Oscar Othosiwe |

Oskar Othosiwe

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, umqambi osemncane u-Oskar Fried wamenywa eVienna ukuyocula ingoma yakhe ethi "Bacchic Song" ekhonsathini ye-symphony. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungakaze kudingeke asukume ngemva kwesitendi sikamqhubi, kodwa wavuma. E-Vienna, ngaphambi kokuzilolonga, uFried wahlangana noGustav Mahler odumile. Ngemva kokuxoxa noFried imizuzu embalwa, wavele wathi uzokwenza umqhubi okahle. Futhi embuzweni omangazayo womculi osemusha, uMahler owayengakaze ambone esiteji, wanezela: "Ngizwa abantu bami ngaso leso sikhathi."

Umculi omkhulu akazange enze iphutha. Usuku lokuqala lwaseVienna lwaphawula ukuqala komsebenzi womqhubi okhaliphile. U-Oscar Fried wafika kulolu suku, esevele enempilo eningi nolwazi lomculo ngemuva kwakhe. Eseyingane, uyise wamthumela esikoleni esizimele sabaculi. Abafana abayishumi nambili nengxenye baqeqeshwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa komnikazi ukuze badlale izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, futhi endleleni benza yonke imisebenzi ephansi endlini, edlalwa ubusuku bonke emicimbini, ezindaweni zokucima ukoma. Ekugcineni, le nsizwa yabalekela umnikazi wayo futhi yazulazula isikhathi eside, idlala kuma-ensembles amancane, kwaze kwaba ngo-1889 yathola umsebenzi njengomdlali wezimpondo eFrankfurt am Main Symphony Orchestra. Lapha wahlangana nomqambi odumile u-E. Humperdinck, futhi yena, ebonile ithalenta lakhe elivelele, wamnika izifundo ngokuzithandela. Bese uhamba futhi - iDusseldorf, iMunich, iTyrol, iParis, amadolobha ase-Italy; UFried wayelambile, ekhanyisa inyanga njengoba kwakufanele enze kanjalo, kodwa ngenkani wabhala umculo.

Kusukela ngo-1898, wazinza eBerlin, futhi ngokushesha isiphetho samjabulela: U-Karl Muck wenza i- "Bacchic Song" kwelinye lamakhonsathi, okwenza igama likaFrida lidume. Izingoma zakhe zifakwe ku-repertoire yama-orchestra, futhi ngemva kokuba yena ngokwakhe eqala ukuqhuba, udumo lomculi lukhula ngokuzumayo nemingcele. Kakade eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu le-1901, wenza izikhungo eziningi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kuhlanganise ngokokuqala ngqá ohambweni lwaseMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, Kyiv; ngo-1907, uFried waba umbhidisi oyinhloko weNhlangano Yokucula eBerlin, lapho amakhwaya kaLiszt ayezwakala kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, wabe esengumbhidisi oyinhloko weNew Symphony Concertos kanye neBlütner Orchestra. Ngo-XNUMX, i-monograph yokuqala mayelana no-O. Fried yanyatheliswa eJalimane, eyabhalwa isazi somculo esidumile uP. Becker.

Ngaleyo minyaka, kwakhiwa isithombe wobuciko Fried. Isikhumbuzo nokujula kwemiqondo yakhe yokwenza kwahlanganiswa nogqozi nothando lokuhumusha. Isiqalo sobuqhawe sasisondele kakhulu kuye; izindlela ezinamandla zobuntu zemisebenzi emikhulu ye-symphonism yakudala - ukusuka e-Mozart kuya ku-Mahler - yadluliselwa kubo ngamandla angenakuqhathaniswa. Kanye nalokhu, uFried wayengumsakazi oshisekayo futhi ongakhathali wentsha: ama-premieres amaningi emisebenzi kaBusoni, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Sibelius, F. Dilius ahlotshaniswa negama lakhe; waba ngowokuqala ukwethula abalaleli emazweni amaningi emisebenzini eminingi kaMahler, R. Strauss, Scriabin, Debussy, Ravel.

UFried wayevame ukuvakashela eRussia eminyakeni yangaphambi kokuguquguquka, futhi ngo-1922 yena, owokuqala wabaculi baseNtshonalanga abadumile emhlabeni, wanquma ukuvakashela izwe elincane laseSoviet, elimele ngenxa yempi yombango. Isinyathelo esinesibindi nesihloniphekile sathathwa ngumdwebi obelokhu esondelene nezinkolelo ezithuthukile. Kulokho kuvakasha, uFried wamukelwa u-VI Lenin, owakhuluma naye isikhathi eside “mayelana nemisebenzi kahulumeni wezisebenzi endimeni yomculo.” Inkulumo eyethulo yamakhonsathi kaFrid yethulwe yi-People's Commissar of Education u-AV Lunacharsky, owabiza uFrid ngokuthi “iciko esilithandayo” futhi wahlola ukufika kwakhe “njengokubonakaliswa kokuqala kabusha okukhanyayo kokubambisana phakathi kwabantu emkhakheni wezobuciko. ” Ngempela, isibonelo sikaFried ngokushesha salandelwa ezinye izingcweti ezinkulu.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukuvakasha emhlabeni wonke - kusukela eBuenos Aires kuya eJerusalema, kusukela eStockholm kuya eNew York - u-Oscar Fried wafika e-USSR cishe njalo ngonyaka, lapho ejabulela khona ukuthandwa okukhulu. Futhi lapho ngo-1933, ngemva kokubusa kwamaNazi, aphoqeleka ukuba ahambe eJalimane, wakhetha iSoviet Union. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uFried wayengumqhubi oyinhloko we-All-Union Radio Symphony Orchestra, wahambela lonke izwe laseSoviet, elaba ikhaya lakhe lesibili.

Ekuqaleni kwempi, phakathi kwemibiko yezinsuku zokuqala ezimbi zempi, kwavela incwadi yomngcwabo ephephandabeni i-Sovetskoe Iskusstvo, ibika ukuthi “ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside, umqhubi wesifundo odumile emhlabeni wonke u-Oscar Fried washona eMoscow.” Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, akazange ashiye imisebenzi yokudala neyomphakathi. Esihlokweni esithi “Ukwesabeka KobuFascist”, esabhalwa umdwebi ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, kwakunemigqa elandelayo: “Ndawonye naso sonke isintu esithuthukayo, ngiqiniseka ngokujulile ukuthi ubufascism buzobhujiswa kule mpi ewujuqu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek