela omkhulu esikweni lomculo nelokwenza lekhulu lama-20.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ehlanganyela emisebenzini yokufundisa: wafundisa e-Barcelona Conservatory (phakathi kwabafundi bakhe - G. Casado), e-Ecole Normal eParis, ngemva kuka-1945 - ezifundweni zobungcweti eSwitzerland, France, USA, njll.

UCasals ungumdlali osebenzayo womculo nowomphakathi: wahlela i-orchestra yokuqala ye-symphony e-Barcelona (1920), ayenza ngayo njengomqhubi (kwaze kwaba ngu-1936), i-Working Musical Society (eyihole ngo-1924-36), isikole somculo, umagazini womculo namakhonsathi angeSonto ezisebenzi, anikele emfundweni yomculo yaseCatalonia.

Lezi zinhlelo zemfundo zayeka ukuba khona ngemva kokuvukela umbuso wamaFascist eSpain (1936). I-Patriot kanye ne-anti-fascist, uCasals wasiza amaRiphabhulikhi ngentshiseko phakathi nempi. Ngemva kokuwa kweRiphabhulikhi yaseSpain (1939) wathuthela futhi wahlala eningizimu yeFrance, ePrades. Kusukela ngo-1956 wayehlala eSan Juan (Puerto Rico), lapho asungula khona i-symphony orchestra (1959) kanye ne-conservatory (1960).

UCasals wathatha isinyathelo sokuhlela imikhosi ePrada (1950-66; phakathi kwezikhulumi kwakukhona uDF Oistrakh nabanye abaculi baseSoviet) kanye neSan Juan (kusukela ngo-1957). Kusukela ngo-1957 imincintiswano eqanjwe ngoCasals (owokuqala eParis) kanye “nokuhlonipha amaCasals” (eBudapest) iye yabanjwa.

UCasals wazibonakalisa njengomlweli okhuthele wokuthula. Ungumbhali we-oratorio El pesebre (1943, ukusebenza kwe-1st 1960), umqondo oyinhloko ofakwe emazwini okugcina: "Ukuthula kubo bonke abantu bentando enhle!" Ngesicelo sikaNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-U Thant, uCasals wabhala iculo elithi “Hymn to Peace” (umsebenzi onezingxenye ezintathu), owenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe ekhonsathini yochungechunge e-UN ngo-3. Waklonyeliswa ngeNdondo Yokuthula Ye-UN. . Wabuye wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ye-symphonic, choral kanye ne-chamber-instrumental, izingcezu ze-cello solo kanye ne-cello ensemble. Waqhubeka nokudlala, ukuziphatha nokufundisa kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.

References: Borisyak A., Izindatshana zesikole sikaPablo Casals, M., 1929; Ginzburg L., Pablo Casals, M., 1958, 1966; Corredor JM, Izingxoxo no-Pablo Casals. Ngena. isihloko kanye nokuphawula kuka-LS Ginzburg, trans. kusukela ku-French, L., 1960.

LS Ginzburg