Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky |
UDmitry Kabalevsky
Kunabantu abathonya labo empilweni yomphakathi lidlulela ngalé kwemisebenzi yabo yobungcweti. U-D. Kabalevsky wayenjalo - i-classic yomculo waseSoviet, isikhulu somphakathi, uthisha nothisha ovelele. Ukuze ucabange ububanzi bomkhathi womqambi kanye nesilinganiso sethalente likaKabalevsky, kwanele ukubiza imisebenzi yakhe efana ne-operas "I-Taras Family" nethi "Cola Breugnon"; I-Symphony yesibili (ukwakheka okuthandayo komqhubi omkhulu u-A. Toscanini); ama-sonata nama-preludes angu-24 opiyano (okufakwe ku-repertoire yabadlali bopiyano abakhulu besikhathi sethu); I-Requiem kumavesi ka-R. Rozhdestvensky (odlalwa ezindaweni zamakhonsathi emazweni amaningi omhlaba); unxantathu odumile wamakhonsathi “entsha” (Violin, Cello, Piano Okwesithathu); cantata “Ingoma Yasekuseni, Intwasahlobo Nokuthula”; "Don Quixote Serenade"; izingoma "Izwe lethu", "Iminyaka yesikole" ...
Ikhono lomculo lomqambi wesikhathi esizayo libonakale sekwephuzile. Lapho eneminyaka engu-8, uMitya wafundiswa ukudlala upiyano, kodwa ngokushesha wahlubuka ekuzilolongeni okuyisicefe ayephoqeleka ukuba adlale, futhi wakhululwa emakilasini ... kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka engu-14! Futhi kuphela lapho, omunye angase athi, ekuzumeni kwempilo entsha - u-Okthoba wagcwaliseka! - wayenothando oluningi lomculo kanye nokuqhuma okungavamile kwamandla okudala: eminyakeni engu-6, uKabalevsky osemncane wakwazi ukuqeda isikole somculo, ekolishi futhi wangena e-Moscow Conservatory ngesikhathi esisodwa kuya ku-2 amakhono - ukwakheka nopiyano.
UKabalevsky uqanjwe cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo, wabhala ama-symphonies angu-4, ama-opera angu-5, i-operetta, amakhonsathi wezinsimbi, ama-quartet, ama-cantatas, imijikelezo yezwi esekelwe ezinkondlweni zika-V. Shakespeare, O. Tumanyan, S. Marshak, E. Dolmatovsky, umculo emikhiqizweni yaseshashalazini namamuvi, inqwaba yezingcezu zepiyano nezingoma. U-Kabalevsky wanikela amakhasi amaningi emibhalo yakhe endikimbeni yentsha. Izithombe zobuntwana nobusha zingena ngokuzenzakalelayo ezingoma zakhe ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ziba "izinhlamvu" eziyinhloko zomculo wakhe, ingasaphathwa izingoma nezingcezu zepiyano ezibhalelwe izingane ngokukhethekile, umqambi aqala ukuziqamba kakade eminyakeni yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe wokudala. . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxoxo zakhe zokuqala mayelana nomculo nezingane zibuyela emuva, okwathi kamuva zathola impendulo ejulile yomphakathi. Ngemva kokuqala izingxoxo ekamu lamaphayona e-Artek ngisho nangaphambi kwempi, uKabalevsky eminyakeni yamuva nje waziqhuba ezikoleni zaseMoscow. Aqoshwa emsakazweni, akhishwa kumarekhodi, kanti i-Central Television yenza atholakale kubo bonke abantu. Kamuva zahlanganiswa ezincwadini ezithi "Mayelana nemikhomo emithathu nokunye okuningi", "Indlela yokutshela izingane ngomculo", "Ontanga".
Iminyaka eminingi, uKabalevsky wakhuluma ngokunyathelisa futhi esidlangalaleni ngokumelene nokubukelwa phansi kwemfundo yobuhle yesizukulwane esisha, futhi wakhuthaza ngentshiseko ulwazi lwabashisekeli bemfundo yobuciko abaningi. Wahola umsebenzi emfundweni yobuhle bezingane nentsha ku-Union of Composers ye-USSR kanye ne-Academy of Pedagogical Sciences yase-USSR; njengesekela le-Supreme Soviet ye-USSR yakhuluma ngalezi zinkinga ngezikhathi. Igunya eliphakeme likaKabalevsky emkhakheni wemfundo yobuhle bentsha laziswa umphakathi womculo nowokufundisa wangaphandle, wakhethwa njengephini likamongameli we-International Society for Musical Education (ISME), wabe eseba umongameli ohlonishwayo.
U-Kabalevsky ucabangele umqondo womculo nowokufundisa wemfundo yomculo omkhulu awudalile kanye nohlelo lomculo lwesikole semfundo ejwayelekile esekelwe kulo, inhloso eyinhloko okwakuwukudonsa izingane ngomculo, ukusondeza lobu buciko obuhle kubo, obugcwele izinto ezingenakulinganiswa. amathuba okunothisa okungokomoya komuntu. Ukuhlola uhlelo lwakhe, ngo-1973 waqala ukusebenza njengomfundisi womculo esikoleni sama-209 saseMoscow. Ucwaningo lweminyaka eyisikhombisa, alwenzile kanyekanye neqembu lothisha abanomqondo ofanayo ababesebenza emadolobheni ahlukene ezwe, lwathethelelwa ngendlela emangalisayo. Izikole ze-RSFSR manje sezisebenza ngokusho kohlelo lukaKabalevsky, zilisebenzisa ngobuciko eRiphabhulikhi yeNyunyana, futhi othisha bakwamanye amazwe nabo banesithakazelo kuyo.
U-O. Balzac wathi: “Akwanele ukuba umuntu nje, kufanele ube yisimiso.” Uma umbhali we "Human Comedy" engafi ecabanga ubunye bezifiso zokudala zomuntu, ukuzithoba kwabo emcabangweni owodwa ojulile, ukubonakaliswa kwalo mbono nawo wonke amandla obuhlakani obunamandla, ngakho-ke uKabalevsky ngokungangabazeki ungowalolu hlobo " izinhlelo zabantu". Impilo yakhe yonke - umculo, izwi nesenzo waqinisekisa iqiniso: omuhle uvusa okuhle - wahlwanyela lokhu okuhle futhi wakukhulisa emiphefumulweni yabantu.
G. Pozhidaev
