Ithoni yesethulo |
Ithoni yesethulo - umsindo ongazinzile wemodi, obekwe endaweni yesibili ephansi noma ephakeme kunesinyathelo sokuqala futhi udonsela kuwo. Umsindo wezinga lesikhombisa, eliseduze nedigri yokuqala ukusuka ngezansi, ubizwa ngokuthi u-V. t.; umsindo wesigaba sesibili - ngokulandelana, esingaphezulu. V. t. abe melodic eqine kakhulu. ukuthambekela emsindweni oyinhloko wemodi, ikakhulukazi i-V. t., ihlukaniswe kuwo ngomzuzwana omncane phansi (ngemvelo kanye ne-harmonic enkulu kanye ne-harmonic encane, lokhu umsindo we-VII degree - lat. subsemitonium modi, German Leitton, Inothi lesiFulentshi elinengqondo - "inothi elibucayi", inothi eliholayo lesiNgisi). I-V. t. iyichord yesithathu yeziqu ze-13 futhi inomsebenzi ovelele. Ngokuthi “ithoni yesethulo” kuvame ukusho okuthile okuqondile. ubukhali bemizuzwana embalwa, amandla adonsela phansi ayingxenye yethoni. Njengoba ukuhlonza kanye nokwanda “kwethoni yesethulo” engaba khona kungabhekwa njenganoma iyiphi i-melodic. ukuguqulwa, ukudala, njengokungathi, i-chromatic yokwenziwa. V. t. Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo ezinkulu nezincane, kanye nentuthuko umlando V. t. ixhunyiwe, isixazululo sayo. U-Asafiev wabiza u-V.t. "isenzo" saseYurophu. ukukhathazeka. Ukuvuthwa kwezakhi ezinkulu nezincane eYurophu. uphrof. umculo wavezwa, ikakhulukazi, ekuveleni kwe-V. t. izinyathelo zomculo. isikali (ekuqaleni mayelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izindlela zesonto - musica ficta, 16-15 eminyaka). melodic isici. kanye ne-harmonic. ukuvukelwa no-V.t., okugxilwe emakhulwini e-16-17. ngama-cadences, ngokusungulwa kokubusa kwesistimu enkulu-encane emakhulwini eminyaka we-19-XNUMX. yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-cadence. Ushintsho olusuka kwelinye eliphansi le-V. t. nesinqumo saso siye kwesinye ku-classical. i-ladoharmonic. uhlelo ngokuvamile lubhekiselwa ezimpawini zokuguquguquka noma ukuchezuka. Esikhathini se-romanticism, kukhona ukunqwabelana kwethoni yokufaka ye-intratonal yomsuka wokuguqulwa. U-E. Kurt wethule umqondo wokuthi "iqembu lethoni yamahhala" (i-freie Leittoneinstellung ngokusho kuka-X. Erpf) ukuze isho inhlanganisela yasikhathi sinye yokumbalwa. imisindo ethi V.t. ngokuphathelene nechord yokuxazulula (isibonelo, i-des-f-as-h-dis-fis kuya ku-C-dur tonic, imisindo "eseduze" kumatemu esiRashiya ngo-IV Sposobina).
Yu. N. Kholopov
