I-Saz: incazelo yensimbi, isakhiwo, ukwakhiwa, umlando, indlela yokudlala, ukusetshenziswa

Phakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo ezivela eMpumalanga, i-saz ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile. Izinhlobo zayo zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Asia - Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Afghanistan. E-Russia, isivakashi sasempumalanga sikhona emasikweni amaTatars, Bashkirs.

Yini i-saz

Igama lensimbi livela olimini lwesiPheresiya. Kwakungabantu basePheresiya, cishe, owayengumkhiqizi wemodeli yokuqala. Umdali uhlale engaziwa, i-saz ithathwa njengeqanjwe ngabantu.

Namuhla elithi “saz” igama eliyiqoqo lalo lonke iqembu lezinsimbi ezinezici ezifanayo:

• umzimba ogqamile omise okwepheya;
• intamo ende eqondile;
• ikhanda elifakwe ama-frets;
• inombolo ehlukene yezintambo.

Insimbi yomculo ihlobene ne-lute futhi ingeyomndeni we-tambour. Uhlu lwamamodeli wesimanje cishe ama-octave ama-2. Umsindo umnene, ukhala, umnandi.

Ukwakheka

Isakhiwo silula, cishe asishintshile phakathi namakhulu eminyaka yokuba khona kwaleli thuluzi elinezintambo:

• chassis. Ngokhuni, ejulile, emise okwepheya, enengaphambili eliyisicaba kanye nengemuva eliyi-convex.
• Intamo (intamo). Ingxenye ekhuphukela phezulu isuka emzimbeni, iyisicaba noma iyindilinga. Kuboshwe izintambo ngakhona. Inani lezintambo liyahlukahluka, kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi: I-Armenia ifakwe izintambo ezingu-6-8, i-Turkish saz - izintambo ezingu-6-7, i-Dagestan - izintambo ezingu-2. Kunamamodeli anezintambo ezingu-11, izintambo ezi-4.
• Head. Isondelene kahle nentamo. Ingxenye engaphambili ifakwe ama-frets asebenzela ukushuna insimbi. Inani lama-frets liyahlukahluka: kukhona okuhlukile nge-10, 13, 18 frets.

Production

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ayilula, inzima kakhulu. Imininingwane ngayinye idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinkuni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufeza umsindo ophelele, ukuthola ithuluzi langempela elihambisana namasiko asendulo asempumalanga.

Amakhosi asebenzisa izinkuni ze-walnut, izinkuni zikamalibhele. Indaba yomiswe kahle ngaphambili, ukuba khona komswakama akwamukeleki. Umzimba omise okwepheya unikezwa kancane ngokugoba, kaningi ngokuhlanganisa, ukuxhuma izingxenye ngazinye. Kuthatha inombolo eyinqaba yama-rivets afanayo (ngokuvamile angu-9 athathwa) ukuze uthole umumo oyifunayo, usayizi wecala.

Intamo ibekwe ohlangothini oluncane lomzimba. Ikhanda lifakwa entanyeni, lapho ama-frets aphindwa khona. Kusele ukuhlanganisa izintambo - manje insimbi isilungele ukuzwakala ngokugcwele.

Umlando wethuluzi

IPheresiya yasendulo ibhekwa njengezwe lakubo. Insimbi efanayo ebizwa nge-tanbur yachazwa umculi wasendulo u-Abdulgadir Maragi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Insimbi yasempumalanga yaqala ukufana nohlobo lwesimanje lwe-saz ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX - lesi isiphetho esenziwe ezifundweni zakhe yisazi sobuciko sase-Azerbaijani u-Mejun Karimov.

I-Saz ingelinye lamathuluzi amadala kakhulu abantu baseTurkey. Yayisetshenziselwa ukuphelezela abaculi ababelandisa ngezenzakalo zomlando, becula izingoma zothando, ama-ballads.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamamodeli we-vintage kwakuyibhizinisi elide kakhulu. Ukuzama ukuletha isihlahla esimweni esifanele, impahla yomiswa iminyaka eminingana.

I-saz yase-Azerbaijani yayisakazeke kakhulu. Kulaba bantu, sekuyisici esibalulekile sama-ashug - abaculi bomdabu, ababalisi bezindaba ababephelezela ukucula, izindaba mayelana nezenzo zamaqhawe ngemisindo emnandi yomculo.

Amamodeli okuqala e-saz ayemancane ngosayizi, anezintambo ezingu-2-3 ezenziwe ngemicu yesilika, ihhashi. Kamuva, imodeli yanda ngosayizi: umzimba, intamo inwetshiwe, inani lama-frets nezintambo landa. Noma yibuphi ubuzwe babufuna “ukulungisa” ukwakheka ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yabo yomculo. Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zaziyisicaba, zeluliwe, zafushaniswa, zanikezwa imininingwane eyengeziwe. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zaleli thuluzi.

I-Tatar Saz yethulwa ekunakekeleni kwezivakashi eMnyuziyamu Womlando Namasiko wamaTatars aseCrimea (idolobha laseSimferopol). Imodeli yakudala isuka ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX.

Idlalwa kanjani i-saz

Izinhlobo zezintambo zidlalwa ngezindlela ezi-2:

• usebenzisa iminwe yezandla zombili;
• usebenzisa, ngaphezu kwezandla, amadivaysi akhethekile.

Abaculi abangochwepheshe bakhiqiza umsindo nge-plectrum (khetha) eyenziwe ngezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokhuni. Ukuhlwitha izintambo nge-plectrum kukuvumela ukuthi udlale indlela ye-tremolo. Kukhona ama-plectrums enziwe ngokhuni lwe-cherry.

Ukuze umenzi angakhathali ngokusebenzisa isandla sakhe, umzimba wawufakwe ibhande lokuvimbela: uphonswe phezu kwehlombe, kwenza kube lula ukubamba isakhiwo endaweni yesifuba. Umculi uzizwa enenkululeko, ugxile ngokugcwele ohlelweni lokudlala.

Ukusebenzisa

Abaculi benkathi ephakathi babesebenzisa i-saz cishe yonke indawo:

• baphakamisa umoya wezempi webutho, belindele impi;
• ukubungaza izivakashi emishadweni, emikhosini, emaholidini;
• izinkondlo ezihambisanayo, izinganekwane zabaculi basemgwaqweni;
• wayengumngane obalulekile wabelusi, akazange abavumele ukuba bacikeke lapho benza imisebenzi.

Namuhla liyilungu elibalulekile lama-orchestra, ahlanganisa umculo wesintu: isi-Azerbaijani, isi-Armenia, isiTatar. Ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nomtshingo, izinsimbi zomoya, iyakwazi ukuhambisana nomculo oyinhloko noma i-solo. Amakhono ayo obuchwepheshe, obuciko ayakwazi ukudlulisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemizwa, yingakho abaqambi abaningi baseMpumalanga bebhala umculo we-saz enezwi elimnandi.