Abaxoxi |

Abathengisi bezindaba – abadlali bama-epics, ama-epic ballads nomlando wakuqala. izingoma. Igama elithi “S.” unayo nar. imvelaphi, eyakhiwe esenzweni esithi “ukusho”; libonisa indlela engavamile yokusebenza komkhiqizo. izinhlobo zendabuko ezisohlwini. Enyakatho yeRussia, abadlali be-epic babebizwa nangokuthi "abaxoxi bezindaba", "abadala". S. ngokuvamile babengabalimi (kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane). Emlandisweni, igama elithi “S.” kungene uSer. Ikhulu le-19 ngenxa yomsebenzi kaPN Rybnikov no-AF Gilferding. S. ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kweRussia. amaqhawe (amakhulu we-10-16) kwakukhona kokubili okungezona ochwepheshe kanye nezingcweti - abaculi kumaqembu, ezinkantolo zamakhosana, ama-buffoons, njll. Kusukela kuma-60s. Ngekhulu le-19, lapho i-epic iqala ukuqoshwa ngokuhlelekile, ochwepheshe be-S.

S. wasebenzisa eyodwa, umkhawulo 2-3 bendabuko. amashuni aphindaphindayo futhi wawasebenzisa ngokunganaki okuqukethwe kombhalo womsebenzi. Ubuntu buka-S babonakaliswa ekukhethweni komuntu ngamunye kwezindlela zobunkondlo. ukuvezwa kombhalo wamazwi, ekushintshanisweni komculo, iziqephu, ekusunguleni ukulandelana kweziqephu, futhi, ekugcineni, kuyi-S. repertoire ngokwayo. Kuye ngezinga lokubonakaliswa kwesimiso somuntu ngamunye emsebenzini ka-S., izazi zefolklorists (ezilandela i-folklorist yaseSoviet u-AM Astakhova) ziyahlukanisa: abathumeli balwela ukukhiqiza kabusha okunembe kakhulu kwalokho abakufanisile (IT Ryabinin, B. Surikov, ingxenye yesibili ye ekhulwini lesi-2); S., abakha izinguqulo nezinguqulo zabo (TG Ryabinin - phakathi nekhulu le-19, u-NS Bogdanova, u-AM Pashkova - ngasekupheleni kwe-19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19); S. abathuthukisi, abathi isikhathi ngasinye bethula isakhiwo ngendlela entsha (VP Shchegolyonok - ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, MS Kryukova - ikhulu le-19). Ngaphansi kwethonya le-S. abanamakhono kakhulu, kwavela izikole zendawo (i-Onega, i-White Sea, i-Pechora, i-Mezen, nabanye), futhi ngemva kwabo, amasiko endawo abanzi. Phakathi kwe-S. Rus evelele. Enyakatho - TG Ryabinin, AM Kryukova, GL Kryukov, MD Krivopolenova, AP Sorokin, HS Bogdanova, GA Yakushov, FA Konashkov. Ukuze wandise umsebenzi we-S. kusukela kuma-20s. Ikhulu lama-80 bahlela ukusebenza kwabo komphakathi emadolobheni amakhulu eRussia naseZap. EYurophu.

Abaqoqi bokuqala nabacwaningi beNar. i-epic yabamba kuphela isigaba sokugcina sokuba khona kwayo okusebenzayo (maphakathi nekhulu le-19) - ikakhulukazi enyakatho. emaphethelweni eRussia futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, eSiberia. Ngalesi sikhathi, eningizimu yeRussia, endaweni ye-Cossack, ama-epics aguqulwa abe yizingoma ezidumile, ezenziwa yi-choir ekuculeni izingoma.

S. ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa. abadlali be-epic yabanye abantu base-USSR - Kazakh, Zhirshi, Turkmen. Bakhshi, Yakuts, Olonkhosutov, njll.

References: I-Rybnikov PN, Inothi lomqoqi, eqoqweni: Izingoma eziqoqwe ngu-PN Rybnikov, ingxenye yesi-3 - Izingoma zomdabu, izinto zakudala, ukuvakasha nezingoma, iPetrozavodsk, 1864, vol. 1, M., 1909; I-Hilferding A., isifundazwe sase-Olonets kanye ne-rhapsody yaso yesintu, eqoqweni: Izingoma ze-Onega, eziqoshwe ngu-AF Hilferding ehlobo lika-1871, eSt. Petersburg, 1873; ULyatsky E., Umlandisi IT Ryabinin kanye nama-epics akhe, "Ethnographic Review", 1894, incwadi. 23, Cha 4, p. 105-35; Miller Sun. F., Izindatshana zemibhalo yabantu baseRussia, vol. 1, M., 1897; Izingoma ze-Arkhangelsk nezingoma zomlando eziqoqwe ngu-AD Grigoriev ngo-1899-1901, vol. 1, M., 1904, p. 333-91 (ngomculo weshidi); Onchukov N., Pechora epics, St. Petersburg, 1904, p. I-XXXIII; Speransky M., izincwadi zomlomo zesiRashiya, vol. 2 - Ama-Epics. Izingoma Zomlando, ed. kanye nenothi. M. Speransky, M., 1919, p. VII-XX; Sokolov B., Narrators, M., 1924; Sokolov Yu. M., Inganekwane YaseRussia, M., 1938, p. 232-46; I-Astakhova A., I-Epic Creativity yabalimi basenyakatho, eqoqweni: Epics of the North, vol. 1, M.-L., 1938, p. 7-105; eyakhe, ingqophamlando yaseRussia eNyakatho, Petrozavodsk, 1948; Ukhov PD, Byliny, eqoqweni: Russian Folk poetic creativity, M., 1956, p. 350-56.

I. Yebo. Lesenchuk