Iyini ingoma ye-Znamenny: incazelo, umlando, izinhlobo

Umculo wesonto laseRussia waqala nge-znamenny chant, eyavela ngesikhathi sokubhapathizwa kukaRus. Igama layo lihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu ezikhethekile zokuphawula - "amabhanela" - ekurekhodweni kwayo. Amagama abo ayinkimbinkimbi ahlotshaniswa nesithombe esiyingcaca: ibhentshi, isithandwa, inkomishi, ababili esikebheni, njll. Ngokubukeka, izibhengezo (okungaziwa ngokuthi izingwegwe) ziyinhlanganisela yamadeshi, amachashazi kanye namakhoma.

Isibhengezo ngasinye siqukethe ulwazi mayelana nobude besikhathi semisindo, inombolo yayo ngesisusa esinikeziwe, isiqondiso somsindo womculo nezici zokusebenza.

Izingoma ze-znamenny chant zafundwa abaculi namakholwa esonto ngokuzwa kubaphathi be-znamenny chant, njengoba i-pitch ye-znamenny chant ayizange irekhodwe. Kuphela ngekhulu le-17. Ukubonakala kwamamaki akhethekile e-cinnabar (obomvu) emibhalweni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqoka i-pitch yezingwegwe.

Ingxenye engokomoya ye-Znamenny chant

Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi i-Znamenny chant iyini futhi sazise ubuhle bayo ngaphandle kokubhekisela ekubalulekeni okungokomoya kwengoma yesiko lama-Orthodox aseRussia. Amasampuli emiculo ye-znamenny ayizithelo zokucatshangelwa okuphezulu okungokomoya kwabadali bazo. Incazelo yokucula kwe-znamenny ifana neyesithonjana - ukukhululwa komphefumulo ezifisweni, ukuhlukaniswa nezwe elibonakalayo elibonakalayo, ngakho-ke ubunye besonto laseRussia lasendulo alinawo ama-chromatic intonations adingekayo lapho kuveza izinkanuko zomuntu.

Isibonelo sengoma edalwe ngesisekelo sengoma ka-Znamenny:

S. Trubachev "Umusa Womhlaba"

Ngenxa yesilinganiso se-diatonic, ingoma ye-Znamenny izwakala ibabazekayo, ingenaluthando, futhi iqinile. Iculo lomkhuleko wezwi elilodwa libonakala ngokuhamba okushelelayo, ubulula bephimbo, isigqi esichazwe ngokucacile, nokuphelela kokwakhiwa. Ukucula kuvumelana ngokuphelele nombhalo ongokomoya oculwa, futhi ukucula ngokuvumelana kugxilisa ukunakekela kwabahlabeleli nabalaleli emazwini omthandazo.

Kusukela emlandweni we-Znamenny chant

Isibonelo se-Znamenny

Ukuveza ngokugcwele ukuthi iculo lika-Znamenny liyini, ukuphendukela kumsuka walo kuzosiza. Ukucula kwesonto lase-Znamenny kuvela emkhubeni wasendulo waseByzantium, lapho i-Orthodoxy yaseRussia yaboleka khona umbuthano wonyaka we-osmoglasiya (ukusatshalaliswa kwezingoma zesonto zibe amazwi ayisishiyagalombili aculayo). Izwi ngalinye linokuphenduka kwalo okukhanyayo kwe-melodic, izwi ngalinye lenzelwe ukukhombisa izikhathi ezihlukene zezimo ezingokomoya zomuntu: ukuphenduka, ukuthobeka, ububele, injabulo. Iculo ngalinye lihlotshaniswa nombhalo wenkonzo ethile futhi lixhunywe esikhathini esithile sosuku, isonto, noma sonyaka.

E-Rus', izingoma zabahlabeleli baseGreece zashintsha kancane kancane, zafaka izici zolimi lwesiSlavonic seSonto, iziphimbo zomculo wesiRashiya nama-metrhythms, ezithola ukuzwakala nokushelela okukhulu.

Izinhlobo ze-znamenny chant

Lapho ebuza umbuzo wokuthi iyini ingoma ye-znamenny nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zayo ezaziwa, umuntu kufanele ayibheke njengohlelo olulodwa lomculo oluhlanganisa Znamenny, noma insika (amazwi ayisishiyagalombili akha isethi “yensika” yemiculo, ephindaphindwa umjikelezo njalo emavikini ayi-8), umhambi kanye nezingoma ezilula. Lonke lolu daba lomculo luhlanganiswe nesakhiwo esisekelwe ezingoma - ukuphenduka okufushane kwe-melodic. Izinto ezizwakalayo zakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo senkonzo yenkonzo kanye nekhalenda yesonto.

Ingoma yokuvakasha iyingoma enesizotha, yemikhosi, okuwuhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi noluguquliwe lwengoma eyinsika. Ingoma yokuvakasha ibonakala ngokuqina, ukuqina, kanye nobuhle obunesigqi.

Ezinhlotsheni zesitayela eziqanjiwe zokucula kwe-znamenny, ingoma ye-demesnic ayifakiwe encwadini ka-Octoechos ("i-eight-harmony"). Ihlukaniswa ngemvelo ehloniphekile yomsindo wayo, yethulwa ngesitayela semikhosi, isetshenziselwa ukucula imibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu yenkonzo, amaculo ezinkonzo ze-hierarchal, imishado, nokungcweliswa kwamasonto.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16. "ingoma enkulu ye-znamenny" yazalwa, eyaba iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokucula kwe-znamenny yaseRussia. Kwandisiwe futhi kucula, kubushelelezi, kungasheshi, kufakwe insada yezakhiwo ezipholile ezinamaculo axubile angaphakathi kwamalunga, "isibhengezo esikhulu" sizwakala ngezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu zesevisi.