Umphathi weqembu |

U-German Kapellmeister, waseKapelle, lapha - ikhwaya, i-orchestra kanye noMeister - master, umholi

Ekuqaleni, ngekhulu le-16-18, inhloko yekwaya. noma instr. ama-chapels, ekhulwini le-19. Umbhidisi we-Symphonic, i-orchestra yaseshashalazini noma ikhwaya. Isikhundla sika-K. sasikhona kusukela ekhulwini le-11. nenkosi yaseFrance. enkantolo, kodwa wawungahlali umculi, kodwa umfundisi wasenkantolo ephakeme kakhulu, okuthiwa. inkosi yesonto lasebukhosini (Magister capellanorum regio). Enkantolo yamapapa e-Avignon, umuntu onjalo wayenesiqu senkosi yesonto (Magister capellae). Kulo mqondo, ngaphambi kokuqala. Ikhulu le-16 labelwa umfundisi owayehola inkonzo yaphezulu, owayephethe ukuqondisa okuphakeme kunawo wonke kwabahlabeleli; ekhulwini lama-20 ikhona esontweni. abaculi base-Italy (Maestro di cappella) naseFrance (Maitre du chapelle). eJalimane kusukela ngekhulu le-16. K. wayebizwa ngokuthi inhloko yenkantolo yezwe. umculo. Esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-19 ngokuwa kwenkosi. kanye nezindlu zokuthandaza zezikhulu, isihloko sika-K. salahlekelwa incazelo (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhloko ye-symphony orchestra yabizwa ngokuthi umbhidisi, ibhendi yezempi yomoya - umbhidisi wamasosha, ikhwaya - umbhidisi wekwaya noma umqondisi wekwaya). K. bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi abaqhubi bengcweti abanolwazi; Umculo we-Kapellmeister yigama elilulazayo lomculo. ukukhiqizwa, okubhalwe ngolwazi luka-prof. indlela yomqambi, kodwa engenaso isitayela somuntu ngamunye.

I-IM Yampolsky