Ungawufunda kanjani umculo (Isifundo 2)

Esifundweni sokugcina se-Tutorial yethu, sifunde ukuzulazula kukhibhodi yepiyano, sajwayelana nemiqondo: isikhawu, ithoni, i-semitone, ukuvumelana, i-tonality, i-gamma.

Kodwa-ke, uma uzozimisela ngokudlala upiyano, udinga ukwazi ukufunda umculo. Vumelana ukuthi uma, ngokwesibonelo, ukhuluma kahle ngolimi lwangaphandle, kodwa ungakwazi ukufunda noma ukubhala kulo, khona-ke ukubaluleka kolwazi lwakho kuzoba kuncane kakhulu. Yebo, ngeke ngikuqambele amanga - lokhu akulona ulwazi olulula kakhulu ongalufunda, futhi ekuqaleni kuzodingeka uchithe isikhathi esithile ukuze uqonde ukuthi yimuphi umugqa osho ukuthini, kuzodingeka ukwazi kahle i-analogue yendawo yezimpawu zokubhala: izimpawu zokumisa isikhashana, ubude besikhathi nokunye okunjalo. Kodwa, futhi, umphumela ngeke uhlale ulindile.

Ngenxa yalokho, uzokwazi ukuqonda ngokukhululekile ukuphawula komculo futhi kamuva, ngokumane ubeke amanothi phambi kwakho, uzowafunda njengencwadi yesiRashiya, futhi ngokuzola uzodlala ngokushesha imisebenzi yomculo yanoma ibuphi ubunzima. ithuluzi. Futhi ngepiyano ngaphandle kwabo kuyoba nzima ngempela. Ama-guitarists ane-lifesaver, ebizwa ngokuthi i-tablature, ekhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi yikuphi ukukhathazeka nokuthi iyiphi intambo okudingeka uyibambe ukuze ukhiqize lokhu noma lowo msindo, kodwa, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lolu uhlelo lwakudala, kanye neziginci eziqeqeshiwe, futhi ngempela noma yibaphi abaculi basebenzisa amanothi.

Bheka ngokucophelela isithombe esingezansi, sibonisa konke ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka. Into yokuqala ozoyibona ikhibhodi yepiyano kanye nemibhalo engaphezulu kwayo.

enothini - lesi yisikali esihlukaniswe izingxenye ezilinganayo, i-octave eyodwa iqala ngenothi ethi Do futhi iphetha ngenothi C, inothi C elilandela ngemva kuka-C lizobhekisela ku-octave elandelayo.

Ngezansi ubona i-treble clef - ngenkathi uzosebenza nayo kakhulu. Kungenjalo kuthiwa Ukhiye kasawoti – inothi elivezwe eduze kwalo, njengoba nje kungenzima ukuqagela, i-Sol, i-nuance ebalulekile usawoti we-octave yokuqala. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokhiye, ezisetshenziselwa amanothi aphezulu, futhi futhi azifanele zonke izinsimbi. Kupiyano, amanothi aqoshwe kulo khiye azodlalwa ikakhulukazi ngesandla sokudla. Ngokungeziwe kupiyano, amanothi abhalwa kulo mthambo evayolini (yingakho igama), ezinsimbini zomculo eziningi ezifuthwayo, iziginci, futhi ngokuvamile ezinsimbini ezikhiqiza amanothi asuka ku-octave encane nangaphezulu.

Ukhiye wesibili osetshenziselwa upiyano ngu bass, noma Fa ukhiye (inothi liseduze nalo). Isetshenziswa kaningi kune-violin, futhi ekuqaleni ngeke uyisebenzise ngokugcwele, kodwa kamuva, ngobunzima bezingxenye, kuzodingeka udlale imigqa ye-bass ezoba ngaphansi kwe-octave encane (i-subcontroctave → counteroctave → enkulu i-octave → i-octave encane).

I-Bass iwumsindo ophansi, ngakho-ke ukhiye usetshenziswa izinsimbi ezinephimbo eliphansi, njenge-bass guitar, i-double bass, i-bassoon.

Okubalulekile: umehluko kuleli cala awuwona nje izimonyo - ku-stave, amanothi ku-bass clef azobhalwa futhi ahlelwe ngokuhlukile, kuzodingeka uwabambe ngekhanda ngokwehlukana, kodwa sizothinta i-bass clef kamuva.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zamanothi ukuthi awameleli nje kuphela ukuthi iyiphi inothi edlalwayo, kodwa nokuthi ubude bayo buyini. Wonke amanothi owabona ngenhla aphelele, okungukuthi, ahamba wonke ibhodi 

Iqhinga - ingxenye yomsebenzi phakathi kwemigqa emibili yebha ebekwe phambi kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amabhithi aqinile emculweni.

Nansi indlela umugqa webha ophakathi komsebenzi oboniswa ngayo:

Futhi yile ndlela umugqa webha wokugcina ovezwa ngayo, lapho umsebenzi uphela khona:

isigqi esinamandla - umvuthwandaba ngesilinganiso esisodwa, uhlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi inothi lidlalwa ngokuzwakalayo, into ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo ukuthi umculi uyagcizelela futhi umlaleli, ngisho engazi, uzoqonda ukuthi isiqephu siphelelaphi. Phela uzibambele mathupha ukuthi ngenkathi ulalele umculo ushaya ngesigqi ngonyawo ungathandi, ushaya itafula ngesineke, unqekuzise ikhanda uvumelane nesigqi somculo. Ikhanda ngalinye noma ukukhahlela kwakho kuyingxenye yesilinganiso (ngaphandle uma, kunjalo, uhlushwa i-arrhythmia, kodwa ngiyakungabaza).

Mayelana nobude besikhathi samanothi, isithombe sabo kuzoba lula kakhulu ukusikhumbula kunolwazi osuvele ulutholile.

Ungaqhubeka uma ufisa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Manje usunombono okha phezulu wokuthi amanothi anezikhathi ezihlukene abukeka kanjani, manje zama ukufinyelela ekugcineni kwawo ...

Amagama obude besikhathi, njengoba ubona, ayinkomba enkulu. Yonke indilinga edwetshwe ngenhla iyinothi eliphelele, lizwakala kubha yonkana. Inothi elinguhhafu, ngokulandelana, lincane ngokuphindwe kabili.

Ingxenye = ½ yonke

Okwesine = ½ uhhafu = ¼ okuphelele

Okwesishiyagalombili = ½ ikota = ¼ uhhafu = 1/8 ephelele

Ngokuvumelana nalokho, amanothi amaningi angalingana esilinganisweni angangena kulo mbuthano: awakwazi ukuqukatha, isibonelo, amanothi amabili uhhafu kanye nesishiyagalombili, angeke kube khona izingxenye ezinhlanu kwezine. Isamba asikwazi ukweqa okukodwa, okungukuthi, inothi eliphelele. Konke okunye kuzokhawulwa ngomcabango wakho kuphela:

Okuphelele = Ingxenye + Yesishiyagalombili + Yesishiyagalombili + Yesishiyagalombili + Yesishiyagalombili

Kuphelele uXNUMXd Okwesine + Kwesishiyagalombili + Ingxenye + Yesishiyagalombili ...

Njengoba ngike ngabhala, ubude besikhathi ngeke bukhawulelwe kwesishiyagalombili noma kweshumi nesithupha. 32s, 64s, ngisho 128s nangaphezulu (yize lokhu kungaphezu kwenganekwane).

Ngicabanga ukuthi uyalithola iphuzu...

Esilinganisweni ngasinye, inani elithile lamabhithi anesigqi lingatholakala.

Isihlalo sobukhosi - kufana nezimoto zesitimela ezinganela inani elithile labagibeli, isibonelo abantu abadala abangu-4 noma izingane ezingu-8 (usayizi 4/4). Zingaki zazo ezingangena kusigqi sibonisa usayizi.

Ngakho-ke, sinokuthinta okukodwa kokuqeda kwesokunxele - beat size.

Bheka futhi umdwebo ongenhla. Ukube bezingekho ezinye izici ezinomthelela ekwakhiweni komculo, ngabe siphila ezweni lapho ukwehla bekuyohlale kufana kuzo zonke izingoma, ezweni lapho bekungeke kube khona umculo womdanso, futhi ngokujwayelekile isigqi besiyoba kakhulu. mpofu.

Izinombolo ezibhalwe ngemva kokhiye zikhomba ukuthi yini beat size, okungukuthi, kangaki futhi ukusiphi isikhundla uzozwa isigqi esinamandla.

Inombolo yosayizi ongaphezulu kusho ukuthi mangaki amabhithi esikalini, futhi aphansi Ziyini ngokwesikhathi?

Izinketho zamadijithi aphansi:

• 1 - ngokuphelele
• 2 – ingxenye
• 4 - ikota
• 8 - lwesishiyagalombili
• 16 – eleshumi nesithupha
• 32 - amashumi amathathu nesibili, njll.

4/4 usayizi ovame kakhulu, wamukelwa njengereferensi. Lapho ngikhuluma ngobude benothi, bengikhuluma ngesiginesha yesikhathi esingu-4/4x. Lezi zibalo zisho ukuthi kukhona amabhithi angu-4 esilinganisweni futhi angama-quarter-beats ubude besikhathi.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona abanye, futhi non-standard. Kodwa nakuba ngingakuthwali kakhulu, okokuqala (futhi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele) lezi ezintathu zizokwanela:

Ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda, lapha, isibonelo, ukuthi ibha ku-2/4 ibukeka kanjani kumdwebo:

Njengoba ubona, isilinganiso sonke singu-½ ka-4/4 futhi, ngokufanelekile, singaphansi izikhathi ezi-2 kunenothi eliphelele, okungukuthi usayizi omkhulu kuwo uzoba uhhafu:

2/4 = 1 uhhafu = 2 kwezine = 4 isishiyagalombili

Njalo isigqi sesi-2 sizothathwa njengesigqi esiqinile.

Ku-¾, yonke into izoba nzima kakhulu:

¾ = 1 ingxenye + 1 yesine = 3 kwezine = 6 isishiyagalombili

Ngendlela, i-waltz idlalwa ngale ndlela! Kodwa lokhu akuyona into engaphezu kombuzo mayelana nomculo womdanso. Labo abekade bedansa bazongiqonda, futhi ngokuvamile, abaningi, ngicabanga ukuthi, bawuzwile lo musho, osevele waba nengqondo, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa: “Okukodwa, kubili, kuthathu! Kunye kubili kuthathu!". Yebo, yebo, lokhu kungu-¾.

Kodwa i-akhawunti enjalo ingatholakala futhi ngobukhulu be-3/8, futhi lapha ngeke sicabangele amakota, kodwa isishiyagalombili. Ngoba inombolo ephezulu isitshela ukuthi kukhona amabhithi angu-3 esilinganisweni, futhi inombolo engezansi isitshela ukuthi awawona amakota, kodwa ayisishiyagalombili ubude.

Ingxenye akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi igcwalise ibha ngokuphelele, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele kube nezikhala ezingenalutho, ikhefu, ukuze kube ncamashi. Ngokuqokwa kwabo, kunezimpawu ezikhethekile zokuthi, akukho lapho ungaya khona, kodwa kufanele ukhumbule. Khumbula futhi ukuthi uma kukhona ichashazi eligqamile eduze kwenothi, kusho ukuthi isikhathi selulwe ngesigamu!

Ngiyethemba nisasikhumbula isifundo sokuqala, lapho ngachaza khona ukuthi izikali zidlalwa kanjani.

Sihlaziye u-C omkhulu (C dur), u-F omkhulu (F dur), u-G omkhulu (G dur). Manje, ngemva kokuthola ulwazi olusha, ake sibone ukuthi lezi zikali zizobukeka kanjani (singenza ngaphandle kwe-C enkulu - yonke into isivele isobala lapho).

F okukhulu (F dur)

G omkhulu (G omkhulu)

Amaflethi nama-Sharps akhombisa amanothi ozowadlala kokhiye abamnyama…. Kodwa-ke, kufanele usuwazi konke, udlale izikali, akunjalo? Phela babedlala, akunjalo? Khumbula, ngiyakholelwa kuwe!

Ake sifinyeze futhi sibone ukuthi yini ongayifunda:

Lena ingoma elula evela enkulisa: "Isinkwa-isinkwa, khetha noma ubani ofuna!".

Vula ukukhipha:

1. Ekuqaleni kwengoma, i-clef ihlale ibekwe, kulokhu, i-clef treble.
2. Kunama-Sharps angu-2 ngemva kokhiye. Izingozi zibonisa ukhiye okudlalwa ngawo ucezu. Kulesi simo, ama-sharps kubasebenzi akubabusi C we-octave yesibili kanye no-F we-octave yesibili. Kulokhu siphetha ngokuthi ingoma idlalwa kukhiye ka-D major (ngiyaxolisa ngokungakwazi lokhu, angikakathinti lesi sikali ezifundweni).
3. 2/4 - ubona isignesha yesikhathi, okufanele ugxile kuyo futhi ungeqi imingcele yayo. Isigqi ngasinye esinamandla singesesibili.
4. Isithonjana sokumisa isikhashana - ikota yokuqala yengoma kufanele ihambe ngaphandle kokuphelezelwa upiyano.
5. Amanothi amabili esishiyagalombili ka-D we-octave yokuqala.
6. Umugqa wokungacunuli.
7. Ukuqala kwesilinganiso esilandelayo: amanothi angu-2 “ayisishiyagalombili” e-octave yokuqala ye-Sol, i-2th C ye-octave yokuqala.

Uma imicabango yakho iqondana nalokhu okungenhla, ngiyashesha ukukuhalalisela, uhamba ngendlela efanele. Uma ungazange uphumelele ngesikhathi esisodwa, ungadikibali - le nto inzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda kusukela ekuqaleni…. Kodwa, njengoba besho, indlela eyinhloko yokufunda okuthile iwukuprakthiza. Okokuqala, dlala izingoma ezilula zomculo weshidi, futhi, okubalulekile, zama ukucula amanothi owafundile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ube nomuntu onolwazi nokuzwa kahle eduze kwakho, ngoba uma "uhlambalaza", kuzokulimaza kuphela. Uma uzethemba ekulaleleni kwakho, qhubeka ... Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungagxila kupiyano lwakho - ngeke kukuvumele uqambe amanga ngezwi lakho.

Kancane kancane, uma ucula futhi udlala ngisho nezikali ezifanayo, izinga lakho lochwepheshe lizokhuphukela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi uzofunda amanothi ngokuzethemba okukhulu. Uyakhumbula ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni isisekelo. Lapho uyibeka phansi ngokuqinile, kuyoba lula ngawe ukuphila esikhathini esizayo. Okwamanje ... Ukubekezela kini, bangane bami, ukubekezela!

Namuhla, njengebhonasi, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uzilolonge ukukhomba amanothi usebenzisa leli. uhlelo lokufunda umculo.

Isifundo sethu esilandelayo, sesithathu sizosebenza ezikalini, izikhawu kanye neminye imiqondo umculi wepiyano wangomuso okudingeka azi ngayo.