UVladimir Ivanovich Rebikov |

UVladimir Rebikov

Impilo yami yonke bengiphupha izinhlobo ezintsha zobuciko. A. Bely

Ngeminyaka yawo-1910 emigwaqweni yaseYalta umuntu wayengahlangana nokubukeka okude, okungavamile kwendoda eyayihlale ihamba nezambulela ezimbili - ezimhlophe ezivela elangeni futhi zimnyama emvuleni. Lowo kwakuwumqambi nomshayi wopiyano u-V. Rebikov. Njengoba ayephile ukuphila okufushane, kodwa egcwele izenzakalo nemihlangano egqamile, manje wayesefuna ukuba yedwa nokuthula. Umdwebi wezifiso ezintsha, ofuna "ugu olusha", umqambi owayehamba phambili ngezindlela eziningi kunabantu besikhathi sakhe esebenzisa izindlela ezivezwayo ngazinye, kamuva okwaba yisisekelo somculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. emsebenzini ka-A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, K. Debussy - Rebikov wabhekana nesiphetho esibuhlungu somculi ongaziwa ezweni lakubo.

U-Rebikov wazalelwa emndenini oseduze nobuciko (unina nodadewabo babengabadlali bopiyano). Wathola iziqu eMoscow University (Faculty of Philology). Wafunda umculo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaN. Klenovsky (umfundi kaP. Tchaikovsky), wabe esenikela iminyaka engu-3 yokuzikhandla ekutadisheni izisekelo zobuciko bomculo eBerlin naseVienna ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha abaziwayo - K. Meyerberger. (ithiyori yomculo), O. Yasha (izinsimbi), T. Muller (ipiano).

Kakade ngaleyo minyaka, isithakazelo sikaRebikov embonweni wethonya elihlangene lomculo namagama, umculo nomdwebo wazalwa. Ufunda izinkondlo zamasimboli aseRussia, ikakhulukazi u-V. Bryusov, nomdwebo wabaculi bangaphandle bendlela efanayo - A. Böcklin, F. Stuck, M. Klninger. Ngo-1893-1901. URebikov wafundisa ezikhungweni zemfundo zomculo eMoscow, Kyiv, Odessa, Chisinau, ezibonakalisa yonke indawo njengomfundisi ogqamile. Wayengumsunguli wokudalwa kweNhlangano yabaqambi baseRussia (1897-1900) - inhlangano yokuqala yabaqambi baseRussia. Eshumini leminyaka lokuqala lekhulu lesi-XNUMX inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokusuka kokuqamba kanye nomsebenzi wobuciko kaRebikov liyehla. Unikeza amakhonsathi amaningi futhi aphumelelayo phesheya - eBerlin naseVienna, ePrague naseLeipzig, eFlorence naseParis, ufinyelela ukuqashelwa kwezingcweti zomculo zangaphandle ezivelele njengoC. Debussy, M. Calvocoressi, B. Kalensky, O. Nedbal, Z. Neyedly , I. Pizzetti nabanye.

Ezigabeni zaseRussia nezangaphandle, umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu kaRebikov, i-opera ethi "Yelka", udlalwa ngempumelelo. Amaphephandaba nomagazini bayabhala futhi baxoxe ngaye. Udumo lwesikhashana lukaRebikov lwaphela ngaleyo minyaka lapho ithalenta likaScriabin kanye ne-Prokofiev encane yembulwa ngamandla. Kodwa noma kunjalo uRebikov akazange alibaleke ngokuphelele, njengoba kuboniswa isithakazelo sika-V. Nemirovich-Danchenko ku-opera yakhe yakamuva, I-Nest of Nobles (esekelwe encwadini ka-I. Turgenev).

Isitayela sezingoma zikaRebikov (ama-opera angu-10, ama-ballet angu-2, imijikelezo eminingi yohlelo lwepiyano nezingcezu, ezothando, umculo wezingane) ugcwele umehluko obukhali. Ixuba amasiko ezingoma zansuku zonke zesiRashiya eziqotho nezingenasizotha (akuzange kube ngeze ukuthi uP. Tchaikovsky aphendule kahle ekuqaleni kukaRebikov, owathola emculweni womqambi osemusha "ithalente elimangalisayo ... izinkondlo, ukuhambisana okuhle nobuhlakani obumangalisayo bomculo" ) kanye nesibindi sokuqamba okusha. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile uma kuqhathaniswa nezingoma zokuqala zikaRebikov namanje ezilula (umjikelezo wepiyano "Izinkumbulo Zekwindla" ezinikezelwe kuTchaikovsky, umculo wezingane, i-opera "Yolka", njll.) nemisebenzi yakhe elandelayo ("Imidwebo Yesimo, Izinkondlo Zomsindo, Ezimhlophe. Izingoma” zopiyano, i-opera Tea kanye Nogobe, njll.), lapho incazelo ecacile isho isici somnyakazo omusha wobuciko wekhulu lama-50, njengophawu, i-impressionism, i-expressionism, eza phambili. Lezi zincwadi zintsha futhi kumafomu adalwe nguRebikov: "i-melomimics, i-meloplastics, ukuphindaphinda okunesigqi, amadrama omculo-psychographic." Ifa le-Rebikov lokudala lihlanganisa nenani lezindatshana ezibhalwe ngethalente ezimayelana nobuhle bomculo: “Ukuqoshwa komculo kwemizwa, Umculo eminyakeni eyi-XNUMX, u-Orpheus namaBacchantes”, njll. futhi lokhu kuwukufaneleka kwakhe okuyinhloko emculweni waseRussia.

MAYELANA. I-Tompakova

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera (amadrama omculo-wengqondo kanye ne-psychographic) - Ngokuduma kwezulu (okusekelwe endabeni ethi "Ihlathi Linomsindo" Korolenko, op. 5, 1893, post. 1894, City Transport, Odessa), Princess Mary (ngokusekelwe endabeni ethi "The Iqhawe Lesikhathi Sethu "I-Lermontov, ayiqediwe.), Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi (ngokusekelwe endabeni ethi "Intombazane Enomdlalo" ka-Andersen kanye nendaba ethi "The Boy at Christ on the Christmas Tree" kaDostoevsky, op. 21, 1900, okuthunyelwe. 1903, ibhizinisi lika-ME Medvedev, tr “Aquarium” , eMoscow; 1905, Kharkov), Itiye (ngokusekelwe embhalweni wenkondlo yegama elifanayo ngu-A. Vorotnikov, op. 34, 1904), u-Abyss (lib. R ., ngokusekelwe endabeni yegama elifanayo lika-LN Andreev, op. 40, 1907), Owesifazane Ophethe Insangu (lib. R., esekelwe endabeni emfushane yegama elifanayo ngu-A. Schnitzler, op. 41, 1910 ), u-Alpha no-Omega (lib. R., op. 42, 1911), uNarcissus (lib. R., esekelwe ku-Metamorphoses “Ovid ekuhunyushweni kuka-TL Shchepkina-Kupernik, op. 45, 1912), Arachne (lib. R., ngokusho kuka-Ovid's Metamorphoses, op. 49, 1915), Noble Nest (lib. R., ngokwenoveli eyodwa ka-IS Turgenev, op. 55, 1916), i-extravaganza yezingane i-Prince Handsome ne-Princess Wonderful Charm (1900s); ballet - I-Snow White (esekelwe endabeni ethi "Indlovukazi Yeqhwa" ka-Andersen); izingcezu zopiyano, amakhwaya; ezothando, izingoma zezingane (emazwini ezimbongi zaseRussia); izinhlelo zezingoma zesiCzech nesiSlovak, njll.

Imisebenzi yemibhalo: Orpheus and the Bacchantes, “RMG”, 1910, No 1; Ngemva kweminyaka engu-50, 1911, No. 1-3, 6-7, 13-14, 17-19, 22-25; Ukuqoshwa Komculo Wokuzwakala, ibid., 1913, No 48.

References: Karatygin VG, VI Rebikov, "Ezinsukwini ezingu-7", 1913, No 35; Stremin M., Mayelana noRebikov, "Ukuphila Kwezobuciko", 1922, No 2; I-Berberov R., (isandulela), ku-ed.: Rebikov V., Izingcezu Zepiyano, I-Notebook 1, M., 1968.