Issay Dobrowen |

Issay Dobrowen

Igama langempela nesibongo - Yitzchok Zorakhovich Barabeychik. Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 wadlala njengomdlali wopiyano. Ngo-1901-11 wafunda eMoscow Conservatory nge AA Yaroshevsky, KN Igumnov (ikilasi upiyano). Ngo-1911-12 wenza ngcono eSikoleni Sokufunda Okuphakeme e-Academy of Music and Performing Arts eVienna no-L. Goddowsky. Ngo-1917-21 uprofesa eMoscow Philharmonic School, ekilasini lepiyano.

Njengomqhubi, wenza i-debut yakhe e-Theatre. VF Komissarzhevskaya (1919), eqhutshwa e-Bolshoi Theatre eMoscow (1921-22). Udlale uhlelo lwekhonsathi ye-VI Lenin endlini ye-EP Peshkova, kuhlanganise no-L. Beethoven's sonata "Appassionata". Kusukela ngo-1923 wahlala phesheya, wenza njengoba umqhubi we-symphony amakhonsathi kanye opera izindlu (kuhlanganise Dresden State Opera, lapho ngo-1923 wenza ukukhiqizwa lokuqala eJalimane Boris Godunov). Ngo-1 ube ngumqhubi wokuqala weBolshoi Volksoper eBerlin kanye nomqondisi weDresden Philharmonic Concerts. Ngo-1924-1, umqondisi womculo we-State Opera eSofia. Ngo-1927 wayengumqhubi oyinhloko weKhonsathi Yomnyuziyamu eFrankfurt am Main.

Ngo-1931-35 umholi we-symphony orchestra eSan Francisco (izinkathi ezi-2), odlalwa nama-orchestra amaningi, kuhlanganise neMinneapolis, eNew York, ePhiladelphia. Wavakashela njengomqhubi emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, kuhlanganise ne-Italy, iHungary, iSweden (ngo-1941-45 waqondisa iRoyal Opera eStockholm). Kusukela ngo-1948 wadlala eLa Scala Theatre (Milan).

I-Dobrovein yayihlukaniswa isiko lomculo eliphakeme, ubuciko be-orchestra, umuzwa oyingqayizivele wesigqi, ubuciko kanye nesimo sengqondo esikhanyayo. Umbhali wemisebenzi eminingi emoyeni we-Romantics kanye ne-AN Scriabin, phakathi kwabo kukhona izinkondlo, ama-ballads, imidanso nezinye izingcezu zepiyano, ikhonsathi yopiyano ne-orchestra; 2 i-sonatas yepiyano (yesi-2 inikezelwe ku-Scriabin) kanye nezi-2 ze-violin nopiyano; izingcezu ze-violin (ngepiyano); ezothando, umculo weshashalazi.

Ezweni lakithi, i-Dobrovein yaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengomdlali wopiyano. Ngemva kokuphothula eMoscow Conservatory, umfundi kaTaneyev no-Igumnov, wathuthuka eVienna noL. Godovsky futhi ngokushesha wazuza udumo lwaseYurophu. Kakade ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, uDobrovein waba nelungelo lokudlala efulethini likaGorky kuVladimir Ilyich Lenin, owazisa kakhulu ubuciko bakhe. Umculi ugcine inkumbulo yomhlangano noLenin impilo yakhe yonke. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ekhokha intela kumholi omkhulu wenguquko, u-Dobrovein wenza ikhonsathi eBerlin ehlelwe yinxusa laseSoviet ngosuku lokufa kuka-Ilyich ...

U-Dobrovein wenza i-debut yakhe njengomqhubi ngo-1919 e-Bolshoi Theatre. Impumelelo yakhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu wamenywa eDresden ukuze aqhube imidlalo ye-opera. Kusukela lapho, amashumi amathathu eminyaka - kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe - u-Dobrovein wachitha phesheya, ekuzuleni okuqhubekayo nasezinkambweni. Yonke indawo wayaziwa futhi waziswa ngokuyinhloko njengomsakazi oshisekayo kanye nomhumushi omuhle kakhulu womculo waseRussia. Ngisho naseDresden, ukunqoba kwangempela kwamlethela ukukhiqizwa kuka "Boris Godunov" - owokuqala esiteji saseJalimane. Wabe ephinda le mpumelelo eBerlin, futhi kamuva - ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili - uToscanini wamema uDobrovijn eLa Scala, lapho aqhuba khona uBoris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Prince Igor izinkathi ezintathu (1949-1951). ”, “Kitezh”, “Firebird”, “Scheherazade” …

I-Dobrovein ihambe emhlabeni wonke. Uke waqhuba ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi nasemahholo ekhonsathi eRome, Venice, Budapest, Stockholm, Sofia, Oslo, Helsinki, New York, San Francisco kanye nenqwaba yamanye amadolobha. Ngama-30s, umculi wasebenza isikhathi esithile eMelika, kodwa wehluleka ukuzinza emhlabeni webhizinisi lomculo futhi wabuyela eYurophu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kule minyaka eyishumi nengxenye edlule, u-Dobrovijn ubehlala eSweden ikakhulukazi, ehola imidlalo yeshashalazi ne-orchestra e-Gothenburg, edlala njalo eStockholm nakwamanye amadolobha aseScandinavia nakulo lonke elaseYurophu. Phakathi nale minyaka, wenza ukuqoshwa okuningi kumarekhodi emisebenzi yomculo waseRussia (kuhlanganise namakhonsathi kaMedtner nombhali njengomculi ohamba yedwa), kanye nama-symphonies kaBrahms. Lokhu okurekhodiwe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzwa ukuthi yayiyini imfihlo charm yobuciko umqhubi: incazelo yakhe iheha freshness, ngokushesha ngokomzwelo, showiness, ngezinye izikhathi, nokho, egqoke umlingiswa wangaphandle. UDobrovein wayeyindoda enamakhono amaningi. Ukusebenza ezindlini ze-opera zaseYurophu, akazange abonise nje umqhubi wekilasi lokuqala, kodwa futhi njengomqondisi onesiphiwo. Wabhala i-opera ethi “1001 Nights” kanye nenani lezingoma zepiyano.

"Contemporary Conductor", M. 1969.