Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

U-Andrey Eshpay

Ukuzwana okukodwa - umhlaba oguqukayo ... Izwi lazo zonke izizwe kufanele lizwakale ku-polyphony yomhlaba, futhi lokhu kungenzeka uma umdwebi - umbhali, umdwebi, umqambi - eveza imicabango nemizwa yakhe ngolimi lwakhe lwendabuko. Uma iciko liba ngezwe, liba umuntu ngamunye. A. Eshpay

Ngezindlela eziningi, umlando womculi ngokwawo unqume kusengaphambili ukuthinta okunenhlonipho kokwangempela kwezobuciko. Ubaba womqambi, u-Y. Eshpay, omunye wabasunguli bomculo okhokhelwayo waseMari, wagxilisa endodaneni yakhe uthando lobuciko besintu ngomsebenzi wayo wokuzidela. Ngokuka-A. Eshpay, “Ubaba wayebalulekile, ejulile, ehlakaniphile futhi enobuhlakani, enesizotha kakhulu – umculi wangempela okwaziyo ukuzibamba. Isazi esikhulu sezinganekwane, wabonakala eshiya eceleni njengombhali, ebona umsebenzi wakhe wokudlulisela kubantu ubuhle nobukhulu bemicabango yabantu. Wabona ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukulinganisa isikali se-Mari pentatonic ... kunoma iyiphi enye indlela evumelanayo futhi ezimele, kodwa engajwayelekile ohlelweni lobuciko besintu. Ngiyakwazi njalo ukubona okwangempela emsebenzini kababa.”

A. U-Eshpay kusukela ebuntwaneni wathatha inganekwane yabantu abahlukahlukene besifunda saseVolga, lonke uhlelo olunamaculo oludumile lwesifunda sase-Ugric esinokhahlo. Impi yaba isihloko esibuhlungu esikhethekile empilweni nasemsebenzini womqambi - walahlekelwa umfowabo omdala, inkumbulo yakhe inikezelwe ingoma enhle ethi "Muscovites" ("Earring with Malaya Bronna"), abangani. Eqenjini le-reconnaissance, u-Eshpay wabamba iqhaza ekukhululweni kweWarsaw, ekusebenzeni kweBerlin. Izifundo zomculo ezaphazanyiswa impi zaqala kabusha e-Moscow Conservatory, lapho u-Eshpay afunda khona ukuqamba no-N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev kanye nopiyano no-V. Sofronitsky. Waphothula izifundo zakhe ze-postgraduate ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-A. Khachaturian ngo-1956.

Ngalesi sikhathi, imidanso ye-Symphonic ku-Mari Themes (1951), i-Hungarian Melodies ye-violin ne-orchestra (1952), i-First Piano Concerto (1954, uhlelo lwesi-2 - 1987), i-First Violin Concerto (1956). Le misebenzi yaletha udumo olubanzi kumqambi, yavula izingqikithi eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wakhe, yaphikisa ngobuciko imiyalo yothisha bakhe. Kuyisici ukuthi uKhachaturian, owafaka kuye, ngokusho komqambi, "ukunambitheka kwesilinganiso", ikakhulukazi kwaba nomthelela emibonweni ka-Eshpai mayelana nohlobo lwekhonsathi.

Okubonisa kakhulu Ikhonsathi Yokuqala Yevayolini nokuqhuma kwayo kwentukuthelo, ubusha, ukushesha ekuvezeni imizwa, ukukhanga okuvulekile kubantu kanye nohlobo lwamagama. U-Eshpay naye usondelene noKhachaturian ngothando lwakhe ngesitayela sika-M. Ravel, esashiwo ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wakhe wepiyano (I-First Piano Concerto, i-First Piano Sonatina - 1948). Ukuvumelana, ubusha, ukuthelelana ngokomzwelo kanye nokuphana okunemibala nakho kuhlanganisa laba ongcweti.

Isihloko se-Myaskovsky siyingxenye ekhethekile emsebenzini we-Eshpay. Izikhundla zokuziphatha, wona kanye umfanekiso womculi ovelele waseSoviet, umgcini weqiniso nomguquli wesiko, kwaba yinto enhle kumlandeli wakhe. Umqambi uhlala ethembekile kumthetho kaMyaskovsky: "ukuba qotho, ukushisekela ubuciko nokuhola umugqa wakho." Imisebenzi yeSikhumbuzo ekhumbula uMyaskovsky ihlotshaniswa negama likathisha: I-Organ Passacaglia (1950), Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Orchestra ku-Theme of Sixteenth Symphony kaMyaskovsky (1966), i-Second Violin Concerto (1977), i-Viola Concerto (1987-88), lapho kwasetshenziswa khona izinto ze-organ Passacaglia. Ithonya likaMyaskovsky esimweni sengqondo sika-Eshpay ngomlando wezinganekwane lalibaluleke kakhulu: elandela uthisha wakhe, umqambi wafika ekuchazeni okungokomfanekiso kwezingoma zomdabu, ekuhlanganeni kwezingqimba zendabuko ezihlukene zesiko. Igama likaMyaskovsky libuye lihlotshaniswe nesikhalazo kwelinye isiko elibaluleke kakhulu lika-Eshpay, eliphindaphindiwe ezingomeni eziningi, kusukela nge-ballet "Circle" ("Khumbula!" - 1979), - Znamenny ukucula. Okokuqala, kweyesine (1980), eyesihlanu (1986), eyesithupha (“Liturgical” Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) yenza samuntu, okokuqala, umgomo ovumelanayo, okhanyisiwe, we-ethos, izakhiwo zokuqala ze ukuzazi kwezwe, izimiso eziyisisekelo zesiko laseRussia. Ukubaluleka okukhethekile kuthola enye indikimba ebalulekile emsebenzini ka-Eshpay - lyrical.Igxilile kwendabuko, ayijiki ibe ubugovu bomuntu ngamunye, izimfanelo zayo ezingenakuphikwa zigcizelelwa ukuzithiba nokuba lukhuni, ukuqonda ekukhulumeni, kanye ngokuvamile ukuxhumana okuqondile namaphimbo omphakathi.

Isixazululo setimu yezempi, izinhlobo zesikhumbuzo, isikhalo sokuguqula izehlakalo - noma ngabe impi, izinsuku ezikhumbulekayo zomlando - asijwayelekile, futhi izingoma zihlale zikhona ekuqondeni kwazo. Imisebenzi efana neyokuqala (1959), eyesibili (1962) yama-symphonies, egcwele ukukhanya (i-epigraph ye-First - amazwi ka-V. Mayakovsky "Kumelwe sinqobe injabulo kusukela ezinsukwini ezizayo", i-epigraph ye-Second - "Praise ekukhanyeni”), i-cantata “Lenin with us” (1968), ephawuleka ngokubamba kwayo okufana nephosta, ukugqama kobuciko bokukhuluma futhi ngasikhathi sinye nokwakheka kwezwi elihle kunawo wonke, yabeka izisekelo zokuhlanganisa kwasekuqaleni kwesitayela. oratorical kanye nelyrical, inhloso kanye siqu, ebalulekile emisebenzini emikhulu yomqambi. Ubunye "bokukhala nenkazimulo, isihawu nokudumisa" (D. Likhachev), okubaluleke kakhulu kumasiko aseRussia asendulo, kuqhutshekwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene. Okugqame kakhulu i-Third Symphony (Esikhumbuzweni sikaBaba Wami, 1964), i-Violin Yesibili kanye ne-Viola Concerto, uhlobo lomjikelezo omkhulu - I-Symphonies Yesine, Yesihlanu kanye Neyesithupha, i-Choral Concerto. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, incazelo yendikimba yezingoma ithola ukuguquguquka okungokomfanekiso kanye nefilosofi, ukuhlanzeka okwengeziwe okuvela kuyo yonke into yangaphandle, i-subjective-superficial, isikhumbuzo sembethe uhlobo lomzekeliso. Kubalulekile ukushintsha itimu yelyrical isuke kunganekwane-zenganekwane kanye nokulandisa kwe-romantic-heroic ku-ballet i-Angara (1975) iye emfanekisweni ojwayelekile wombuthano we-ballet eyisixwayiso (Khumbula!). Ukubaluleka kwendawo yonke yokuzinikela kwemisebenzi egcwele incazelo edabukisayo, kwesinye isikhathi edabukisayo iya ngokuya iba sobala. Ukubona okuphezulu kwemvelo yokungqubuzana kwezwe lanamuhla kanye nokuzwela kokusabela kobuciko kule khwalithi kuhambisana nesibopho somqambi kumagugu namasiko. I-quintessence yesithombe ithi "Izingoma Zentaba ne-Meadow Mari" (1983). Lokhu kuqamba, kanye ne-Concerto ye-oboe ne-orchestra (1982), yaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo weLenin.

Iphimbo le-objective-lyrical kanye nombala wezwi elithi "choral" ukuchazwa kohlobo lwekhonsathi, oluhlanganisa isimiso ngasinye. Ivezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene - isikhumbuzo, isenzo sokuzindla, ekuzijabuliseni kwezinganekwane, ekukhangiseni imodeli ecatshangelwe kabusha yekhonsathi grosso yakudala, le timu ivikelwa ngokuqhubekayo umqambi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ohlotsheni lwekhonsathi, njengakwezinye izingoma, umqambi uthuthukisa i-motif edlalwayo, imikhosi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, ukukhanya kombala, namandla esibindi esigqi. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ku-Concerto ye-Orchestra (1966), i-Second Piano (1972), i-Oboe (1982) Concertos, kanye ne-Concerto ye-Saxophone (1985-86) ingabizwa ngokuthi "i-portrait of improvisation". "Ukuvumelana okukodwa - izwe elishintshayo" - lawa magama avela ku-ballet "Circle" angasebenza njenge-epigraph emsebenzini we-master. Ukudluliswa kokuvumelana, imikhosi ezweni elingqubuzanayo neyinkimbinkimbi kuqondile kumqambi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuvezwa kwetimu yamasiko, u-Eshpay uphendukela kokusha nokungaziwa. Inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo yendabuko kanye nentsha itholakala kokubili emibonweni yenqubo yokuqamba kanye nomsebenzi womqambi ngokwawo. Ububanzi nenkululeko ekuqondeni imisebenzi yokudala kubonakala kuyona kanye indlela yokwenziwa kohlobo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi itimu ye-jazz nesilulumagama kunendawo ekhethekile emsebenzini womqambi. I-Jazz kuye ngandlela thize ingumgcini womculo uqobo, kanye nendabuko. Umqambi unake kakhulu ingoma yobuningi nezinkinga zayo, umculo okhanyayo, ubuciko befilimu, okubalulekile mayelana namandla amakhulu futhi acacile, umthombo wemibono ezimele. Izwe lomculo neqiniso eliphilayo livela ebudlelwaneni bezinto eziphilayo: ngokusho komqambi, "umhlaba omangalisayo womculo awuvaliwe, awuhlukanisiwe, kodwa uyingxenye nje yendawo yonke, ogama layo lingukuphila."

M. Lobanova