Vano Ilyich Muradeli (Vano Muradeli) |

Vano Muradelli

"Ubuciko kufanele bufane, kufanele bubonise izici eziningi nezivamile zokuphila kwethu" - lesi simiso u-V. Muradeli wayephishekela njalo emsebenzini wakhe. Umqambi usebenze ezinhlotsheni eziningi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko kukhona ama-symphonies angu-2, ama-opera angu-2, ama-operetta angu-2, ama-cantatas angu-16 namakhwaya, angaphezu kuka-50. izingoma zezwi ze-chamber, izingoma ezingaba ngu-300, umculo wemidlalo ye-drama engu-19 namafilimu angu-12.

Umndeni wakwaMuradov wawuhlukaniswa ngomculo omkhulu. “Izikhathi ezijabulisa kakhulu ekuphileni kwami,” kukhumbula uMuradeli, “kwakuwubusuku obuthule lapho abazali bami behlala eduze kwami ​​futhi besiculela thina zingane.” UVanya Muradov wakhangwa kakhulu umculo. Wafunda ukudlala i-mandolin, isiginci, futhi kamuva nopiyano ngendlebe. Uzame ukuqamba umculo. Ephupha ngokungena esikoleni somculo, u-Ivan Muradov oneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa uya eTbilisi. Ngenxa yomhlangano nethuba nomqondisi wefilimu waseSoviet ovelele kanye nomlingisi uM. Chiaureli, owazisa amakhono avelele ale nsizwa, izwi lakhe elihle, uMuradov wangena esikoleni somculo ekilasini lokucula. Kodwa lokhu kwakunganele kuye. Wayehlale ezizwa enesidingo esikhulu sezifundo ezijulile zokuqamba. Futhi futhi ikhefu lenhlanhla! Ngemva kokulalela izingoma ezaqanjwa uMuradov, umqondisi wesikole somculo u-K. Shotniev wavuma ukumlungiselela ukungena e-Tbilisi Conservatory. Ngemva konyaka, u-Ivan Muradov waba umfundi e-conservatory, lapho afundela khona ukuqamba no-S. Barkhudaryan futhi eqhuba noM. Bagrinovsky. Eminyakeni engu-3 ngemva kokuphothula e-Conservatory, uMuradov uzinikela cishe eshashalazini. Ubhala umculo wemidlalo ye-Tbilisi Drama Theatre, futhi wenza ngempumelelo njengomdlali. Kwakungenxa yomsebenzi waseshashalazini lapho ukuguqulwa kwesibongo somlingisi osemusha kwaxhunywa - esikhundleni sika-"Ivan Muradov" kwavela igama elisha kumaphosta: "Vano Muradeli".

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uMuradeli uya ngokuya enganeliseki ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuqamba. Iphupho lakhe ukubhala i-symphony! Futhi unquma ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe. Kusukela ngo-1934, uMuradeli wayengumfundi waseMoscow Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba likaB. Shekhter, bese kuba nguN. Myaskovsky. “Ngohlobo lwethalente lomfundi wami omusha,” kukhumbula uSchechter, “ngakhangwa ngokuyinhloko iculo lokucabanga lomculo, elinomsuka walo endabuko, isiqalo sengoma, imizwa, ubuqotho nokuzenzakalela.” Ekupheleni kwe-Conservatory, uMuradeli wabhala "Symphony esikhumbuzweni sika-SM Kirov" (1938), futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi indikimba yombango isibe yiyona ehamba phambili emsebenzini wakhe.

Ngo-1940, uMuradeli waqala ukusebenza ku-opera ethi The Extraordinary Commissar (emahhala G. Mdivani) mayelana nempi yombango eNyakatho yeCaucasus. Umqambi wanikezela lo msebenzi ku-S. Ordzhonikidze. Umsakazo we-All-Union wasakaza isigcawu esisodwa se-opera. Ukugqashuka kungazelelwe kweMpi Yezwe Enkulu kwawuphazamisa umsebenzi. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi, uMuradeli wahamba namabutho ekhonsathi eNorth-Western Front. Phakathi kwezingoma zakhe zokushisekela izwe zeminyaka yempi, okulandelayo kwagqama: “Sizowanqoba amaNazi” ( Art. S. Alymov ); "Esitheni, i-Motherland, phambili!" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach); "Ingoma YamaDovorets" (Art. I. Karamzin). Ubuye wabhala imashi engu-1 yebhendi yethusi: "March of the Militia" kanye "noMashi Olwandle Olumnyama". Ngo-2, i-Second Symphony yaqedwa, inikezelwe kumasosha aseSoviet-abakhululi.

Ingoma ithatha indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini womqambi weminyaka yangemva kwempi. "Iqembu lingumnqobi wethu" (Art. S. Mikhalkov), "I-Russia iyizwe lami", "I-March of the Youth of the World" kanye "neNgoma Yama-Fighters for Peace" (konke esiteshini sika-V. Kharitonov), " Ihubo labafundi be-International Union” (Art. L. Oshanina) futhi ikakhulukazi “i-alamu yaseBuchenwald” ethinta inhliziyo (Art. A. Sobolev). Kwezwakala kuyunithi yezinhlamvu elulekile ethi "Vikela umhlaba!"

Ngemva kwempi, umqambi waqala kabusha umsebenzi wakhe owawuphazanyiswe ku-opera ethi The Extraordinary Commissar. I-premiere yayo ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ubungani Obukhulu" yenzeka eBolshoi Theatre ngoNovemba 7, 1947. Le opera ithathe indawo ekhethekile emlandweni womculo waseSoviet. Naphezu kokubaluleka kwesakhiwo (i-opera inikezelwe ebunganeni babantu bezwe lethu lamazwe ngamazwe) kanye nokufaneleka okuthile komculo ngokuthembela kwawo ezingomeni zesintu, "Ubungani Obukhulu" babhekene nokugxekwa okungenangqondo okusolwa ngokusemthethweni eSimemezelweni. weKomidi Elikhulu le-All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks yangoFebhuwari 10, 1948. Kamuva iminyaka eyi-10 kuSimemezelo SeKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU “Ekulungiseni Amaphutha Ekuhloleni Ama-opera” Ubungane Obukhulu “,” uBogdan Khmelnitsky “futhi ” Kusuka Enhliziyweni “”, lokhu kugxeka kwabuyekezwa, futhi i-opera ka-Muradeli yenziwa e-Column Hall of the House of Unions emdlalweni wekhonsathi, ngakho ayizange isakazwe nakanye ku-All-Union Radio.

Umcimbi obalulekile empilweni yomculo wezwe lakithi kwakuyi-opera ka-Muradeli ethi “October” (ekhishwe ngu-V. Lugovsky). Ukuqala kwayo kwaba yimpumelelo ngo-Ephreli 22, 1964 esiteji seKremlin Palace of Congresses. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kule opera isithombe somculo VI Lenin. Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe, uMuradeli wathi: “Okwamanje, ngisaqhubeka nokusebenza emdlalweni we-opera othi The Kremlin Dreamer. Lena ingxenye yokugcina ye-trilogy, izingxenye ezimbili zokuqala zazo - i-opera "Ubungani Obukhulu" kanye "no-Okthoba" - sezivele zaziwa kubabukeli. Ngifuna ngempela ukuqeda ingoma entsha yokugubha iminyaka engu-2 yokuzalwa kukaVladimir Ilyich Lenin. Nokho, umqambi akakwazanga ukuqedela le opera. Akazange abe nesikhathi sokuqaphela umbono we-opera "Cosmonauts".

Itimu yomphakathi yaphinde yasetshenziswa kuma-operetta ka-Muradeli: The Girl with Blue Eyes (1966) kanye ne-Moscow-Paris-Moscow (1968). Naphezu komsebenzi omkhulu wokudala, uMuradeli wayengumuntu ongakhathali womphakathi: iminyaka engu-11 wahola inhlangano yaseMoscow ye-Union of Composers, wabamba iqhaza elikhulu emsebenzini we-Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship namazwe angaphandle. Wayehlala ekhuluma emaphephandabeni nase-rostrum ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene zesiko lomculo laseSoviet. T. Khrennikov wabhala: “Hhayi nje ekusunguleni izinto, kodwa nasezindabeni zomphakathi, u-Vano Muradeli wayephethe imfihlo yokuhlalisana nabantu, wayazi indlela yokuvusa izilaleli eziningi ngezwi eliphefumulelwe nelinothando.” Umsebenzi wakhe wokudala ongakhathali waphazanyiswa ukufa - umqambi washona ngokuzumayo phakathi nokuvakasha namakhonsathi ombhali emadolobheni aseSiberia.

M. Komissarskaya