Alexey Machavariani |

Alexey Machavariani

UMachavariani ungumqambi kazwelonke omangalisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inomqondo obukhali wesimanje. … UMachavariani unamandla okufeza ukuhlangana okuphilayo kokuhlangenwe nakho komculo kazwelonke nowangaphandle. K. Karaev

U-A. Machavariani ungomunye wabaqambi abakhulu baseGeorgia. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko bomculo we-republic kuxhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa negama lalo mculi. Emsebenzini wakhe, ubuhle nobuhle obubabazekayo be-polyphony yabantu, izingoma zasendulo zaseGeorgia kanye nobukhali, umfutho wezindlela zesimanje zokukhuluma zomculo zahlanganiswa.

UMachavariani wazalelwa eGori. Nansi i-Gori Teachers' Seminary edumile, eyadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imfundo eTranscaucasia (abaqambi u-U. Gadzhibekov noM. Magomayev bafunda khona). Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uMachavariani wayezungezwe umculo wesintu kanye nemvelo enhle ngendlela emangalisayo. Endlini kayise womqambi wesikhathi esizayo, owahola ikhwaya ye-amateur, abahlakaniphile baseGori bahlangana, izingoma zomdabu zazwakala.

Ngo-1936, uMachavariani waphothula eSifundazweni SaseTbilisi Conservatory ekilasini likaP. Ryazanov, kwathi ngo-1940, waphothula izifundo zakhe zeziqu eqondiswa yilo thisha ovelele. Ngo-1939, kwavela imisebenzi yokuqala ye-symphonic kaMachavariani - inkondlo ethi "Oak and Mosquitoes" kanye nenkondlo enengoma ethi "Gorian Pictures".

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umqambi wabhala ikhonsathi yopiyano (1944), uD. Shostakovich athi ngayo: “Umbhali wayo ungumculi osemusha futhi ngokungangabazeki onesiphiwo. Unobuntu bakhe bokudala, isitayela somqambi wakhe. I-opera Umama neNdodana (1945, esekelwe enkondlweni yegama elifanayo lika-I. Chavchavadze) yaba impendulo ezenzakalweni zeMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kamuva, umqambi wayezobhala inkondlo ye-ballad-Arsen yabacula yedwa kanye nekwaya i-cappella (1946), i-First Symphony (1947) kanye nenkondlo ye-orchestra nekhwaya ethi On the Death of a Hero (1948).

Ngo-1950, uMachavariani wadala i-Violin Concerto ye-lyrical-romantic, eye yangena ngokuqinile ku-repertoire yabadlali baseSoviet nabangaphandle.

I-oratorio ebabazekayo ethi "The Day of My Motherland" (1952) icula ngokusebenza ngokuthula, ubuhle bezwe lendabuko. Lo mjikelezo wezithombe zomculo, ogcwele izici ze-symphonism yohlobo, usekelwe ezintweni zezingoma zomdabu, ezihunyushwe emoyeni wothando. Imfoloko yokuhlela imizwa ngokomfanekiso, uhlobo lwe-epigraph ye-oratorio, iyingxenye ye-lyric-landscape 1, ebizwa ngokuthi "Morning of my Motherland".

Indikimba yobuhle bemvelo nayo iqukethwe ezingomeni zezinsimbi zikaMachavariani: emdlalweni othi "Khorumi" (1949) naku-ballad "Bazalet Lake" (1951) yepiyano, kuma-violin miniature "Doluri", "Lazuri". ” (1962). "Omunye wemisebenzi ephawulekayo yomculo waseGeorgia" ebizwa ngokuthi i-K. Karaev Izingoma ezinhlanu ze-baritone ne-orchestra ku-st. V. Pshavela (1968).

Indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini kaMachavariani ibanjwe yi-ballet u-Othello (1957), ehlelwe ngu-V. Chabukiani esiteji se-Tbilisi State Academic Opera ne-Ballet Theatre ngonyaka ofanayo. U-A. Khachaturian wabhala ukuthi ku-“Othello” Machavariani “uziveza ehlome ngokugcwele njengomqambi, umcabango, isakhamuzi.” I-dramaturgy yomculo yale drama ye-choreographic isekelwe ohlelweni olubanzi lwe-leitmotifs, oluguqulwa ngokuhambisana nenqubo yentuthuko. Efaka izithombe zomsebenzi kaW. Shakespeare, uMachavariani ukhuluma ulimi lomculo lukazwelonke futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo udlulela ngaphesheya kwemingcele yokuhlanganiswa kwe-ethnographic. Isithombe sika-Othello ku-ballet sihluke ngandlela thile emthonjeni wemibhalo. U-Machavariani wamsondeza ngangokunokwenzeka emfanekisweni we-Desdemona - uphawu lobuhle, ukufaneleka kobufazi, okuhlanganisa abalingiswa abalingiswa abayinhloko ngendlela yomculo neyokuveza. Umqambi ubuye abhekisele kuShakespeare ku-opera Hamlet (1974). U-K. Karaev wabhala:

Umcimbi ovelele esikweni lomculo we-republic kwakuyi-ballet ethi "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (1974) esekelwe enkondlweni ka-S. Rustaveli. U-A. Machavariani uthi: “Ngesikhathi ngisebenza kulo, ngathola injabulo ekhethekile. - "Inkondlo ye-Rustaveli enkulu inikela ngemali ebizayo engcebweni yezomoya yabantu baseGeorgia," ucingo lwethu kanye nesibhengezo ", ngamazwi embongi." Isebenzisa izindlela zesimanje zokukhuluma zomculo (isu le-serial, inhlanganisela ye-polyharmonic, ukwakheka kwe-modal eyinkimbinkimbi), i-Machavariani ekuqaleni ihlanganisa amasu okuthuthukiswa kwe-polyphonic ne-polyphony yaseGeorgia.

Ngawo-80s. umqambi uyasebenza. Ubhala Okwesithathu, Okwesine ( "Intsha") Symphonies Wesihlanu nowesithupha, ballet "The Taming of the Shrew", okuyinto, kanye ballet "Othello" kanye opera "Hamlet", eyakha triptych Shakespearean. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze - i-Seventh Symphony, i-ballet "Pirosmani".

“Umculi weqiniso uhlale esendleleni. … Ukudala kungumsebenzi kanye nenjabulo, injabulo engenakuqhathaniswa yeciko. Umqambi omuhle waseSoviet u-Alexei Davidovich Machavariani naye unayo le njabulo ”(K. Karaev).

N. Aleksenko