I-Monophony |

i-monophony - enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokwethula emculweni, ebonakala ngokukhawulelwa komculo owodwa. umugqa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zika-O., umqondo womculo. umkhiqizo. iyonke iyafana nomqondo womculo. Imiqondo ethi "O." zisondelene kakhulu, ngezindlela eziningi futhi ziyefana. kanye ne-monody; ch yabo. umehluko wukuthi igama elithi “O.” ugcizelela kunalokho uhlangothi lombhalo wesenzo, kanye "nomonody" - olwesakhiwo.

O. - indlela elula futhi ngaleyo ndlela eyinhloko yokwethula ama-muses. imicabango. Umehluko ka-Main O. ku-polyphony lowo mculo owodwa. umugqa kufanele uqukathe ingqikithi yezindlela zomculo. Inzuzo ka-O. – emathubeni okuveza umqondo okuphelele ngomculo owodwa kuphela. Uhlangothi oluphambene lwemininingwane efanayo ye-O. luveza ukungasebenzi. isho ukuthi isebenza kuphela kungwaqa abambalwa. amazwi, kanye nomkhawulo ohambisana nawo womkhakha womculo. okuqukethwe. Yiqiniso, ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa. i-polyphony efihliwe ("i-polyphony efihliwe") ku-O., ungafinyelela umphumela we-polyphony. umsindo ogcwele (JS Bach, suites for cello solo), nokho, ukuqagela okunjalo kwe-polyphony emugqeni we-monophonic kuhlala kunikeza isinxephezelo esiyingxenye kuphela; ngaphandle kobuciko. umphumela ubolekwe komunye umculo. warehouse, to-rum O. lapha, kanjalo, kulingisa. Uphrof. isiko libhekisela ku-O. (ngomqondo walo) ngezindlela ezincane noma ukuzuza imibala ekhethekile yokukhuluma (ingoma kaLyubasha ethi "Yihlomise ngokushesha, mama othandekayo" kusukela ngosuku lokuqala "loMlobokazi kaTsar", ingoma yetilosi ekuqaleni usuku 1 "Tristan and Isolde"). Okubaluleke kakhulu ngu-O. ku-prof. umculo wamazwe aseMpumalanga (kuhlanganise neSoviet; isibonelo i-Tajik Shashmakom - bheka i-Poppy) nezinye ezingezona zaseYurophu. amasiko lapho ukuthuthukiswa kuka-O. kuqondile. ukuqhubeka kwamasiko asendulo. U-O. uvamile emlandweni wabo bonke abantu. Eduze kwe-O. izinhlobo ezikhona zemisebenzi yesimanje. Izinhlobo zezingoma zengoma nomdanso (noma kunjalo, ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina, lokhu akukabi u-O., kodwa i-polyphony, i-homophony).

Ngokomlando, phakathi kwabo bonke abantu, u-O. wenza isigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe ophezulu. amasiko omculo (emculweni waseNtshonalanga Yurophu - ingoma kaGregory, umculo wezwe weNkathi Ephakathi; ingoma yaseRussia kaZnamenny nezinye izinhlobo ze-monody). Njengokwakhiwa kwamagoli amaningi. Amafomu nezinhlobo ze-O. ziphoshelwa ngemuva futhi ziyayeka ukuba khona njengezizimele. igatsha lecala. UG. de Machaux wayengumqambi wokugcina owaziwayo owabhala ngohlobo olunesihloko esisodwa. umculo (“iziqhingi” ezihlukene ze-O. nazo zitholakala kamuva, isibonelo, izingoma zikaG. Sachs). Ukuvuselelwa kuka-O., osekuvele kusisekelo esisha, ezimeni zokucabanga kabusha zakudala. Izindlela zesistimu ye-tonal enkulu-encane, eyenziwa emculweni wekhulu lama-20. (C. Debussy, “Syrinx” for flute solo, 1912; IF Stravinsky, Izingcezu ezintathu ze-solo clarinet, 1919; T. Olah, Sonata for solo clarinet, 1963).

References: bheka ngaphansi kwezihloko ezithi Melody, Monodia.

Yu. N. Kholopov