Girolamo Frescobaldi |

Girolamo Frescobaldi

U-G. Frescobaldi ungomunye wezingcweti ezivelele zenkathi ye-Baroque, umsunguli we-Italian organ and clavier school. Wazalelwa eFerrara, ngaleso sikhathi eyayingenye yezikhungo ezinkulu zomculo eYurophu. Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe ihlotshaniswa nenkonzo kaDuke Alfonso II d'Este, umthandi womculo owaziwa kulo lonke elase-Italy (ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, uDuke wayelalela umculo amahora angu-4 ngosuku!). L. Ludzaski, owayenguthisha wokuqala waseFrescobaldi, wayesebenza enkantolo efanayo. Ngokufa kukaDuke, uFrescobaldi ushiya idolobha lakubo futhi uthuthela eRoma.

ERoma, wasebenza emasontweni ahlukahlukene njenge-ogani nasezinkantolo zezikhulu zendawo njengomculi we-harpsichord. Ukuqokwa komqambi kwagqugquzelwa ukusekela kuka-Archbishop Guido Bentnvolio. Kanye naye ngo-1607-08. UFrescobaldi waya eFlanders, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyisikhungo somculo we-clavier. Uhambo lwadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kobuntu bokudala bomqambi.

Ushintsho ekuphileni kukaFrescobaldi kwaba ngo-1608. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khona ukushicilelwa kokuqala kwemisebenzi yakhe: ama-canzones angu-3 wezinsimbi, i-First Book of Fantasy (i-Milan) ne-First Book of Madrigals (Antwerp). Ngawo lowo nyaka, uFrescobaldi wathatha isikhundla esiphezulu nesihloniphekile se-oganist yeSt. Peter's Cathedral eRoma, lapho (ngekhefu elifushane) umqambi wahlala cishe kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Udumo negunya likaFrescobaldi kancane kancane lakhula njenge-oganist kanye ne-harpsichordist, umculi ovelele kanye nomthuthukisi wokusungula. Ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi wakhe e-St. Peter's Cathedral, ungena enkonzweni yomunye wokhadinali base-Italy abacebe kakhulu, uPietro Aldobrandini. Ngo-1613, uFrescobaldi washada no-Oreola del Pino, okwathi eminyakeni engu-6 eyalandela wamzalela izingane ezinhlanu.

Ngo-1628-34. UFrescobaldi wasebenza njenge-ogani enkantolo yoMbusi waseTuscany Ferdinando II Medici eFlorence, wabe eseqhubeka nenkonzo yakhe eSt. Peter's Cathedral. Udumo lwakhe seluphenduke izwe lonke ngempela. Iminyaka engu-3, ​​wafunda nomqambi omkhulu waseJalimane nomculi we-ogani u-I. Froberger, kanye nabaqambi nabadlali abaningi abadumile.

Kuyaxaka ukuthi asazi lutho ngeminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaFrescobaldi, kanye nezingoma zakhe zokugcina zomculo.

Omunye wabantu ababephila ngesikhathi somqambi, u-P. Della Balle, wabhala encwadini ngo-1640 ukuthi kwakunokwengeziwe “kobuqhawe” “kwisitayela sesimanje” sikaFrescobaldi. Imisebenzi yomculo engasekho isesesimweni semibhalo yesandla. UFrescobaldi wafa ekuphakameni kodumo lwakhe. Njengoba ofakazi bokuzibonela babhala, “abaculi abadumile baseRoma” baba nengxenye emngcwabeni.

Indawo eyinhloko emlandweni wokudala womqambi isetshenziswa izingoma zezinsimbi ze-harpsichord nesitho kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi: ama-canzone, amaphupho, ama-richercaras, ama-toccatas, ama-capriccios, ama-partitas, ama-fugues (ngaleso sikhathi umqondo wegama, okungukuthi, ama-canon). Kwamanye, ukubhala kwe-polyphonic kuyabusa (isibonelo, ohlotsheni “olufundiwe” lwe-richercara), kwezinye (ngokwesibonelo, ku-canzone), amasu e-polyphonic ahlanganiswe nama-homophonic (“izwi” kanye nokuhambisana nezinsimbi zokucula).

Elinye lamaqoqo adume kakhulu emisebenzi yomculo kaFrescobaldi ithi “Musical Flowers” ​​(yanyatheliswa eVenice ngo-1635). Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yesitho yezinhlobo ezahlukene. Lapha isitayela somqambi ongenakuqhathaniswa weFrescobaldi sazibonakalisa ngokugcwele, esibonakala ngesitayela "sesitayela esijabulisayo" esinemibono emisha ye-harmonic, amasu ahlukahlukene wombhalo, inkululeko yokuthuthuka, kanye nobuciko bokuhlukahluka. Obekungajwayelekile ngesikhathi saso kwakuwukuchazwa kokwenziwa kwe-tempo nesigqi. Esanduleleni kwenye yezincwadi ze-toccata yakhe nezinye izingoma ze-harpsichord ne-ogani, uFrescobaldi ubiza ukudlala ... "ungabuki ubuhlakani ... ngokwemizwa noma incazelo yamagama, njengoba kwenziwa kuma-madrigals." Njengomqambi nomculi ku-organ kanye ne-clavier, uFrescobaldi waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komculo wesiNtaliyane futhi, ngokubanzi, umculo waseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Udumo lwakhe lwalulukhulu ikakhulukazi eJalimane. D. Buxtehude, JS Bach nabanye abaqambi abaningi bafunda emisebenzini kaFrescobaldi.

S. Lebedev