Indlela yokukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo (ikhadi lomsindo)

Okuqukethwe

Isiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo esidingekayo: ukukhetha ngamapharamitha
Inani lokungenayo/okuphumayo
Uhlobo lokuxhuma
Ikhwalithi yomsindo
Indlela yokukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo
Izibonelo ze-Audio Interface

Kungani udinga isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo? Ikhompyutha isivele inekhadi lomsindo elakhelwe ngaphakathi, kungani ungayisebenzisi? Ngokuvamile, yebo, lokhu futhi kuyi-interface, kodwa ye umsebenzi onzima ngomsindo, amakhono ekhadi lomsindo elakhelwe ngaphakathi awanele. I-Flat, umsindo oshibhile nokuxhumana okulinganiselwe kwenza kucishe kungabi namsebenzi uma kukhulunywa ngakho ukuqopha nokucutshungulwa umculo.

Amakhadi amaningi omsindo ajwayelekile akhelwe ngaphakathi afakwe okokufaka komugqa owodwa wokuxhuma isidlali somsindo nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Njengomphumela, kukhona, njengomthetho, okukhiphayo kwama-headphone kanye / noma izikhulumi zasendlini.

Ngisho noma ungenazo izinhlelo ezinkulu futhi ufuna ukurekhoda izwi lakho kuphela noma, isibonelo, isiginci sikagesi, amakhadi akhelwe ngaphakathi kalula. azinazo izixhumi ezidingekayo . A Imakrofoni kudinga i- XLR isixhumi , futhi isiginci sidinga okokufaka kwensimbi ye-hi-Z ( impedance ephezulu okokufaka). Uzodinga futhi ukuphuma kwekhwalithi ephezulu okuzokuvumela ukuthi uqaphe futhi lungisa ukurekhoda kwakho usebenzisa izipikha kanye/noma ama-headphone. Imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu izoqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha komsindo ngaphandle komsindo ongaphandle nokuhlanekezelwa, ngamavelu e-latency aphansi - okungukuthi, ezingeni elingatholakali kumakhadi amaningi omsindo ajwayelekile.

Kulesi sihloko, ochwepheshe besitolo "Umfundi" bazokutshela indlela yokukhetha ikhadi lomsindo okudingayo, futhi ungakhokhi ngokweqile ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Isiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo esidingekayo: ukukhetha ngamapharamitha

Ukukhethwa kwe-interfaces kuhle, kukhona ezimbalwa izici ezibalulekile okufanele ugxile kukho lapho ukhetha imodeli efanelekile. Ngakho zibuze imibuzo:

Mangaki okokufaka okulalelwayo/okuphumayo komsindo engikudingayo?
Hlobo luni lokuxhuma kukhompuyutha/amadivayisi angaphandle engiludingayo?
Iyiphi ikhwalithi yomsindo ezongifanela?
Ngizimisele ukusebenzisa malini?

Inani lokungenayo/okuphumayo

Lokhu kungenye kakhulu ezibalulekile ukucatshangelwa lapho ukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo. Kunezinketho eziningi futhi zonke zihlukile. Amamodeli ezinga lokungena ayizixhumi ezibonakalayo zedeskithophu ezineziteshi ezimbili ezikwazi ukurekhoda kanyekanye kuphela ezimbili imithombo yomsindo ku-mono noma eyodwa kusitiriyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlelo ezinamandla ezikwazi ukucubungula amashumi amaningana kanye namakhulu eziteshi ezinenani elikhulu lomsindo. Konke kuncike kulokho ohlela ukurekhoda - manje nasesikhathini esizayo.

Kubabhali bezingoma abasebenzisayo imibhobho ukurekhoda izwi nesiginci, i-pair of balanced Imakrofoni okokufaka kwanele. Uma enye ye imibhobho iwuhlobo lwe-condenser, uzodinga okokufaka okunamandla e-phantom. Uma ufuna ukuqopha kokubili isiginci se-stereo namazwi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okokufaka okubili ngeke kwanele , uzodinga isixhumi esibonakalayo esinokufakwayo okune. Uma uhlela ukurekhoda isiginci sikagesi, isiginci se-bass, noma okhiye be-electronic ngqo kudivayisi yokurekhoda, uzodinga high-impedance okokufaka kwensimbi (okubhalwe ukuthi hi-Z)

Udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imodeli yesixhumi esibonakalayo esikhethiwe iyahambisana nekhompyutha yakho . Yize amamodeli amaningi esebenza kuzo zombili i-MAC ne-PC, amanye ahambisana kuphela nengxenyekazi eyodwa noma enye.

Uhlobo lokuxhuma

Ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha ekudumeni kokuqoshwa komsindo ngamakhompuyutha namadivayisi we-iOS, izixhumanisi zokulalelwayo zesimanje ziklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuhambisana okuphelele nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkundla, izinhlelo zokusebenza nesofthiwe. Ngezansi kukhona okuvame kakhulu izinhlobo zokuxhuma:

I-USB: Namuhla, izimbobo ze-USB 2.0 kanye ne-3.0 ziyatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amakhompyutha. Iningi lezindawo zokusebenzelana ze-USB zinikwa amandla ngokuqondile kwi-PC noma kwenye idivayisi yomsingathi, okwenza kube lula ukusetha iseshini yokurekhoda. Amadivayisi we-iOS nawo axhumana ngokuyinhloko nezindawo zomsindo ngembobo ye-USB.

I-FireWire : itholakala kakhulu kumakhompyutha e-MAC nasemamodelini esixhumi esibonakalayo aklanyelwe ukusebenza namadivayisi we-Apple. Ihlinzeka ngamanani aphezulu wokudlulisa idatha futhi ilungele ukuqoshwa kweziteshi eziningi. Abanikazi be-PC bangaphinda basebenzise leli chweba ngokufaka ibhodi lokunweba elizinikele.

Imbobo ye-Firewire

Thunderbolt : Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuxhumanisa ngesivinini esiphezulu obuvela ku-Intel. Kuze kube manje, ama-Mac akamuva kuphela aneThunderbolt port, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa kuma-PC afakwe ngokuzikhethela Thunderbolt ikhadi . Imbobo entsha iletha amanani edatha aphezulu kanye nokubambezeleka kokucubungula okuphansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile ngokwekhwalithi yomsindo wekhompyutha.

Imbobo ye-Thunderbolt

PCI e ( PCI Express): itholakala kuphela kumakhompuyutha edeskithophu, ngoba lena imbobo yangaphakathi yekhadi lomsindo. Ukuze uxhume i-PCI Ikhadi lomsindo lidinga imahhala elifanele PCI e slot, engatholakali njalo. Izixhumanisi zomsindo ezisebenza nge PCI ama-e afakwe endaweni ekhethekile ngqo ku-motherboard yekhompyutha futhi angashintshanisa idatha nayo ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu okungenzeka.

Ikhadi lomsindo le-ESI Julia elinokuxhumana kwe-PCIe

ESI Julia ikhadi lomsindo nge PCIe Uxhumano

Ikhwalithi yomsindo

Ikhwalithi yomsindo yesixhumi esibonakalayo sakho somsindo kuncike ngqo ngentengo yayo. Ngokufanelekile, amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu afakwe iziguquli zedijithali kanye i-mic ama-preamps awashibhile. Nokho, nakho konke ukuthi , uma singakhulumi ngokuqoshwa komsindo nokuxuba ezingeni lesitudiyo sochwepheshe, ungathola amamodeli ahloniphekile ngentengo efanelekile. Esitolo se-inthanethi se-Pupil, ungasetha isihlungi sosesho ngentengo bese ukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo ngokuya ngesabelomali sakho. Amapharamitha alandelayo athinta ikhwalithi yomsindo iyonke:

Ukujula kancane: ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwedijithali, isignali ye-analog iguqulelwa kudijithali, okungukuthi ibe bits kanye namabhayithi olwazi. Kalula nje, kulapho ukujula okuncane kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo (okuningi bits ), ukunemba okuphezulu komsindo orekhodiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nowokuqala. Ukunemba kuleli cala kubhekisela ekutheni "idijithi" ikhiqiza kanjani ama-nuances ashukumisayo omsindo ngaphandle komsindo ongadingekile.

I-conventional audio compact disc (CD) isebenzisa i-16 - kancane ukubethela komsindo ukunikeza a ububanzi obunamandla awu 96db. Ngeshwa, izinga lomsindo ekurekhodweni komsindo wedijithali liphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke 16- Kancane okurekhodiwe kuzobonisa umsindo nakanjani ezigabeni ezithule. 24 - kancane ukujula kancane isibe indinganiso yokuqoshwa komsindo wedijithali yesimanje , okunikeza a ububanzi obunamandla ye-144 dB lapho ungekho cishe noma yimuphi umsindo kanye ne-amplitude enhle uhla ngokurekhoda okuqhathanisayo. Abangama-24 - kancane isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo sikuvumela ukuthi urekhode ezingeni lochwepheshe kakhulu.

Izinga lesampula (Isilinganiso sesampula): uma kuqhathaniswa, leli inani “lezithombe ezifinyeziwe” zedijithali zomsindo ngeyunithi yesikhathi. Inani likalwa nge-hertz ( Hz ). Izinga lesampula le i-CD ejwayelekile ingu-44.1 kHz, okusho ukuthi idivayisi yakho yomsindo wedijithali icubungula "izifinyezo" ezingu-44,100 zesignali yomsindo engenayo ngomzuzwana ongu-1. Ngokombono, lokhu kusho ukuthi isistimu yokurekhoda iyakwazi ukuthola imvamisa ku ububanzi e kufika ku-22.5 kHz, ephakeme kakhulu kuno ububanziukuqonda kwendlebe yomuntu. Nokho, eqinisweni, yonke into ayilula kangako. Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni yezobuchwepheshe, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengoba ucwaningo lubonisa, ngokwenyuka kwezinga lamasampula, ikhwalithi yomsindo iba ngcono kakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu, ama-studio amaningi ochwepheshe enza ukuqoshwa komsindo ngesilinganiso samasampula esingu-48, 96 ngisho no-192 kHz.

Uma usunqume ikhwalithi yomsindo oyifunayo, umbuzo olandelayo uphakama ngokuzenzakalelayo: uhlose ukuwusebenzisa kanjani umculo orekhodiwe. Uma uhlela ukwenza amademo futhi wabelane ngawo nabangani noma abaculi osebenza nabo, bese kuba ngu-16 - kancane /44.1kHz isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo siyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Uma izinhlelo zakho zifaka ukurekhodwa kwezentengiso, ukucutshungulwa kwephonogram yesitudiyo namanye amaphrojekthi angaphezulu noma amancane, sikweluleka ukuthi uthenge i-24 - kancane isikhombimsebenzisi esinemvamisa yesampula engu-96 kHz ukuze uthole umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu.