URenato Bruson (Renato Bruson) |

URenato bruson

URenato Bruzon, ongomunye wama-baritones ase-Italy adume kakhulu, ugubha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa luka-2010 ngoJanuwari XNUMX. Impumelelo nozwelo lomphakathi, osekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, ikufanele. UBruzon, ongowokuzalwa e-Este (eduze kwasePadua, uhlala edolobheni lakubo kuze kube namuhla), uthathwa njengenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Verdi baritones. UNabucco wakhe, uCharles V, uMacbeth, uRigoletto, uSimon Boccanegra, uRodrigo, u-Iago no-Falstaff baphelele futhi badlule endaweni yenganekwane. Wenza umnikelo ongenakulibaleka ku-Donizetti-Renaissance futhi ugxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwegumbi.

U-Renato Bruzon ungaphezu kwakho konke ukucula okukhethekile. Ubizwa ngokuthi "i-belkantist" enkulu kunazo zonke esikhathini sethu. I-timbre ye-Bruzon ingabhekwa njengenye ye-baritone timbres enhle kakhulu yekhulunyaka elidlule. Ukukhiqizwa kwakhe komsindo kuhlukaniswa ngobumnene obungenasici, futhi isisho sakhe siveza umsebenzi ongapheli ngempela nothando lokuphelela. Kodwa okwenza uBruzon Bruzon yilokho okumenza ahluke kwamanye amazwi amahle—iphimbo lakhe lobukhosi nobuhle. UBruzon wadalelwa ukuhlanganisa esiteji izibalo zamakhosi nezinja, ama-marquises nama-knights: futhi kurekhodi lakhe lengoma kukhona uMbusi uCharles the Fifth e-Hernani kanye neNkosi u-Alfonso ku-The Favorite, u-Doge Francesco Foscari ku-The Two Foscari kanye no-Doge Simon Boccanegra. ku-opera yegama elifanayo, iMarquis Rodrigo di Posa eDon Carlos, ingasaphathwa eNabucco noMacbeth. U-Renato Bruzon uphinde wazibonakalisa njengomlingisi onekhono futhi othinta inhliziyo, okwazi "ukukhipha" izinyembezi kubagxeki abahlonishwayo ku-"Simon Boccanegre" noma ukwenza uhleko lungenzeki endimeni yesihloko ku-"Falstaff". Nokho uBruzon udala ubuciko bangempela futhi unikeza injabulo yangempela ngaphezu kwakho konke ngezwi lakhe: i-pasty, round, iyunifomu kulo lonke uhla. Ungavala amehlo akho noma ubheke kude nesiteji: U-Nabucco no-Macbeth bazovela phambi kweso lakho langaphakathi usaphila, ngenxa yokucula kuphela.

UBruzon wafunda ePadua yakubo. Ukuqala kwakhe kwenzeka ngo-1961, lapho umculi eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, e-Experimental Opera House e-Spoleto, eyanikeza abaculi abaningi abasha, kwenye yendima "engcwele" kaVerdi: Count di Luna e-Il trovatore. Umsebenzi kaBruson wawushesha futhi ujabule: kakade ngo-1968 wacula e-Metropolitan Opera eNew York i-di Luna kanye no-Enrico eLucia di Lammermoor. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, uBruzon wangena esiteji seLa Scala, lapho adlala khona indawo ka-Antonio eLinda di Chamouni. Ababhali ababili, incazelo yomculo wabo anikela ukuphila kwakhe kubo, uDonizetti noVerdi, banquma ngokushesha, kodwa uBruzon wazuza udumo oluhlala njalo njenge-baritone yaseVerdi, esewele umugqa weminyaka engamashumi amane. Ingxenye yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe yanikezelwa kuma-recitals nama-opera ka-Donizetti.

Uhlu lwama-opera ka-Donizetti "kurekhodi lakhe" liyamangalisa ngobuningi balo: u-Belisarius, uCaterina Cornaro, uMbusi wase-Alba, uFausta, Intandokazi, Gemma di Vergi, Polyeuctus kanye nenguqulo yayo yesiFulentshi "Martyrs", "Linda di Chamouni", "Linda di Chamouni", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Maria di Rogan". Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBruzon udlalwa kuma-opera kaGluck, Mozart, Sacchini, Spontini, Bellini, Bizet, Gounod, Massenet, Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Puccini, Giordano, Pizzetti, Wagner noRichard Strauss, Menotti, futhi wacula ku-Eugene Onegin kaTchaikovsky nethi “ Eugene Onegin. I-Betrothal in a Monastery” ngu-Prokofiev. I-opera eyivelakancane ku-repertoire yakhe ekaHaydn ethi The Desert Island. Ezindimeni ze-Verdi, manje asewuphawu, uBruzon wasondela kancane futhi ngokwemvelo. Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisithupha, kwakuyi-baritone enhle kakhulu ye-lyrical, enombala okhanyayo, nokuba khona kwe-ultra-high, cishe i-tenor "A" ebangeni. Umculo we-elegiac kaDonizetti noBellini (wacula kakhulu kumaPuritani) wawuhambisana nemvelo yakhe njenge "belcantista". Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisikhombisa, kwaba yithuba likaCharles the Fifth ku-Verdi's Hernani: UBruzon uthathwa njengomdlali ongcono kakhulu wale ndima engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulunyaka. Abanye bebengacula kahle njengaye, kodwa akekho okwazile ukuhlanganisa ubushiqela obusha esiteji njengaye. Njengoba esondela ekuvuthweni, okomuntu kanye nobuciko, izwi likaBruson laqina kurejista emaphakathi, lathatha umbala omangalisayo. Edlala kuma-opera kaDonizetti kuphela, uBruzon akakwazanga ukwenza umsebenzi wangempela wamazwe ngamazwe. Umhlaba we-opera olindelwe kuye uMacbeth, uRigoletto, u-Iago.

Ukushintshela kukaBruzon esigabeni se-Verdi baritone bekungelula. Ama-opera e-verist, ane-“Scream arias” yawo edumile, ethandwa umphakathi, abe nomthelela omkhulu endleleni ama-opera ka-Verdi enziwa ngayo. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kuya maphakathi nawo-XNUMX, isiteji se-opera sasigcwele ama-baritones anezwi elikhulu, okucula kwawo okufana nokugedla kwamazinyo. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Scarpia no-Rigoletto wawukhohliwe ngokuphelele, futhi ezingqondweni zomphakathi, ukucula okuzwakalayo, "okunenkani" emoyeni we-verist kwakufanelekile kakhulu kubalingiswa bakaVerdi. Ngenkathi i-Verdi baritone, noma leli zwi libizwa ukuthi lichaze abalingiswa abangalungile, alilokothi lilahlekelwe ukuzibamba nomusa walo. U-Renato Bruzon uthathe umgomo wokubuyisela abalingisi baka-Verdi ekubukekeni kwabo kwephimbo langempela. Uphoqe izethameli ukuthi zilalele iphimbo lakhe elithambile, emgqeni wezwi ongenasici, ukucabanga ngokunemba kwesitayela ngokuphathelene nama-opera kaVerdi, athandwa kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuhlanya futhi "aculwa" ngendlela engenakubonwa.

I-Rigoletto Bruzona ayinakho ngokuphelele i-caricature, inhlamba kanye nama-pathos angamanga. Isithunzi sokuzalwa esiveza i-Padua baritone kokubili empilweni nasesiteji siba isici seqhawe elibi nelihluphekayo le-Verdi. I-Rigoletto yakhe ibonakala iyi-aristocrat, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa eziphoqelelwe ukuba ziphile ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye-social stratum ehlukile. UBruzon ugqoke imvunulo yokuvuselela kabusha njengengubo yesimanje futhi akalokothi agcizelele ukukhubazeka kwe-buffoon. Yeka ukuthi kukangaki umuntu ezwa abaculi, ngisho nabadumile, bephendukela kule ndima ekuklabalaseni, ukuphindaphinda okucishe kufane, bephoqa izwi labo! Njengoba nje ngokuvamile kubonakala sengathi konke lokhu kusebenza ngempela Rigoletto. Kodwa umzamo womzimba, ukukhathala okuvela emdlalweni ongagwegwesi kukude noRenato Bruzon. Uhola umugqa wezwi ngothando kunokumemeza, futhi akalokothi asebenzise ukuphindaphinda ngaphandle kwesizathu esifanele. Ukubeka kucace ukuthi ngemuva kwezibabazo zikababa zokuthi ibuyiswe indodakazi yakhe, kukhona ukuhlupheka okungapheli, okungadluliswa nje ngezwi elingenasici, eliholwa ukuphefumula.

Isahluko esihlukile emsebenzini omude futhi okhazimulayo kaBruzon ngokungangabazeki u-Simon Boccanegra kaVerdi. Lena i-opera “enzima” engeyona eyendalo edumile yengcweti ye-Busset. UBruson ukhombise uthando olukhulu ngale ndima, eyidlala izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Ngo-1976 wacula uSimon okokuqala ngqa eTeatro Regio eParma (ababukeli bayo abacishe bafune ngenkani). Abagxeki ababesehholo bakhulume ngesasasa ngokudlala kwakhe kule opera enzima nengathandwayo ka-Verdi: “Umlingisi oyinhloko kwakunguRenato Bruzon ... i-pathetic timbre, umusho omuhle kakhulu, izicukuthwane kanye nokungena okujulile kwengqondo yomlingiswa - konke lokhu kwangithinta. . Kodwa angizange ngicabange ukuthi uBruzon, njengomdlali, angafinyelela uhlobo lokuphelela alubonisa ezigcawini zakhe no-Amelia. Impela kwakuyinja nobaba, emuhle futhi ehloniphekile, enenkulumo ephazanyiswe usizi nobuso buqhaqhazela nokuhlupheka. Khona-ke ngathi kuBruzon nakumqhubi uRiccardo Chailly (ngaleso sikhathi owayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu): “Ningikhalisile. Kanti awunamahloni?" La mazwi angekaRodolfo Celletti, futhi akadingi singeniso.

Indima enkulu kaRenato Bruzon nguFalstaff. Indoda ekhuluphele kaShakespearean ihambisane ne-baritone evela ePadua iminyaka engamashumi amabili ncamashi: wenza i-debut yakhe kule ndima ngo-1982 e-Los Angeles, ngesimemo sikaCarlo Maria Giulini. Amahora amade okufunda nokucabanga ngombhalo we-Shakespearean kanye nokuxhumana kuka-Verdi no-Boito kwazala lo mlingiswa omangalisayo nogcwele intelezi enobuqili. UBruzon kwadingeka aphinde azalwe enyameni: amahora amaningi wahamba nesisu samanga, ebheka indlela engazinzile kaSir John, umkhohlisi owayesevuthwe ngokweqile eshisekela iwayini elimnandi. U-Falstaff Bruzona uphenduke umnumzane wangempela ongekho nhlobo emgwaqeni nama-scoundrels afana noBardolph noPistol, futhi obabekezelela eduze kwakhe kuphela ngenxa yokuthi akakwazi ukuthenga amakhasi okwamanje. Lona "mnumzane" weqiniso, ukuziphatha kwakhe kwemvelo ngokuphelele kubonisa ngokucacile izimpande zakhe zobukhosi, futhi ukuzethemba kwakhe okuzolile akudingi izwi eliphakanyisiwe. Nakuba sazi kahle ukuthi ukuhumusha okunjalo okukhazimulayo kusekelwe emsebenzini onzima, futhi hhayi ukuqondana kobuntu bomlingiswa kanye nomdlali, u-Renato Bruzon ubonakala ezalwa ngamahembe amafutha ka-Falstaff kanye nengubo yakhe efana neqhude. Nokho, endimeni ka-Falstaff, uBruson ukwazi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukucula kamnandi nangenasici futhi akalokothi adele i-legato. Ukuhleka ehholo akuveli ngenxa yokubamba (yize endabeni ye-Falstaff kuhle, futhi ukuhumusha kungokwangempela), kodwa ngenxa yokusho ngamabomu, ukuphimisela okucacile kanye nesichazamazwi esicacile. Njengenjwayelo, kwanele ukuzwa uBruson ukuze acabange umlingiswa.

U-Renato Bruzon mhlawumbe "uyi-baritone" yokugcina yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Esiteji sesimanje se-opera yase-Italy kukhona abanikazi abaningi balolu hlobo lwezwi ngokuqeqeshwa okuhle kakhulu namazwi ashaya njengensimbi: kwanele ukubiza amagama ka-Antonio Salvadori, uCarlo Guelfi, uVittorio Vitelli. Kodwa mayelana ne-aristocracy nobuhle, akekho kubo olingana noRenato Bruzon. I-baritone evela ku-Este ayiyona inkanyezi, kodwa umhumushi, umnqobi, kodwa ngaphandle komsindo owedlulele futhi ongcolile. Izithakazelo zakhe zibanzi futhi i-repertoire yakhe ayigcini kuma-opera. Iqiniso lokuthi uBruzon ungumNtaliyane ngokwezinga elithile "wamgwebela" ukudlala ku-repertoire kazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Italy, kunothando oludla lonke lwe-opera, kanye nentshisekelo ehloniphekile yamakhonsathi. Noma kunjalo, uRenato Bruzon ujabulela udumo olumfanele njengomdlali wasegunjini. Komunye umongo, wayezocula kuma-oratorio nama-opera ka-Wagner, futhi mhlawumbe agxile ohlotsheni lwe-Lieder.

U-Renato Bruzon akakaze azivumele ukuthi ahlahle amehlo, “akhafule” izingoma futhi ahlale kumanothi amangalisayo isikhathi eside kunesibhalwe kumaphuzu. Ngenxa yalokhu, "i-grand seigneur" ye-opera yaklonyeliswa ngokuphila isikhathi eside kokudala: cishe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa, wahlabelela ngobuciko i-Germont e-Vienna Opera, ebonisa izimangaliso zesu nokuphefumula. Ngemva kokuhumusha kwakhe abalingiswa bakaDonizetti noVerdi, akekho ongakwazi ukwenza lezi zindima ngaphandle kokubheka isithunzi sangaphakathi nezimfanelo ezingavamile zezwi le-baritone elivela ku-Este.