Sergei Artemyevich Balasanian |

Impendulo ivela ku- Sergey

Umculo walo mqambi uhlala ungowokuqala, awujwayelekile, usungula futhi, uwulalele, uwela ngaphansi kobuhle obungenakuvinjwa bobuhle nobusha. A. Khachaturyan

Ubuciko S. Balasanyan ngokujulile ngokwemvelo yamazwe ngamazwe. Enezimpande eziqinile zesiko lase-Armenia, wafunda futhi ekuqaleni wayehlanganisa inkolelo yabantu abaningi emisebenzini yakhe. U-Balasanyan wazalelwa e-Ashgabat. Ngo-1935 wathweswa iziqu emnyangweni womsakazo we-Faculty of theory and theory of the Conservatory yaseMoscow, lapho u-A. Alschwang wayengumholi wawo. U-Balasanyan wafunda ukuqamba unyaka ngonyaka eshabhu yokuqamba eyakhiwe ngohlelo lwabafundi. Lapha uthisha wakhe kwakunguD. Kabalevsky. Kusukela ngo-1936, ukuphila kukaBalasanyan kanye nomsebenzi wokudala kuye kwaxhunyaniswa noDushanbe, lapho eza khona ngokwakhe ukuze alungiselele iminyaka eyishumi ezayo yezincwadi nezobuciko zaseTajikistan eMoscow. Umhlabathi womsebenzi wawuvundile: izisekelo zesiko lomculo lochwepheshe zazisanda kubekwa e-republic, futhi u-Balasanyan uhileleke ekwakhiweni kwayo njengomqambi, isibalo somphakathi kanye nomculo, i-folklorist kanye nothisha. Kwakudingekile ukufundisa abaculi indlela yokufunda umculo, ukugxilisa kubo nakubalaleli babo umkhuba we-polyphony nokushuna okupholile. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ufunda inganekwane yesizwe kanye namaqom asendulo ukuze awasebenzise emsebenzini wakhe.

Ngo-1937, uBalasanyan wabhala idrama yomculo ethi "Vose" (umdlalo ka-A. Dehoti, M. Tursunzade, G. Abdullo). Ube ngumanduleli we-opera yakhe yokuqala, i-The Rising of Vose (1939), eyaba i-opera yokuqala yesiTajik yobungcweti. Isakhiwo salo sisekelwe ekuvukeleni kwabalimi ngokumelene namakhosi asekhaya angama-feudal ngo-1883-85. ngaphansi kobuholi benganekwane Vose. Ngo-1941, kwavela i-opera ethi The Blacksmith Kova (ekhishwe ngu-A. Lakhuti esekelwe ku-Shahnameh Firdowsi). Umqambi we-Tajik-melodist Sh. UBobokalonov wabamba iqhaza ekudaleni kwayo, izingoma zakhe, kanye nezingoma zangempela nezakudala, zafakwa ku-opera. “Bengifuna ukusebenzisa amathuba anothile ahambisana nesigqi enganekwane yesiTajik kabanzi… Lapha ngizamile ukuthola isitayela sokusebenza esibanzi…” kubhala u-Balasanyan. Ngo-1941, i-opera ethi The Rebellion of Vose kanye ne-Blacksmith Kova yenziwa eMoscow phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yezincwadi nezobuciko baseTajikistan. Phakathi neminyaka yempi, uBalasanyan, owaba usihlalo wokuqala webhodi le-Union of Composers yaseTajikistan, waqhubeka nomqambi wakhe osebenzayo kanye nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. Ngo-1942-43. ungumqondisi wezobuciko we-opera house eDushanbe. Ngokubambisana nomqambi weTajik u-Z. Shahidi Balasanyan udala ihlaya lomculo elithi "Rosia" (1942), kanye nedrama yomculo "Ingoma Yentukuthelo" (1942) - imisebenzi eyaba impendulo ezenzakalweni zempi. Ngo-1943 umqambi wathuthela eMoscow. Wasebenza njengephini likasihlalo we-All-Union Radio Committee (1949-54), khona-ke (ekuqaleni ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi kusukela ngo-1955 unomphela) wafundisa eMoscow Conservatory. Kodwa ukuxhumana kwakhe nomculo weTajik akuzange kuphazamiseke. Ngalesi sikhathi, uBalasanyan wabhala i-ballet yakhe edumile ethi "Leyli and Majnun" (1947) kanye ne-opera ethi "Bakhtior and Nisso" (1954) (esekelwe encwadini kaP. Luknitsky "Nisso") - i-opera yokuqala yesiTajik esekelwe esakhiweni. eduze nezikhathi zanamuhla (izakhamuzi ezicindezelwe zasesigodini sasePamir eSiatang ziqaphela kancane kancane ukufika kwempilo entsha).

Ku-ballet "uLeyli noMajnun" uBalasanyan waphendukela enguqulweni yamaNdiya yenganekwane edumile yasempumalanga, ngokusho kwayo uLeyli engumphristikazi ethempelini (lib. S. Penina). Enguqulweni yesibili ye-ballet (1956), indawo yesenzo idluliselwa esimweni sasendulo saseSogdiana, esisendaweni yeTajikistan yesimanje. Kulolu shicilelo, umqambi usebenzisa izingqikithi zesintu, usebenzisa amasiko kazwelonke we-Tajik (umkhosi we-tulip). Idramaturgy yomculo we-ballet isuselwe ku-leitmotifs. Abalingiswa abayinhloko nabo banikezwe - uLeyli noMajnun, abahlale belwela omunye nomunye, imihlangano yabo (eyenzeka empeleni noma ecatshangelwayo) - i-duet adagios - yizikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesenzo. Baqala nokucula, ukugcwala kwengqondo, izigcawu zesixuku sabalingiswa abahlukahlukene - imidanso yamantombazane nemidanso yabesilisa. Ngo-1964, u-Balasanyan wenza uhlelo lwesithathu lwe-ballet, lapho ahlelwa khona esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre yase-USSR kanye ne-Kremlin Palace of Congresses (izingxenye eziyinhloko zenziwa ngu-N. Bessmertnova no-V. Vasiliev).

Ngo-1956 uBalasanyan waphendukela emculweni wase-Afghan. Lena "i-Afghan Suite" ye-orchestra, ehlanganisa isici somdanso ekubonakalisweni kwayo okuhlukahlukene, bese kuba khona "Izithombe Zase-Afghan" (1959) - umjikelezo wezinto ezincane ezinhlanu ezikhanyayo emoyeni.

Umkhakha obaluleke kakhulu wobuciko bukaBalasanyan uxhumene nesiko lase-Armenia. Isikhalo sokuqala kuye kwaba ezothando emavesini V. Terian (1944) kanye zakudala izinkondlo kazwelonke A. Isahakyan (1955). Impumelelo enkulu yokusungula kwakuyizingoma ze-orchestra - "i-Armenian Rhapsody" yomlingisi wekhonsathi ogqamile (1944) futhi ikakhulukazi i-Seven Armenian Songs (1955), umqambi ayichaza ngokuthi "uhlobo-izigcawu-izithombe". Isitayela se-orchestra sokuqamba sinombono omuhle kakhulu, siphefumulelwe izithombe zokuphila kwansuku zonke nemvelo e-Armenia. Ezingomeni Eziyisikhombisa Zase-Armenia, u-Balasanyan usebenzise imiculo evela ku-Komitas' Ethnographic Collection. Umqambi wezingoma uY. Butsko, ongumfundi waseBalasanyan, uyabhala: “Izinga elimangalisayo lalo mculo yisu elihlakaniphile lokusebenzelana nomthombo oyinhloko wabantu. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, iqoqo lika-Komitas lagqugquzela u-Balasanyan emsebenzini obalulekile - ukulilungiselela upiyano. Zivela kanje Izihlabelelo zase-Armenia (1969) - ama-miniatures ayi-100, ahlanganiswe abe amabhukwana ayi-6. Umqambi ulandela ngokuqinile ukuhleleka kwemiculo eqoshwe yi-Komitas, ngaphandle kokushintsha umsindo owodwa kuwo. Izingoma eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-Komitas ze-mezzo-soprano ne-baritone ephelezelwa yi-orchestra (1956), izingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili ze-orchestra yezintambo ezindikimbeni zika-Komitas (1971), izingcezu eziyisithupha ze-violin nopiyano (1970) nazo zixhunywe nomsebenzi we-Komitas. Elinye igama emlandweni wesiko lase-Armenia lakhanga ukunaka kukaBalasanyan - ashug Sayat-Nova. Okokuqala, ubhala umculo wohlelo lomsakazo "Sayat-Nova" (1956) olusekelwe enkondlweni kaG. Saryan, bese wenza izinguquko ezintathu zezingoma zikaSayat-Nova zezwi nopiyano (1957). I-Second Symphony ye-String Orchestra (1974) iphinde ihlotshaniswe nomculo wase-Armenia, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinto zamashuni asendulo ase-Armenia. Elinye ikhasi elibalulekile lomsebenzi kaBalasanyan lixhumene nesiko laseNdiya nelase-Indonesia. Ubhala umculo wedrama yomsakazo ethi Isihlahla Samanzi (1955) kanye nethi The Flowers Are Red (1956) esekelwe ezindabeni zikaKrishnan Chandra; emdlalweni kaN. Guseva “Ramayana” (1960), odlalwa eCentral Children’s Theatre; Izothando ezinhlanu emavesini embongi yaseNdiya u-Suryakant Tripathi Nirano (1965), "Iziqhingi zase-Indonesia" (1960, imidwebo eyisi-6 yohlobo lwendawo engavamile), ihlela izingoma ezine zezingane zase-Indonesia zikaReni Putirai Kaya zezwi nopiyano (1961). Ngo-1962-63 umqambi udala i-ballet "Shakuntala" (esekelwe kumdlalo wegama elifanayo likaKalidasa). I-Balasanyan ifunda umlando namasiko aseNdiya. Ukuze afeze lokhu, ngo-1961 wathatha uhambo oluya kuleli zwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-orchestral Rhapsody enetimu ka-Rabindranath Tagore, esekelwe emiculweni yangempela ye-Tagore, kanye Nezingoma Eziyisithupha zika-Rabindranath Tagore zezwi ne-orchestra. “USergey Artemyevich Balasanyan unobudlelwane obukhethekile noTagore,” kusho umfundi wakhe uN. Korndorf, “uTagor “umbhali” wakhe, futhi lokhu akuvezwa nje kuphela emibhalweni ngezihloko zalo mbhali, kodwa nasebudlelwaneni obuthile obungokomoya bo abaculi.”

I-geography yezinto ezithakaselayo zokudala ze-Balasanyan ayikhawulelwe emisebenzini esohlwini. Umqambi uphinde waphendukela kumlando wase-Afrika (Izingoma Ezine Zesintu Zase-Afrika zezwi nepiyano - 1961), i-Latin America (izingoma ezimbili zaseLatin America zezwi nepiyano - 1961), wabhala ngokukhululekile ama-ballads athinta inhliziyo 5 Izwe Lami nge-baritone ngopiyano. emavesini embongi yaseCameroon u-Elolonge Epanya Yondo (1962). Kusukela kulo mjikelezo kukhona indlela eya ku-Symphony yekhwaya i-cappella eya emavesini ka-E. Mezhelaitis no-K. Kuliev (1968), izingxenye ezi-3 zazo ("Izinsimbi zaseBuchenwald", "Lullaby", "Icariad"). ihlanganiswe yindikimba yokucabangisisa kwefilosofi ngesiphetho somuntu nesintu.

Phakathi kwezingoma zakamuva zikaBalasanyan kukhona iculo elithi Sonata elicula ngokungananazi ku-cello solo (1976), inkondlo yezinsimbi zomculo ethi "Amethyst" (evesini lika-E. Mezhelaitis esekelwe ezihlosweni zikaTagore - 1977). (Ngo-1971, uBalasanyan noMezhelaitis bahamba ndawonye baya eNdiya.) Embhalweni we-Amethyst, imihlaba ye-2 ibonakala ihlanganisa - ifilosofi kaTagore kanye nezinkondlo zeMezhelaitis.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-motif ase-Armenia aphinde avela emsebenzini kaBalasanyan - umjikelezo wezindaba ezine ezimfushane zamapiyano amabili "Across Armenia" (1978), imijikelezo yezwi "Sawubona kuwe, injabulo" (ku-G. Emin, 1979), "Kusuka enkathini ephakathi. izinkondlo Armenian “(esiteshini N. Kuchak, 1981). Njengoba esele eyindodana ethembekile yezwe lakubo, umqambi wamukela emsebenzini wakhe izinhlobonhlobo zomculo ovela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene, eyisibonelo sokusebenzelana kweqiniso kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezobuciko.

N. Aleksenko