Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze (Meliton Balanchivadze) |
Meliton Balanchivadze
UM. Balanchivadze wayenenjabulo engavamile - ukubeka itshe lokuqala esisekelweni somculo wobuciko waseGeorgia bese ubuka ngokuziqhenya ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sakhula futhi sathuthukiswa kanjani phakathi neminyaka engama-50. D. Arakishvili
M. Balanchivadze wangena emlandweni wesiko lomculo njengomunye wabasunguli besikole somqambi waseGeorgia. Umuntu osebenzayo womphakathi, umsakazi ogqamile futhi onamandla womculo wendabuko waseGeorgia, uBalanchivadze wanikela impilo yakhe yonke ekudaleni ubuciko bezwe.
Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo waba nezwi elihle zisuka nje, futhi kusukela ebuntwaneni waqala ukucula emakwayeni ahlukahlukene, okokuqala eKutaisi, wabe eseya eTbilisi Theological Seminary, lapho amiswa khona ngo-1877. Nokho, umsebenzi womkhakha ongokomoya awuzange ukuheha umculi osemusha futhi kakade ngo-1880 Wangena eqenjini lokucula le-Tbilisi Opera House. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uBalanchivadze wayesevele ehlatshwe umxhwele yizinganekwane zomculo zaseGeorgia, ngenhloso yokuyithuthukisa, wahlela i-choir ye-ethnographic. Umsebenzi ekwayeni wawuhlotshaniswa nokuhlelwa kwezingoma zomdabu, futhi wawudinga ubuciko bobuchule bomqambi. Ngo-1889, uBalanchivadze wangena e-St. Petersburg Conservatory, lapho uN. Rimsky-Korsakov (umqambi), u-V. Samus (oculayo), u-Y. Ioganson (ukuvumelana) baba othisha bakhe.
Ukuphila nokufunda eSt. Petersburg kwadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwesithombe sokudala somqambi. Amakilasi no-Rimsky-Korsakov, ubungane no-A. Lyadov no-N. Findeisen basize ukusungula isikhundla sakhe sokudala engqondweni yomculi waseGeorgia. Yayisekelwe ekukholelweni isidingo sobudlelwano bezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezingoma zomdabu zaseGeorgia kanye nezindlela zokukhuluma ezagqama kumkhuba ovamile womculo waseYurophu. E-St. Petersburg, u-Balanchivadze usaqhubeka nokusebenza ku-opera ethi Darejan Insidious (izingcezu zayo zenziwa kusukela ngo-1897 eTbilisi). I-opera isuselwe enkondlweni ethi "Tamara the Insidious" yezincwadi zakudala zesiGeorgia A. Tsereteli. Ukwakhiwa kwe-opera kwabambezeleka, futhi wabona ukukhanya kwerempu kuphela ngo-1926 e-Georgian Opera naseBallet Theatre. Ukubonakala kwe "Darejan insidious" kwaba ukuzalwa kwe-opera kazwelonke yaseGeorgia.
Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, Balanchivadze uhlala futhi usebenza Georgia. Lapha, amakhono akhe njengomhleli wokuphila komculo, isibalo somphakathi kanye nothisha ayegcwele ngokugcwele. Ngo-1918 wasungula isikole somculo e-Kutaisi, futhi kusukela ngo-1921 wahola umnyango womculo we-People's Commissariat of Education of Georgia. Umsebenzi womqambi wawuhlanganisa izingqikithi ezintsha: izinhlelo zamakwaya zezingoma zoguquko, i-cantata ethi "Udumo ku-ZAGES". Eminyakeni eyishumi yezincwadi nezobuciko zaseGeorgia eMoscow (1936) kwenziwa uhlelo olusha lwe-opera ethi Darejan the Insidious. Imisebenzi embalwa ye-Balanchivadze yaba nomthelela omkhulu esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sabaqambi baseGeorgia. Izinhlobo ezihamba phambili zomculo wakhe i-opera nezothando. Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezingoma zomqambi wezingoma zomculo zihlukaniswa ngepulasitiki yomculo, lapho umuntu engezwa khona ubunye bezingoma zezingoma zansuku zonke zesiGeorgia kanye nezothando zasendulo zaseRussia ("Lapho ngikubuka", "Ngilangazelela ngawe kuze kube phakade", "Ungangihawukeli", i-duet edumile "Intwasahlobo, njll.).
Indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini we-Balanchivadze ithathwa yi-opera ye-lyric-epic i-Darejan the Insidious, ehlukaniswa nomculo wayo ogqamile, imvelaphi yokuphindaphinda, ukunotha kwama-melos, nokutholakala kwe-harmonic ezithakazelisayo. Umqambi akasebenzisi nje kuphela izingoma eziyiqiniso zomdabu zaseGeorgia, kodwa emiculweni yakhe uncika emaphethini ezimpawu zezinganekwane zesiGeorgia; lokhu kunikeza i-opera ubusha kanye nokuvela kwemibala yomculo. Isenzo sesiteji esakhiwe ngobuchule ngokwanele sinikela ekupheleleni kokusebenza kokusebenza, okungakalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwaso nanamuhla.
L. Rapatskaya
