Fugetta |

ital. fughetta, lit. - isikhwama esincane; isiFulentshi, isiNgisi fughetta; I-Fughetta yaseJalimane, iFughette

Ilula ngokuqhathaniswa ngokokuqukethwe kobuciko nokucatshangwayo, amasu okuqamba nokuthungwa, i-fugue (1).

F. ngokuvamile zibhalelwa isitho noma ph. (abanye abadlali abayivelakancane: ikhwaya ethi “Limnandi kunoju igama elimnandi” kusukela esenzweni sokuqala se-opera ethi “The Tsar’s Bride”, orchestral intermezzo kusukela kuhlelo lokuqala lwe-opera ethi “Mozart and Salieri” kaRimsky-Korsakov). Njengomthetho, F. ayiqukethe ukuthuthukiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamamuse abalulekile. imicabango, ukunyakaza kwayo kukalwa, umlingisi uvame ukucabangela (org. Amalungiselelo amakhwaya ka-J. Pachelbel), lyric-contemplative (F. d-moll Bach, BWV 1), ngezinye izikhathi scherzo (F. G-dur Bach, BWV 1). Lokhu kunquma ukubukeka kwezindikimba zika-F - ngokuvamile zibe zincane futhi zibushelelezi (ukusetshenziswa kwezingoma zengoma kuyinto evamile: I-Three F. yepiyano kumatimu esi-Russian ngu-Rimsky-Korsakov, i-Piano Prelude kanye no-Fugue “Ehlobo Ekuseni Otshanini ” op. 899 nguKabalevsky). Ezimweni eziningi, indaba F. ngenxa yobuncane bayo, nokho, ukuqonda kwamagama “F.” kanye nokuthi “i-fugue encane” njengama-synonyms akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi (ku-c-moll fugue kusuka kuvolumu yesi-902 ye-Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, izilinganiso ezingama-61; ku-clavier F. No 2 ku-D-dur nge-Handel, izinyathelo eziyi-28). Akunakwenzeka ukudweba umugqa ocacile phakathi kuka-F., i-fugue ne-fugue encane (i-Fp. F. No 3 op. 100 ye-Schumann empeleni iyi-fugue; i-Fp. Fugues op. 4 ye-Myaskovsky ifana no-F.).

F. zakhiwe ngokomgomo ngendlela efanayo namafugue “amakhulu” (bona, isibonelo, i-double F. No4 C-dur ye-Handel's clavier, org. F. kuya ku-chorale ka-Pachelbel), kodwa ahlale emancane ngokwesilinganiso. Ukwakhiwa okuphelele futhi okuzinzile kokuvezwa; ingxenye ekhulayo yefomu ivamise ukuba yincane – ingabi ngaphezu kweqembu elilodwa lezingeniso (ezikhathini eziningi, abaqambi babheka isihlanganisi esilandelanayo noma sokulingisa njengokwanele: org. choral F. “Allein Gott in der Höch' sei Ehr” ka-Bach , BWV 677); ingxenye yokugcina yefomu ngokuvamile ilinganiselwe ebunyeni. ukwenza itimu (fp. F. in h-moll op. 9 No 3 by Čiurlionis). Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamafomu okuphikisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kungakhishiwe (i-canon engapheli ku-F. No 4 ku-C-dur ka-Handel, amabha 10-15, ukuguqulwa kwetimu ku-F. kusukela ku-“Polyphonic Notebook” yepiyano Shchedrin, stretta in ukukhulisa upiyano F. ku-d-moll ngu-Arensky) , nokho izinhlobo ezilula zokulingisa u-F. zivamile. F. kwenzeka njengoba ezimele. umkhiqizo. (F. c-moll Bach, BWV 961), njengokuhluka (Nombolo 10 kanye ne-16 ku-Bach's Goldberg Variations, No 24, ku-Beethoven's Variations on a Waltz ka-Diabelli, F. kungqikithi ye-BACH ka-Rimsky-Korsakov nge-Paraphrases ”), njenge ingxenye yomjikelezo ("Mini Suite" yesitho, op. 20 nguLedenev). Kunombono wokuthi u-F. angase abe ingxenye yengqikithi enkulu (Praut, ch. X), kodwa ezimweni ezinjalo, u-F. empeleni akahlukani ne-fugato. F. kuvame ukwandulela ukungena. ucezu yisandulela noma ifantasy (Amaphupho kanye F. B-dur, Bach D-dur, BWV 907, 908); F. avame ukuhlanganiswa abe amaqoqo noma imijikelezo (Baxa's Preludes and Fughettas, BWV 899-902, Handel's Six Fugues for Organ or Harpsichord, op. 3, Schumann's Four Fp. F. op. 126). Ku-17 - 1st floor. Ikhulu le-18 org. F. njengendlela yokucubungula iculo le-chorale (imvamisa kuphela ezincwadini zokufundisa) lalisetshenziswa njalo nangezindlela ezihlukahlukene (J. Pachelbel, JKF Fischer, JK Bach, JG Walter). Amasampuli aphelele eka-JS Bach (ezinye i-org. F. ezivela engxenyeni yesi-3 “ye-Clavier Exercises” ziyizinguqulo ezilula ezenziwa ngesandla zezinhlelo ezinkulu zamakhwaya: isibonelo, “Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot”, BWV 678 kanye no-679); izandulela ezincane kanye fugues for isitho (BWV 553-560) kanye F. for clavier Bach okuhloselwe pedagogical. imigomo. Abaqambi 2nd floor. Ikhulu le-18-19 (WF Bach, L. Beethoven, A. Reich, R. Schumann, NA Rimsky-Korsakov) waphendukela ku-F. kancane kancane; ekhulwini lama-20 sekwandile ekufundiseni nasekufundiseni. repertoire (SM Maykapar, AF Gedike nabanye).

References: Zolotarev VA, Umhlahlandlela we-Fuga wokufunda okusebenzayo, M., 1932, 1965; I-Dmitriev AN, i-Polyphony njengesici sokubunjwa, L., 1962; Rrout E., Fugue, L., 1894, 1900 Bheka futhi i-lit. ku-Art. I-Fugue.

VP Frayonov