Albert Rossel |
Okuqukethwe
Albert Rossel
Umlando wokuphila kuka-A. Roussel, omunye wabaqambi abaqavile baseFrance bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-25, awuvamile. Wachitha iminyaka yakhe yobusha ehamba ngomkhumbi e-Indian and Pacific Oceans, njengo-N. Rimsky-Korsakov, wavakashela amazwe angaphandle. Isikhulu samasosha asolwandle uRousel akazange acabange ngisho nangomculo njengomsebenzi. Kuphela eneminyaka engu-1894 wanquma ukuzinikela ngokuphelele emculweni. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokungabaza nokungabaza, uRoussel ucela ukwesula futhi uhlala edolobheni elincane laseRoubaix. Lapha uqala amakilasi ngokuvumelana nomqondisi wesikole somculo wendawo. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 4 uRoussel uhlala eParis, lapho athatha khona izifundo zokuqamba ku-E. Gigot. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-1902, wangena ku-Schola cantorum ekilasini lokuqamba le-V. d'Andy, lapho kakade ngo-XNUMX wamenywa esikhundleni sokuba uprofesa we-counterpoint. Lapho wafundisa kwaze kwaba yilapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ikilasi likaRoussel lihanjelwa abaqambi kamuva abathatha indawo evelele emculweni waseFrance, E. Satie, E. Varèse, P. Le Flem, A. Roland-Manuel.
Izingoma zokuqala zika-Roussel, ezenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe ngo-1898. futhi wathola indondo emqhudelwaneni weNhlangano Yabaqambi, azikasinda. Ngo-1903, umsebenzi we-symphonic "Uvuko", ophefumulelwe inoveli ka-L. Tolstoy, wenziwa ekhonsathini ye-National Musical Society (i-A. Corto eyenziwa). Futhi ngisho nangaphambi kwalo mcimbi, igama likaRoussel liyaziwa emibuthanweni yomculo ngenxa yezingoma zakhe zegumbi nezwi (i-Trio yepiyano, i-violin ne-cello, izinkondlo ezine zezwi nopiyano emavesini ka-A. Renier, "The Hours Pass" upiyano).
Intshisekelo eMpumalanga yenza u-Roussel aphinde athathe uhambo oluhle oluya eNdiya, eCambodia naseCeylon. Umqambi uphinde athande amathempeli amakhulu, ahambele imidlalo yaseshashalazini yasethunzini, alalele i-orchestra ye-gamelan. Amanxiwa edolobha lasendulo laseNdiya iChittor, lapho kwake kwabusa khona iPadmavati, amthinta kakhulu. I-East, ubuciko bayo bomculo uRoussel ajwayelana nayo ebusheni bakhe, yathuthukisa kakhulu ulimi lwakhe lomculo. Emisebenzini yeminyaka yokuqala, umqambi usebenzisa izici zezwe zomculo waseNdiya, waseCambodian, wase-Indonesia. Izithombe zaseMpumalanga zivezwa ngokucacile ku-opera-ballet Padmavati, edlalwa ku-Grand Opera (1923) futhi yaba nempumelelo enkulu. Kamuva, ngawo-30s. U-Roussel ungomunye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa emsebenzini wakhe izindlela ezibizwa nge-exotic modes - isiGreki sasendulo, isiShayina, isiNdiya (i-Sonata ye-Violin ne-Piano).
U-Roussel akazange alibaleke ithonya le-Impressionism. Kwi-ballet yomdlalo owodwa ethi The Feast of the Spider (1912), udale amaphuzu aphawuleka ngobuhle obumangalisayo bezithombe, i-orchestration enhle, eqanjiwe.
Ukuhlanganyela eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala kwaba inguquko enkulu ekuphileni kukaRoussel. Ebuya phambili, umqambi ushintsha isitayela sakhe sokudala. Uhambisana nomkhuba omusha we-neoclassicism. “U-Albert Roussel uyasishiya,” kubhala umgxeki u-E. Viyermoz, umlandeli we-impressionism, “ehamba ngaphandle kokuvalelisa, ethule, egxilile, evimbile ... Uzohamba, uzohamba, uzohamba. Kodwa kuphi? Ukusuka ku-impressionism sekuvele kubonakala ku-Second Symphony (1919-22). KumaSymphonies Okwesithathu (1930) kanye Nawesine (1934-35), umqambi uya ngokuya egomela endleleni entsha, enza imisebenzi lapho isimiso esakhayo siya ngokuya sigqama.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-20s. Imibhalo kaRoussel iduma phesheya. Ngo-1930, uvakashela e-USA futhi ukhona lapho kudlalwa iThird Symphony yakhe yiBoston Symphony Orchestra ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-S. Koussevitzky, okubhalwe ngokulandelana kwayo.
URoussel wayenegunya elikhulu njengomfundisi. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abaqambi abaningi abadumile bangekhulu le-1935: kanye nalabo okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla, laba ngoB. Martinou, K. Risager, P. Petridis. Kusukela ngo-1937 kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe (XNUMX), uRoussel wayengusihlalo we-Popular Musical Federation of France.
Echaza umgomo wakhe, umqambi wathi: “Inkolo yezindinganiso ezingokomoya iyisisekelo sanoma imuphi umphakathi othi uphucuzekile, futhi phakathi kobunye ubuciko, umculo uwukubonakaliswa okubucayi nokuvelele kakhulu kwalezi zindinganiso.”
V. Ilyeva
Ukwakhiwa:
ama-opera – Padmavati (opera-ballet, op. 1918; 1923, Paris), The Birth of the Lyre (lyric, La Naissance de la lyre, 1925, Paris), ITestamente lika-Anti uCaroline (Le Testament de la tante Caroline, 1936, Olmouc , ngesiCzech . lang.; 1937, eParis, ngesiFulentshi); amabhalethi – Umkhosi Wesicabucabu (Le festin de l'araignee. 1-act pantomime ballet; 1913, Paris), Bacchus and Ariadne (1931, Paris), Aeneas (nekhwaya; 1935, Brussels); Iziphonso (Evocations, for soloists, choir and orchestra, 1922); ye-orchestra - 4 ama-symphonies (Inkondlo yasehlathini - La Poeme de la foret, programmatic, 1906; 1921, 1930, 1934), izinkondlo ze-symphonic: NgeSonto (Uvuko, ngokusho kukaL. Tolstoy, 1903) kanye noMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo (Pour une fete de printemps, 1920, 1926 ) , suite F-dur (Suite en Fa, 1929), Petite suite (1936), Flemish Rhapsody (Rapsodie flamande, 1934), symphoniette for string orchestra. (XNUMX); izingoma ze-orchestra yezempi; eyensimbi yomculo ne-orchestra – fp. concerto (1927), concertino for wc. (1936); ama-ensembles wezinsimbi zegumbi - iduet ye-bassoon ene-double bass (noma nge-vlc., 1925), i-trio - p. (1902), izintambo (1937), zomtshingo, i-viola kanye ne-woofer. (1929), izintambo. I-quartet (1932), i-divertissement ye-sextet (i-quintet yokomoya nepiyano, 1906), i-sonatas ye-Skr. nge fp. (1908, 1924), izingcezu zopiyano, i-ogani, ihabhu, isiginci, umtshingo kanye ne-clarinet enopiyano; kwaya; izingoma; umculo wemidlalo yeshashalazi, okuhlanganisa nomdlalo kaR. Rolland othi “Julayi 14” (kanye no-A. Honegger nabanye, 1936, Paris).
Imisebenzi yemibhalo: Ukwazi ukukhetha, (P., 1936); Ukucabanga ngomculo namuhla, в кн.: Bernard R., A. Roussel, P., 1948.
References: Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 (ukuhunyushwa kwesiRashiya - Jourdan-Morhange E., Umngane wami ungumculi, M., 1966); U-Schneerson G., Umculo waseFrance wekhulu le-1964, eMoscow, ngo-1970, XNUMX.
