Isifanekiso |
lat. i-figuratio - isithombe, ifomu, isethulo esingokomfanekiso, kusukela ku-figuro - ifomu, ifomu, hlobisa, faka umbala
Enye yezindlela zokucubungula izinto zomculo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kombhalo okwenziwa kusebenze emsebenzini (bheka I-Texture), i-F. iyindlela evamile futhi ephumelelayo yokuguqula indwangu yomculo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-F. Melodich. F. ngekhanda elilodwa. kanye ne-polyphonic. ukwakhiwa komculo. umkhiqizo. ibandakanya ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwe-melodic. imigqa ngokumboza okuyinhloko. imisindo. Esitolo sezinto ezilinganayo, lolu hlobo lwe-F luboniswa ekusebenziseni amazwi. Kulokhu, imisindo engokomfanekiso inqunywa ngokuhlobana kwayo nokuyinhloko futhi ibizwa ngokuthi ukudlula, umsizi, ukuboshwa, ukukhuphuka, ama-cambiates. i-harmonic F. ukunyakaza okulandelanayo ngokusebenzisa imisindo eyakha amachords (imisindo eseduze namaculo ibuye isetshenziswe kaningi). Isigqi. F. unesigqi. ifomula ephinda umsindo noma iqoqo lemisindo futhi engashintshi kakhulu iminyuziyamu. logic yalokhu kwakhiwa. Lezi zinhlobo ze-F. emculweni. umkhuba ngokuvamile kuhlangene, ukwakha izinhlobo ezixubile F., isibonelo. i-rhythmic-harmonic, i-melodic-harmonic.
F. kudala isetshenziswa emculweni. ukuzijwayeza. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka komculo. amacala asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. izinhlobo f. – kusukela kumfanekiso wesigqi sakudala. izikimu kanye nezincazelo ezilula zezisekelo ze-modal kuya emifanekisweni eyinkimbinkimbi. izakhiwo - izingoma. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, uF. wawusetshenziswa engomeni kaGregory (iminyaka yokukhumbula iminyaka eminingi) nasekukhiqizeni. troubadours, trouvers kanye minnesingers. Ochwepheshe be-polyphony basebenzisa izici ze-F. (ukuboshwa, ama-lift, nama-cambiate), kanye nezithombe ezinwetshiwe. ukwakhiwa ezingxenyeni zokuthuthukiswa ze-polyphonic. amafomu (isibonelo, ekuthuthukisweni nasekuxhumaneni kwama-fugues). F. yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ze- prelude, chaconne, fantasy, ne-sarabande. Amasampula endlela kaF. aqukethwe esontweni laseByzantine. umculo kanye ngesiRashiya. imisebenzi yamakhwaya. Ikhulu le-15-18 Ngenkathi ye-bass evamile, u-F. wanda kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-organ kanye ne-clavier improvisations, nakuba izazi ze-theorists of the general bass ezincwadini zabo zingazinakanga kangako izindaba zika-F. futhi zancoma ukuthi u-F. esetshenziswa kwelinye lamazwi kuphela uma elinye liwumculo omnandi. umnyakazo uyama. Emsebenzini wama-harpsichordists aseFrance kanye namaNgisi. izintombi F. waba omunye induna. izindlela zokuthuthukisa umculo. impahla in instr. amafomu, lapho ayevame ukumelela isandiso se-melismatch. amaqembu. Esikhathini se-classicism, i-F. yayisetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile ku-instr. umkhiqizo. (ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo - njengendlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlukahluka kokuhlobisa), kanye ne-wok. (kuma-opera arias nama-ensembles) kokubili emculweni wezwe nasemculweni wesonto (ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesixuku, eRussia - emisebenzini yehlelo ka-DS Bortnyansky, MS Berezovsky, njll.). Emsebenzini wabaqambi bothando, mayelana nokuvela kokucabanga kwe-modal, imisho yayivame ukugcwala i-chromaticism. Emculweni uthi ngekhulu lama-20. F. zisetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni. amafomu, kuye ngesitayela somuntu ngamunye somqambi, kubuciko obuthile. imisebenzi.
References: Catuar G., Inkambo yethiyori yokuvumelana, ingxenye 2, M., 1925; Tyulin Yu., Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wesingeniso sokuhlaziywa kwe-harmonic okusekelwe ku-Bach's chorales, L., 1927; yakhe ethi, Parallelisms in musical theory and practice, L., 1938; eyakhe, Imfundiso yokuthungwa komculo kanye nokuqanjwa komculo, incwadi. 1 - Ukuthungwa komculo, M., 1976, incwadi. 2 - I-Melodic figuration, M., 1977; Rudolf L., Harmony, Baku, 1938; UMazel L., O melody, M., 1952; Karastoyanov A., Ukuvumelana kwePolyphonic, M., 1964; Uspensky H., ubuciko bokucula baseRussia obudala, M., 1965, 1971; Kurth E., Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts.., Bern, 1917, B., 1922 Tosh E., Melodielehre, V., 1931 (Ukuhumusha kwesiRashiya - Toh E., Ukufundisa ngomculo, M., 1923); Schmitz H.-P., Die Kunst der Verzierung im 1928 Jahrhundert Instrumentale und vokale Musizierpraxis e-Beispielen, Kassel, 18; Ferand E., Die Improvisation in Beispielen aus neuen Jahrhunderten abendlandischer Musik Mit einer geschichtlichen Einführung, Köln, 1955; Szabolcsi B., A meludia türténete Vazlatok a zenei stilus m'ltjbbul 1956 kiadbs, Bdpst, 2 (English translation – A history of melody, NY, 1957); U-Apel W., ingoma kaGregory, eBloomington, (e-Indianapolis), ngo-1965; Ghominski J., Historia harmonii i kontrapunktu, t. 1958, Kr., 1, Paccagnella E., La formazione del languaggio musicale, pt. 1958. Il canto gregoriano, Roma, 1; Wellesz E., ukwakhiwa kwe-Melody e-Byzantine chant, Belgrade-Ochride, 1961; Mendelsohn A., Melodia si arta onvesmontarn ei, Buc., 1961; U-Arnold R., Ubuciko bokuhambisana ne-thoroughbass, njengoba kwenziwa ngekhulu le-1963 nele-1, v. 2-1965, NY, XNUMX.
EV Gertzman
