Umlando we-harmonium

Isitho namuhla singummeleli wesikhathi esidlule. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yeSonto LamaKatolika, ingatholakala kwamanye amahholo ekhonsathi nakuPhilharmonic. I-harmonium nayo ingeyomndeni wezitho.

I-Physharmonia iyinsimbi yomculo yekhibhodi yomhlanga. Imisindo yenziwa ngosizo lwezinhlanga zensimbi, okuthi, ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, zenze ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory. Umculi udinga kuphela ukucindezela amaphedali phansi kwensimbi. Maphakathi nensimbi kukhona ikhibhodi, futhi ngaphansi kwayo kukhona amaphiko amaningana nama-pedals. Okugqamile kwe-harmonium ukuthi ayilawulwa ngezandla kuphela, kodwa futhi nemilenze namadolo. Ngosizo lwama-shutters, ama-shades ashukumisayo omsindo ashintsha.

I-harmonium icishe ifane nopiyano, kodwa lezi zinsimbi zomculo ezimbili zemindeni ehlukene akufanele zidideke. Ngokwesiko elide, insimbi yenziwe ngokhuni. I-harmonium ifinyelela ku-150 cm ukuphakama no-130 cm ububanzi. Ngenxa yama-octave amahlanu, ungadlala noma yimuphi umculo futhi uthuthukise kuwo. Insimbi ingeyesigaba sama-aerophone.

Umlando we-harmonium uhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-19. Imicimbi eminingana ibe negalelo ekwakhiweni kwensimbi yomculo. Uchwepheshe wezitho zesiCzech uF. Kirshnik, owayehlala eSt. Petersburg ngo-1784, waqhamuka nendlela entsha yokukhipha imisindo. Wasungula umshini we-espressivo, owawungakhuliswa ngawo umsindo noma ube buthakathaka. Konke kwakuncike ekutheni umenzi uwucindezele ujule kangakanani ukhiye (“ukucindezela kabili”). Yilo mshini ukuthi u-VF Odoevsky wasebenzisa ngo-1849 ekwenzeni isitho esincane "Sebastianon".

Ngo-1790 eWarsaw, umfundi waseKirschnik, eRaknitz, kwenziwa ushintsho kuGI Vogler (izilimi ezishelelayo), ahambela amazwe amaningi omhlaba. Idivayisi yaqhubeka ithuthuka, isikhathi ngasinye lapho kwethulwa okuthile okusha.

I-prototype ye-harmonium, isitho esichazayo, sidalwe ngu-G.Zh. Grenier ngo-1810. Ngo-1816, ithuluzi elithuthukisiwe lanikezwa u-ID Bushman oyinhloko waseJalimane, futhi ngo-1818 ngungcweti wase-Viennese u-A. Heckl. Kwakungu-A. Heckl owabiza insimbi ngokuthi “harmonium”. Kamuva u-AF Deben wenza i-harmonium encane, emise okwepiyano.

Ngo-1854, umpetha wesiFulentshi u-V.Mustel wethula i-harmonium “nenkulumo ekabili” (“inkulumo ekabili”). Ithuluzi lalinamabhukwana amabili, amarejista angu-6-20, avuliwe ngosizo lwezintambo zokhuni noma ngokucindezela izinkinobho. Ikhibhodi yahlukaniswa yaba izinhlangothi ezimbili (kwesokunxele nakwesokudla). Ngaphakathi kwakukhona “amasethi” amabili asebenzayo amabha anamarejista. Kusukela ngekhulu le-19, umklamo uye waqhubeka uthuthuka. Okokuqala, i-perkussion yethulwa ensimbi, okwakungenzeka ngayo ukunikeza ukuhlasela okucacile komsindo, bese kuba idivayisi yokwandisa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa umsindo.

Ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20, i-harmonium yayisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza umculo wasekhaya. Ngalesi sikhathi, "harmonium" yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isitho". Kodwa, yilabo kuphela ababekude nomculo abakubiza ngokuthi, njengoba isitho siyinsimbi yomoya, futhi i-harmonium ingumhlanga.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, liye landa kancane kancane. Namuhla, awekho ama-harmonium amaningi kangaka enziwe, abalandeli beqiniso kuphela abawathengayo. Ithuluzi lisewusizo kakhulu kuma-ogani angochwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga, ukufunda izingoma ezintsha kanye nokuqeqesha izandla nezinyawo. I-harmonium ngokufanelekile ithatha indawo evelele emlandweni wezinsimbi zomculo.