Boris Yofe |

Boris Yoffe

Umsebenzi womqambi, i-violinist, umqhubi kanye nothisha u-Boris Yoffe ufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile kwabathandi bomculo wezemfundo, kungokwezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zomcabango womqambi wesimanje. Impumelelo kaJoffe njengomqambi ingabhekwa ngokuthi ubani owenza futhi aqophe umculo wakhe. Nalu uhlu olungaphelele lwabaculi abaziwayo bomculo ka-Yoffe: uHilliard Ensemble, uRosamunde Quartet, uPatricia Kopachinskaya, uKonstantin Lifshits, u-Ivan Sokolov, uKolya Lessing, uReto Bieri, u-Augustine Wiedemann nabanye abaningi. UManfred Aicher ukhiphe ilebula yakhe ye-ECM ye-CD ka-Boris Yoffe ethi Ingoma Yezingoma eyenziwa yi-Hilliard Ensemble kanye ne-Rosamunde Quartet. U-Wolfgang Rihm usewutuse kaningi umsebenzi kaJoffe futhi wabhala ingxenye yombhalo wencwajana ethi Iculo Lezingoma. NgoJulayi kulo nyaka, inkampani yokushicilela i-Wolke yanyathelisa ngesiJalimane incwadi yezindatshana kanye nendatshana ka-Boris Joffe “Musical Meaning” (“Musikarischer Sinn”).

Kubonakala sengathi uJoffe angathathwa njengomqambi ophumelele kakhulu, umuntu angase acabange ukuthi umculo wakhe uvame ukuzwakala futhi waziwa abaningi. Ake sibheke isimo sangempela sezindaba. Ingabe umculo ka-Yoffe udlala kakhulu emikhosini yomculo yesimanje? Cha, akuzwakali nhlobo. Kungani, ngizozama ukuphendula ngezansi. Idlala kangaki emsakazweni? Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi eYurophu - ikakhulukazi "Ingoma Yezingoma" - kodwa cishe kwakungekho izinhlelo ezizinikele ngokuphelele emsebenzini ka-Boris Yoffe (ngaphandle kwe-Israel). Akhona amakhonsathi amaningi? Zenzeka futhi zenzeka emazweni ahlukene – eGermany, Switzerland, France, Austria, USA, Israel, Russia – sibonga labo baculi abakwazile ukuwuthokozela umculo kaYoffe. Nokho, laba baculi ngokwabo kwakudingeka benze “njengabakhiqizi”.

Umculo kaBoris Yoffe awukaziwa kahle kakhulu futhi, mhlawumbe, kuphela endleleni eya ekudumeni (umuntu kufanele abe nethemba futhi athi "mhlawumbe", ngoba kwakukhona izibonelo eziningi emlandweni lapho ngisho nesikhathi esihle kakhulu saso sasingaziswa. ngabaphila ngesikhathi). Abaculi abawazisa kakhulu umculo kaJoffe nobuntu bakhe - ikakhulukazi umshayi wevayolini u-Patricia Kopatchinskaya, umdlali wopiyano u-Konstantin Lifshitz kanye nomshayi wesigingci u-Augustin Wiedenman - bathi umculo wakhe ngobuciko babo bamakhonsathi nokuqoshiwe, kodwa lokhu kuwukwehla nje kolwandle lwezinkulungwane zamakhonsathi.

Ngingathanda ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani umculo ka-Boris Yoffe ungavamile ukuzwakala emikhosini yomculo yesimanje.

Inkinga ukuthi umsebenzi ka-Yoffe awungeni kunoma yiluphi uhlaka kanye nesiqondiso. Lapha kuyadingeka ukusho ngokushesha mayelana nomsebenzi oyinhloko nokutholakala kokudala kuka-Boris Yoffe - "Incwadi yakhe yamaQuartets". Kusukela maphakathi nawo-90s, ubelokhu ebhala nsuku zonke esuka esiqeshini se-quartet esilingana eshidini elilodwa lomculo ngaphandle kwezinkomba ze-tempo, eziguqukayo noma ezibuhlungu. Uhlobo lwale midlalo lungachazwa ngokuthi “inkondlo”. Njengenkondlo, ucezu ngalunye kufanele lufundwe (ngamanye amazwi, umculi kufanele anqume i-tempo, i-gogics, kanye namandla omculo), hhayi nje ukudlalwa. Angazi lutho lwalolu hlobo emculweni wesimanje (i-aleatoric ayibali), kodwa emculweni wasendulo kuhlala njalo (ku-Bach's Art of Fugue, azikho ngisho nezimpawu zezinsimbi, ingasaphathwa eye-tempo kanye ne-dynamics) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima “ukushova” umculo ka-Yoffe ohlakeni olucacile lwesitayela. Abanye abagxeki babhala ngamasiko kaReger noSchoenberg (umlobi oyiNgisi nombhali wenkululeko uPaul Griffiths), okuyinto, vele, ebonakala iyinqaba kakhulu! - abanye bakhumbula uCage noFeldman - lokhu kwakamuva kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekugxekeni kwaseMelika (uStephen Smolyar), obona okuthile okusondelene nomuntu siqu ku-Yoff. Omunye wabagxeki wabhala lokhu okulandelayo: "Lo mculo kokubili we-tonal ne-atonal" - izinzwa ezinjalo ezingavamile nezingezona ezijwayelekile zitholwa ngabalaleli. Lo mculo uqhelelene “nobulula obusha” kanye “nobumpofu” be-Pärt no-Silvestrov njengoba usuka e-Lachenman noma e-Fernyhow. Okufanayo kuya ku-minimalism. Noma kunjalo, emculweni kaJoffe umuntu angabona ubulula bawo, ubusha bawo, ngisho nohlobo “lwezinto ezincane”. Ngemva kokuzwa lo mculo kanye, awusakwazi ukudideka nomunye; kuyingqayizivele njengobuntu, izwi nobuso bomuntu.

Yini engekho emculweni kaBoris Yoffe? Azikho ipolitiki, azikho "izinkinga zezihloko", akukho lutho lwephephandaba nomzuzwana. Akukho msindo nonxantathu abaningi kuwo. Umculo onjalo ubeka indlela yawo kanye nokucabanga kwawo. Ngiyaphinda ngithi: umculi odlala umculo kaJoffe kumele akwazi ukufunda amanothi, angawadlali, ngoba umculo onjalo udinga ukuhambisana. Kodwa umlaleli naye kumelwe ahlanganyele. Kuvela indida enjalo: kubonakala sengathi umculo awuphoqelekile futhi uphefumula ngamanothi avamile, kodwa kufanele ulalele umculo ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela futhi ungaphazanyiswa - okungenani ngesikhathi se-quartet yomzuzu owodwa. Akunzima kangako: akudingeki ube uchwepheshe omkhulu, akudingeki ucabange ngesu noma umqondo. Ukuze uqonde futhi uwuthande umculo ka-Boris Yoffe, umuntu kufanele akwazi ukulalela umculo ngokuqondile nangokuzwela futhi aqhubeke kuwo.

Omunye waqhathanisa umculo kaJoffe namanzi, omunye nesinkwa, nalokho okudingeka kuqala ekuphileni. Manje sekunokuningi ngokweqile, izibiliboco eziningi, kodwa kungani womile, kungani uzizwa njengoSaint-Exupery ogwadule? I-"Book of Quartets", equkethe izinkulungwane "zezinkondlo", ayiyona nje isizinda somsebenzi ka-Boris Yoffe, kodwa futhi iwumthombo weminye imisebenzi yakhe eminingi - i-orchestra, i-chamber kanye nezwi.

Ama-opera amabili nawo ahlukene: “Indaba KaRabi NeNdodana Yakhe” esekelwe kuRabi Nachman ngesi-Yiddish (imbongi edumile nomhumushi u-Anri Volokhonsky wabamba iqhaza ekubhaleni i-libretto) kanye nethi “Esther Racine” esekelwe embhalweni wokuqala wesiFulentshi esikhulu. umbhali wemidlalo. Womabili ama-opera e-chamber ensemble. I-"Rabi", engakaze yenziwe (ngaphandle kwesingeniso), ihlanganisa izinsimbi zanamuhla nezasendulo - ekuthungeni okuhlukene. U-Esther wayebhalelwe abaculi abane abacula yedwa kanye neqembu elincane le-baroque. Yadlalwa e-Basel ngo-2006 futhi kufanele kukhulunywe ngayo ngokwehlukana.

I-“Esther Racina” iyisiko (inhlonipho) ku-Rameau, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo i-opera ayisona isitayela futhi ibhalwe ngendlela yayo ebonakalayo. Kubonakala sengathi akukho okufana nalokhu okwenzeka kusukela ku-Oedipus Rex kaStravinsky, u-Esther angaqhathaniswa nayo. Njenge-opera-oratorio ka-Stravinsky, u-Esther akakhawulelwe enkathini eyodwa yomculo - akuyona i-pastiche engenabuntu. Kuzo zombili izimo, ababhali, ubuhle babo kanye nomqondo womculo uyabonakala ngokuphelele. Nokho, kulapho umehluko oqala khona. I-opera kaStravinsky ngokuvamile ayinandaba kangako nomculo ka-non-Stravinsky; okuthakazelisa kakhulu kuyo yilokho okuvela ekuvumelaneni kwakhe nesigqi kunokuqonda uhlobo lwesiko le-baroque. Kunalokho, u-Stravinsky usebenzisa i-clichés, "izinsalela" zezinhlobo namafomu ngendlela yokuthi zingaphulwa futhi zakhiwe kusukela kulezi zingcezu (njengoba uPicasso enza emdwebeni). U-Boris Yoffe akaphuli lutho, ngoba kuye lezi zinhlobo nezinhlobo zomculo we-baroque akuzona izinsalela, futhi ukulalela umculo wakhe, singaqiniseka futhi ukuthi isiko lomculo liyaphila. Ingabe lokhu akukukhumbuzi… isimangaliso sokuvuka kwabafileyo? Kuphela, njengoba ubona, umqondo (futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe umuzwa) wesimangaliso ungaphandle komkhakha wempilo yomuntu wanamuhla. Isimangaliso esithathwe kumanothi ka-Horowitz manje sesitholakala siyinhlamba, futhi izimangaliso ze-Chagall ziyi-naive daubs. Futhi naphezu kwakho konke: U-Schubert uhlala emibhalweni kaHorowitz, futhi ukukhanya kugcwalisa iSonto likaSt. Stephen ngamafasitela engilazi e-Chagall. Umoya wamaJuda nomculo waseYurophu ukhona naphezu kwakho konke kwezobuciko bukaJoffe. “U-Esteri” akanawo nhlobo umthelela womlingiswa wangaphandle noma ubuhle “obucwebezelayo”. Njengevesi likaRacine, umculo unokhahlo futhi umnandi, kodwa ngaphakathi kwalokhu kuqiniswa okuhle, inkululeko inikezwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinkulumo nabalingiswa. Amajika ephimbo lika-Esteri angaba ngeyendlovukazi enhle kuphela, amahlombe ayo athambile futhi amahle kakhulu… NjengoMandelstam: “… Wonke umuntu ucula amakhosikazi abusisiwe anamahlombe aphakeme…” Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kula majika sizwa ubuhlungu, ukuthuthumela, konke amandla obumnene, ukholo nothando inkohliso, ukuzidla kanye nenzondo. Mhlawumbe akunjalo empilweni, kodwa okungenani kwezobuciko sizokubona futhi sizwe. Futhi lokhu akuyona inkohliso, hhayi ukubalekela ngokoqobo: ubumnene, ukholo, uthando - yilokhu okungumuntu, okuhle kakhulu okuqukethwe kithi, abantu. Noma ubani othanda ubuciko ufuna ukubona kuwo kuphela okuyigugu kakhulu futhi okuhlanzekile, futhi kukhona ukungcola okwanele namaphephandaba emhlabeni noma kunjalo. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi le nto eyigugu ibizwa ngokuthi ubumnene, noma amandla, noma mhlawumbe kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa. U-Boris Yoffe, ngobuciko bakhe, uveze ngokuqondile umbono wakhe wobuhle ku-monologue ka-Esther kusukela esenzweni sesi-3. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo nezomculo we-monologue zivela "eNcwadini yamaQuartets", umsebenzi oyinhloko womqambi, lapho enza khona kuphela lokho akubona kudingekile.

U-Boris Yoffe wazalwa ngoDisemba 21, 1968 eLeningrad emndenini wonjiniyela. Ubuciko bubambe indawo ebalulekile empilweni yomndeni wakwaYoffe, futhi u-Boris omncane wakwazi ukujoyina izincwadi nomculo ekuseni kakhulu (ngokusebenzisa okuqoshiwe). Lapho eneminyaka engu-9, waqala ukudlala i-violin ngokwakhe, efunda esikoleni somculo, eneminyaka engu-11 waqamba i-quartet yakhe yokuqala, eyathatha imizuzu engu-40, umculo wayo wamangaza izilaleli ngokubaluleka kwayo. Ngemva kwebanga lesi-8, u-Boris Yoffe wangena esikoleni somculo ekilasini le-violin (ped. Zaitsev). Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, kwaba nomhlangano obalulekile kaJoffe: waqala ukuthatha izifundo zangasese ku-Adam Stratievsky. UStratievsky waletha umculi osemusha ezingeni elisha lokuqonda umculo futhi wamfundisa izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo. UJoffe ngokwakhe wayesewulungele lo mhlangano ngomculo wakhe omkhulu (indlebe ebucayi, inkumbulo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, uthando olungacimeki lomculo, ukucabanga ngomculo).

Kwabe sekuba nenkonzo ebuthweni laseSoviet futhi bathuthela kwa-Israyeli ngo-1990. E-Tel Aviv, u-Boris Yoffe wangena eSikhungweni Somculo. Rubin futhi waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe no-A. Stratievsky. Ngo-1995, kwabhalwa izingcezu zokuqala zeNcwadi yamaQuartets. Ubuhle babo buchazwe ngocezu olufushane lwezintambo ezintathu, ezibhalwe ngesikhathi ngisebuthweni. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, i-disc yokuqala ene-quartets yaqoshwa. Ngo-1997, u-Boris Joffe wathuthela eKarlsruhe nomkakhe nendodakazi yakhe yokuqala. Lapho, wafunda noWolfgang Rihm, kwabhalwa ama-opera amabili lapho kwakhululwa amanye ama-disc amane. UJoffe uhlala futhi usebenza eKarlsruhe kuze kube namuhla.