Daniel Barenboim |

Daniel Barenboim

Manje kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi umculi wezinsimbi owaziwayo noma umculi, efuna ukwandisa ububanzi bakhe, uphendukela ekuqhubeni, okwenza kube umsebenzi wakhe wesibili. Kodwa kunezimo ezimbalwa lapho umculi kusukela esemncane ezibonakalisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindaweni eziningana. Omunye ngaphandle kukaDaniel Barenboim. Uthi: “Lapho ngicula njengomdlali wopiyano, ngilwela ukubona i-orchestra ophiyano, futhi lapho ngimi ku-console, i-orchestra kimi ibonakala njengopiyano.” Impela, kunzima ukusho ukuthi ukweleta ini ngokukhuphuka kwakhe kwe-meteoric kanye nodumo lwakhe lwamanje.

Ngokwemvelo, upiyano lwalusekhona ngaphambi kokuba luculwe. Abazali, othisha ngokwabo (abavela eRussia) baqala ukufundisa indodana yakhe kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala eBuenos Aires, lapho yaqala ukubonakala khona esiteji eneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Futhi ngo-1952, uDaniel wayesevele edlala neMozarteum Orchestra eSalzburg, edlala i-Bach's Concerto ku-D minor. Umfana waba nenhlanhla: wathathwa ngaphansi kokugadwa ngu-Edwin Fischer, owameluleka ukuba aqale ukuqhuba indlela. Kusukela ngo-1956, umculi wayehlala eLondon, njalo eyenziwa lapho njengoba umdlali wopiyano, wenza izinkambo eziningana, wathola imiklomelo D. Viotti futhi A. Casella imincintiswano e-Italy. Ngalesi sikhathi, wathatha izifundo ku-Igor Markovich, uJosef Krips noNadia Boulanger, kodwa uyise wahlala yedwa uthisha wepiyano kuye impilo yakhe yonke.

Kakade ekuqaleni kwawo-60s, ngandlela-thile ngokungabonakali, kodwa ngokushesha okukhulu, inkanyezi kaBarenboim yaqala ukuphakama emkhathizwe womculo. Unikeza amakhonsathi njengomdlali wopiyano nanjengomqhubi, uqopha amarekhodi amaningana amahle kakhulu, okukhona kuwo wonke amakhonsathi ka-Beethoven kanye ne-Fantasia yopiyano, ikhwaya ne-orchestra adonse ukunaka okukhulu. Yiqiniso, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi u-Otto Klemperer wayengemuva kwekhonsoli. Kwakuwudumo olukhulu kumdlali wopiyano osemusha, futhi wenza konke ukuze abhekane nomsebenzi okumelwe awenze. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kulokhu okuqoshiwe, ubuntu bukaKlemperer, imiqondo yakhe eyisikhumbuzo iyabusa; umdlali ocula yedwa, njengoba kwaphawulwa omunye wabagxeki, “wenza umthungo ohlanzekile ngokopiyano kuphela.” “Akukacaci kahle ukuthi kungani uKlemperer edinga upiyano kulokhu kuqoshwa,” kubhuqa omunye umbuyekezi.

Ngamafuphi, umculi osemusha wayesekude nokuvuthwa kokudala. Noma kunjalo, abagxeki abazange bahloniphe nje kuphela ikhono lakhe elikhazimulayo, "iparele" langempela, kodwa futhi ekuqondeni nasekuvezeni imisho yemisho, ukubaluleka kwemibono yakhe. Ukuhumusha kwakhe i-Mozart, nokungathi sína kwayo, kwavusa ubuciko bukaClara Haskil, futhi ubudoda bomdlalo bamenza wabona i-Beethovenist esezingeni eliphezulu ngombono. Ngaleso sikhathi (ngoJanuwari-February 1965), uBarenboim wenza uhambo olude, cishe inyanga yonke ezungeze i-USSR, eyenziwa eMoscow, eLeningrad, eVilnius, eYalta nakwamanye amadolobha. Wenza i-Beethoven's Third and Fifth Concertos, Brahms 'First, imisebenzi emikhulu kaBeethoven, Schumann, Schubert, Brahms, kanye nezithombe ezincane zika-Chopin. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi lolu hambo aluzange lunakwe - khona-ke u-Barenboim wayengakazungezwe i-halo yenkazimulo ...

Khona-ke umsebenzi wopiyano kaBarenboim waqala ukuncipha kancane. Iminyaka eminingana ecishe engadlali, enikeza isikhathi sakhe esiningi ekuqhubeni, wahola i-English Chamber Orchestra. Waphatha lesi sakamuva hhayi kuphela ku-console, kodwa futhi ensimbini, ngemva kokucula, phakathi kwezinye izinto, cishe wonke amakhonsathi kaMozart. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-70s, ukudlala nokudlala upiyano kuye kwathatha cishe indawo elinganayo emisebenzini yakhe. Udlala ku-console yama-orchestra amahle kakhulu emhlabeni, isikhathi esithile uhola i-Paris Symphony Orchestra futhi, kanye nalokhu, usebenza kakhulu njengomdlali wopiyano. Manje uye wanqwabelana repertoire omkhulu, kuhlanganise wonke amakhonsathi kanye sonatas of Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, imisebenzi eminingi Liszt, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Schumann. Ake sengeze ukuthi wayengomunye wabadlali bokuqala bangaphandle be-Prokofiev's Ninth Sonata, waqopha ikhonsathi ye-violin kaBeethoven ohlelweni lwepiyano lombhali (yena ngokwakhe wayeqhuba i-orchestra).

U-Barenboim uhlala edlala njengomdlali ohlangene noFischer-Dieskau, umculi u-Baker, iminyaka eminingana edlala nomkakhe, umculi we-cellist u-Jacqueline Dupré (osesishiyile manje isiteji ngenxa yokugula), kanye nabathathu naye kanye no-violinist P. Zuckerman. Umcimbi ophawulekayo empilweni yekhonsathi yaseLondon kwakuwumjikelezo wamakhonsathi omlando "Izingcweti Zomculo Wepiyano" owanikezwa nguye esuka eMozart eya eLiszt (isizini 1979/80). Konke lokhu kaningi kuqinisekisa idumela eliphezulu lomculi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusekhona umuzwa wohlobo oluthile lokunganeliseki, wamathuba angasetshenzisiwe. Udlala njengomculi onekhono kanye nomshayi wepiyano omuhle kakhulu, ucabanga “njengomqhubi wepiyano”, kodwa ukudlala kwakhe kusantula umoya, amandla okuthonya adingekayo kumdlali ohamba yedwa omkhulu, yiqiniso, uma usondela kukho nge-yardstick. ithalente elimangalisayo lalo mculi liyaphakamisa. Kubukeka sengathi nanamuhla ithalente lakhe lithembisa abathandi bomculo okungaphezu kwalokho elibanika kona, okungenani endimeni yomculo wopiyano. Mhlawumbe lokhu kucatshangelwa kwaqiniswa kuphela izingxabano ezintsha ngemva kohambo lwakamuva lomdwebi e-USSR, kokubili ngezinhlelo eziyedwa kanye nenhloko ye-Paris Orchestra.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990