Intombazane Yokubonga (Kirsten Flagstad) |

UKirsten Flagstad

I-prima donna edumile ye-Metropolitan Francis Alda, owadlala cishe nabo bonke ongcweti abakhulu bomdlalo we-opera emhlabeni, wathi: “Ngemva kuka-Enrico Caruso, ngangazi izwi elilodwa kuphela elimnandi ngempela ku-opera yosuku lwethu - leli yi-Kirsten Flagstad. ” UKirsten Flagstad wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1895 edolobheni laseNorway iHamar, emndenini womqhubi uMikhail Flagstad. Umama naye wayengumculi – engumdlali wopiyano owaziwayo futhi engumphelezeli eNational Theatre e-Oslo. Kuyamangaza yini ukuthi kusukela ebuntwaneni uKirsten wafunda upiyano nokucula nonina, futhi eneminyaka eyisithupha wacula izingoma zikaSchubert!

Eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu, le ntombazane yazazi izingxenye ze-Aida no-Elsa. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, amakilasi kaKirsten aqala ngothisha owaziwayo wokucula e-Oslo, u-Ellen Schitt-Jakobsen. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yamakilasi, iFlagstad yaqala ukudlala ngo-December 12, 1913. Enhloko-dolobha yaseNorway, wadlala indawo kaNuriv emdlalweni ka-E. d’Albert othi The Valley, owawudumile ngaleyo minyaka. Lo mculi osemusha akathandwanga nje umphakathi ojwayelekile, kodwa futhi neqembu labaxhasi abacebile. Lona wakamuva wanikeza umculi umfundaze ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe yokucula.

Ngenxa yokusekelwa ngokwezimali, uKirsten wafunda eStockholm no-Albert Westwang noGillis Bratt. Ngo-1917, ibuyela ekhaya, i-Flagstad ijwayele ukwenza imidlalo ye-opera e-National Theatre.

"Kungalindeleka ukuthi, ngethalente elingangabazeki lomculi osemusha, ngokushesha angakwazi ukuthatha indawo evelele emhlabeni wezwi," kubhala u-VV Timokhin. – Kodwa lokho akwenzekanga. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili, i-Flagstad yahlala ingumlingisi ojwayelekile, onesizotha, ozinikele ngokuzithandela kunoma iyiphi indima enikezwa yona, hhayi nje ku-opera, kodwa naku-operetta, revue, namahlaya omculo. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu, kodwa okuningi kungachazwa ngumlingiswa weFlagstad ngokwakhe, owayengaziwa ngokuphelele emoyeni "wobundunankulu" kanye nesifiso sobuciko. Wayesebenza ngokuzikhandla, owayecabanga ngokuzuzisa yena “ngokwakhe” kwezobuciko.

UFlagstad washada ngo-1919. Kudlula isikhathi esincane futhi ushiye isiteji. Cha, hhayi ngenxa yokubhikisha komyeni wakhe: ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe, umculi walahlekelwa izwi lakhe. Wabe esebuya, kodwa uKirsten, esaba ukuchichima, isikhathi esithile ethanda "izindima ezilula" kuma-operettas. Ngo-1921, umculi waba soloist nge Mayol Theatre e-Oslo. Kamuva, wadlala eCasino Theatre. Ngo-1928, lo mculi waseNorway wamukela isimemo sokuba ngumculi oyedwa neStura Theatre edolobheni laseSweden iGothenburg.

Khona-ke kwakunzima ukucabanga ukuthi esikhathini esizayo umculi wayezoba ngokukhethekile izindima zikaWagnerian. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaqembu e-Wagner e-repertoire yakhe kwakungu-Elsa no-Elizabeth kuphela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, wayebonakala "engumlingisi ojwayelekile", ecula izindima ezingamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili kuma-opera namashumi amathathu kuma-operetta. Phakathi kwabo: uMinnie (“Intombazane YaseNtshonalanga” kaPuccini), uMargarita (“Faust”), Nedda (“Pagliacci”), Eurydice (“Orpheus” kaGluck), Mimi (“La Boheme”), Tosca, Cio- Cio-San, Aida, Desdemona, Michaela (“Carmen”), Evryanta, Agatha (“Euryante” kanye “Nesidubuli Somlingo” sikaWeber).

Ikusasa likaFlagstad njengomculi waseWagnerian libangelwa kakhulu yinhlanganisela yezimo, njengoba wayenazo zonke izimo zokuba umculi “waseNtaliyane” ovelele ngokulinganayo.

Lapho u-Isolde, umculi odumile waseWagnerian uNanni Larsen-Todsen, egula ngesikhathi kudlalwa idrama yomculo kaWagner ethi Tristan und Isolde e-Oslo ngo-1932, bakhumbula iFlagstad. UKirsten wenze umsebenzi omuhle ngomsebenzi wakhe omusha.

I-bass edumile u-Alexander Kipnis yakhangwa ngokuphelele i-Isolde entsha, eyacabangela ukuthi indawo yaseFlagstad yayisemkhosini kaWagner eBayreuth. Ehlobo lika-1933, komunye umkhosi, wacula u-Ortlinda kwethi The Valkyrie kanye nethi The Third Norn kwethi The Death of the Gods. Ngonyaka olandelayo, waphathiswa izindima eziningi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo - uSieglinde noGutrune.

Emidlalweni yoMkhosi weBayreuth, abameleli beMetropolitan Opera bezwa iFlagstad. Ishashalazi yaseNew York ngaleso sikhathi yayidinga i-soprano kaWagnerian.

Ukuqala kweFlagstad ngoFebhuwari 2, 1935 e-New York Metropolitan Opera endimeni kaSieglinde kwaletha umculi ukunqoba kwangempela. Ngakusasa ekuseni amaphephandaba aseMelika amemezela ukuzalwa komculi omkhulu we-Wagnerian wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. U-Lawrence Gilman wabhala ku-New York Herald Tribune ukuthi lesi ngesinye salezo zikhathi eziyivelakancane lapho, ngokusobala, umqambi ngokwakhe engajabula ukuzwa umfanekiso onjalo wobuciko weSieglinde yakhe.

U-VV Timokhin uyabhala: “Izilaleli azizange zikhangwe iphimbo likaFlagstad kuphela, nakuba umsindo walo wawungavusa injabulo. – Izethameli ziphinde zakhangwa ukushesha okumangalisayo, ubuntu bendlela acula ngayo. Kusukela ekudlalweni kokuqala, lesi sici esiyingqayizivele sokubukeka kobuciko be-Flagstad sembulwa kubabukeli baseNew York, okungaba usizo ikakhulukazi kubaculi be-orientation ye-Wagnerian. Abadlali be-Wagnerian bayaziwa lapha, lapho i-epic, isikhumbuzo ngezinye izikhathi sasinqoba umuntu wangempela. Amaqhawekazi aseFlagstad ayenjengokungathi akhanyiswe ukukhanya kwelanga, efudunyezwa umuzwa othinta inhliziyo, oqotho. Ubeyiciko lezothando, kodwa abalaleli bahlonze uthando lwakhe lothando hhayi kakhulu ngama-pathos amangalisayo, ukuthanda ama-pathos acacile, kodwa ngobuhle obumangalisayo obumangalisayo nokuvumelana kwezinkondlo, lelo culo eliqhaqhazelayo elagcwalisa izwi lakhe ...

Konke ukunotha kwethunzi elingokomzwelo, imizwa nemizwelo, lonke iphalethi lemibala yobuciko equkethwe emculweni kaWagner, lihlanganiswe yiFlagstad ngokuzwakalisa izwi. Kulokhu, umculi, mhlawumbe, wayengenazo izimbangi esiteji Wagner. Izwi lakhe lalingaphansi kokunyakaza komphefumulo okucashe kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukucasuka kwengqondo, izimo ezingokomzwelo: ukuzindla ngentshiseko nokwesaba intshiseko, ukuphakanyiswa okumangalisayo kanye nogqozi lobunkondlo. Ilalele i-Flagstad, izethameli zethulwa emithonjeni esondele kakhulu yezingoma zika-Wagner. Isisekelo, "umnyombo" wezincazelo zakhe zamaqhawekazi e-Wagnerian kwakuwukulula okumangalisayo, ukuvuleka okungokomoya, ukukhanya kwangaphakathi - i-Flagstad ngokungangabazeki ingomunye wabahumushi abakhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni wonke wokusebenza kuka-Wagnerian.

Ubuciko bakhe babungaziwa kuma-pathos angaphandle kanye nokuphoqelela ngokomzwelo. Imishwana embalwa eculwa yingcweti yayanele ukwakha isithombe esibekwe ngokucacile emcabangweni womlaleli - kwakukhona imfudumalo yothando eningi, ububele kanye nesisa ezwini lomculi. Iphimbo le-Flagstad lalihlukaniswa nokuphelela okungajwayelekile - inothi ngalinye elithathwe umculi lithathelwe ukugcwala, ukuzungeza, ubuhle, nokunyakaza kwezwi lomdwebi, njengokungathi lihlanganisa isici sobuhle basenyakatho, lanikeza ukucula kweFlagstad intelezi engaqondakali. Ubuciko bakhe bokucula bebumangalisa, ubuciko bokucula i-legato, abameleli abavelele kakhulu be-Italian bel canto abangaba nomona ... "

Iminyaka eyisithupha, i-Flagstad yayidlala njalo ku-Metropolitan Opera kuphela ku-repertoire ye-Wagnerian. Okuwukuphela kwengxenye yomqambi ohlukile kwakunguLeonora ku-Beethoven's Fidelio. Ucule uBrunnhilde kwethi The Valkyrie and The Fall of the Gods, Isolde, Elizabeth in Tannhäuser, Elsa in Lohengrin, Kundry in Parsifal.

Konke ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela komculi kwahamba nezindlu ezigcwele njalo. Imidlalo eyisishiyagalolunye kuphela ye-"Tristan" ngokubamba iqhaza komculi waseNorway ilethe indawo yeshashalazi imali engakaze ibonwe - ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu zamadola!

Ukunqoba kweFlagstad eMetropolitan kwamvulela iminyango yezindlu ezinkulu ze-opera emhlabeni. NgoMeyi 1936, 2, wenza i-debut yakhe ngempumelelo enkulu eTristan eCovent Garden yaseLondon. Futhi ngoSepthemba XNUMX wonyaka ofanayo, umculi wacula okokuqala ngqa eVienna State Opera. Wacula i-Isolde, futhi ekupheleni kwe-opera, izethameli zabiza umculi izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu!

I-Flagstad yavela okokuqala phambi komphakathi waseFrance ngo-1938 esiteji seParisian Grand Opera. Ubuye wadlala indawo ka-Isolde. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wenza uhambo lwekhonsathi e-Australia.

Entwasahlobo ka-1941, ngemva kokubuyela ezweni lakubo, umculi wayeka ukwenza. Phakathi nempi, wasuka eNorway kabili kuphela - ukuze abambe iqhaza kuMkhosi Womculo waseZurich.

NgoNovemba 1946, iFlagstad yacula eTristan eChicago Opera House. Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lwekhonsathi yangemva kwempi emadolobheni ase-US.

Ngemva kokufika kukaFlagstad eLondon ngo-1947, wabe esecula izingxenye eziphambili zeWagner eCovent Garden Theatre amasizini amane.

"I-Flagstad isivele ineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ubudala," kubhala u-VV Timokhin, - kodwa izwi lakhe, kwakubonakala sengathi, lalingekho ngaphansi kwesikhathi - lalizwakala lisha, ligcwele, linamanzi futhi likhanya njengonyaka ongasoze wakhunjulwa wokwazana kokuqala kweLondon. umculi. Wayebekezelela kalula imithwalo emikhulu eyayingenakubekezelelwa ngisho nakumculi omncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1949, wadlala indima kaBrunnhilde emidlalweni emithathu yesonto: The Valkyries, Siegfried kanye neThe Death of the Gods.

Ngo-1949 nango-1950 iFlagstad yadlala njengoLeonora (Fidelio) kuMkhosi waseSalzburg. Ngo-1950, umculi wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwe-Der Ring des Nibelungen e-Milan's La Scala Theatre.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1951, umculi wabuyela esigabeni Metropolitan. Kodwa akazange acule isikhathi eside lapho. Emngceleni wokuzalwa kwakhe kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, i-Flagstad inquma ukushiya isiteji esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Futhi owokuqala ochungechungeni lokuvalelisa kwakhe kwenzeka ngo-April 1, 1952 e-Metropolitan. Ngemva kokucula indima esihloko sithi Alceste kaGluck, uGeorge Sloan, usihlalo webhodi labaqondisi be-Met, wangena esiteji wathi iFlagstad yayigcine ukudlala ku-Met. Igumbi lonke laqala ukucula “Cha! Hhayi! Hhayi!”. Phakathi nengxenye yehora, izethameli zabiza lo mculi. Kwaze kwacisha izibani ehholo lapho izethameli zaqala ukuhlakazeka ngokungathandi.

Iqhubeka nohambo lokuvalelisa, ngo-1952/53 iFlagstad yacula ngempumelelo enkulu emkhiqizweni waseLondon othi Dido no-Aeneas kaPurcell. NgoNovemba 1953, 12, kwase kuyithuba lokuhlukana nomculi weParisian Grand Opera. NgoDisemba XNUMX wonyaka ofanayo, wenza ikhonsathi e-Oslo National Theatre yokuhlonipha iminyaka engamashumi amane yomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukubonakala kwakhe esidlangalaleni kuba yiziqephu kuphela. I-Flagstad yagcina ivalelise emphakathini ngoSepthemba 7, 1957 ngekhonsathi e-Albert Hall yaseLondon.

I-Flagstad yenza okuningi ekuthuthukiseni i-opera kazwelonke. Waba umqondisi wokuqala we-Norwegian Opera. Maye, ukugula obekuqhubeka kumphoqe ukuthi ashiye isikhundla somqondisi ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini yokuqala.

Iminyaka yokugcina yomculi odumile yachithwa endlini yakhe eKristiansand, eyakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi ngokusho kwephrojekthi yomculi - i-villa enezitezi ezimbili emhlophe ene-colonnade ehlobisa umnyango omkhulu.

I-Flagstad yafela e-Oslo ngoDisemba 7, 1962.