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I-German Motive, i-French motif, kusukela ku-lat. hamba - hamba

1) Ingxenye encane yomculo, i-harmonic. ukulandelana, okunobuqotho be-semantic futhi kungabonwa phakathi kokunye okuningi okufanayo. izakhiwo. I-M. iphinde imele iyunithi ethile eyakhayo. Njengomthetho, i-M. ihlanganisa isigqi esisodwa esiqinile ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ilingana nebha eyodwa:

L. Beethoven. I-Sonata ye-piano op. 111, ingxenye II.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-tempo, usayizi, ukuthungwa komculo. umkhiqizo. ama-2-bar motifs amakhulu angenzeka:

L. Beethoven. I-Sonata ye-piano op. 7, ingxenye I.

Kwezinye izimo, i-M. ihlukaniswa ngamaseli amancane akhayo, abizwa ngokuthi ama-submotive. I-submotive ayinabo ubuqotho be-semantic futhi ikhona kuphela njengengxenye yakho konke:

F. Chopin. I-Sonata b-moll yepiyano, ukunyakaza I.

Ngokuvamile imethrikhi iqukethe izikhathi ezibuthakathaka ngokwemethrikhi neziqinile noma, ngokuphambene, inkathi eqinile nebuthakathaka. Kukhona futhi M., ehlanganisa eyodwa kuphela, eqinile, isikhathi. Babizwa nge-Truncated M.:

L. Beethoven. I-Sonata ye-piano op. 10 No 1, ingxenye I.

M. ingahlanganiswa ibe ngababili nokuthathu emishwaneni noma ezakhiweni ezinkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zihlukaniswa ngokucacile komunye nomunye noma zihlangane zibe yinto eyodwa. Kwezinye izimo, i-melodic eqhubekayo, exhunyiwe. ukuhlukana ngezisusa kuvele kungenzeki.

M. noma umugqa we-M. (imvamisa emibili), oqala ngawo umculo. ingqikithi yomkhiqizo we-homophonic, yakha ingqikithi yawo. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo phakathi kwetimu kuletha izinguquko ezithile ku-M. yokuqala noma entsha ethi M. Ekupheleni kwetimu, imisindo yokugcina ethi M. Indikimba isekela uhlobo lomsebenzi wonke, lapho iqhathaniswa nezinye izingqikithi futhi ithuthuke. Ukuthuthukiswa kwetimu kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ukubanjwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezigaba. okuhlukile kwetimu eyodwa, ukuhlukanisa (ukuhlukanisa) izingqikithi ngazinye kuzo, futhi zishayisane nezisusa zezinye izingqikithi.

Ukushuba okukhethekile ngokwezihloko. ukuthuthukiswa kufinyelela ekuthuthukisweni kwefomu le-sonata. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuvame ukuba wuchungechunge oluqhubekayo lwemisho, M. - "izingcezu" zezihloko ezishiwo ngaphambilini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-M. ingafakwa ngaphansi kwe-decomp. izinguquko. Izikhawu zabo ezihlanganisayo, isiqondiso salabo abaculayo singashintsha. ukunyakaza (ukwenyuka ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukwehla, futhi okuphambene nalokho), i-harmonic yabo. ukugcwalisa; bangahileleka. uhlobo lwe-polyphonic. ukuxhumana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isigqi sihlala siyinto ezinzile kakhulu. umdwebo izidalwa zakhe. izinguquko kwezinye izimo zingabhubhisa ngokuphelele i-M. futhi zidale, empeleni, entsha.

Umculo othile. umkhiqizo. zimelela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-M. Kuzo, ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela i-M. entsha ivela, noma kunjalo, ihambisana nomsindo weyona eyinhloko noma emele ukuhlukahluka kwayo. Yebo, umculo. ukuthuthukiswa komnyakazo wokuqala we-symphony ka-Beethoven yesi-5 kulandela kusukela ku-motif yokuqala yamabhithi amane:

Lolu hlobo lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo lwe-M. lumelwe kabanzi emisebenzini ka-Beethoven no-Schumann.

Imizamo yokuqala yokuthuthukisa imfundiso kaM. yenziwa esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-18 I. Mattheson, J. Ripel kanye no-GK Koch. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igama elithi "M". abazange bafake isicelo. Isuka e-Italy, lapho kwakusho khona ngekhulu le-18. main thematic aria core. Umnikelo obaluleke kakhulu emfundisweni kaM. wenziwa ekhulwini le-19. AB Marx futhi ikakhulukazi u-X. Riemann. Ngokungafani no-R. Westphal kanye no-T. Wiemeyer, u-Riemann wayeqonda umculo hhayi nje kuphela njengokwakheka kwesigqi, kodwa futhi njengobunye bezinto ezinesigqi, zomculo, ezivumelanayo, ezishukumisayo, ne-timbre.

Uhlangothi olubuthakathaka lwemfundiso ye-Riemannian ka-M. ukuqaphela ukuba khona kwangempela kwe-iambic kuphela (kusuka esabelweni esibuthakathaka kuya kwenamandla), kodwa hhayi i-choreic M. E-Russia, imfundiso ka-M. yathuthukiswa ngu-SI Taneev.

2) Ngomqondo wansuku zonke - ingoma, ingoma, ingoma.

References: Catuar G., Ifomu lomculo, ingxenye 1-2, M., 1934-36; Sposobin IV, Ifomu lomculo, M.-L., 1947, M., 1962; UMazel L., Isakhiwo semisebenzi yomculo, M., 1960; Tyulin Yu. N., Isakhiwo senkulumo yomculo, L., 1962; U-Arzamanov F., SI Taneev - uthisha wezifundo zamafomu omculo, M., 1963; Mazel L., Zukkerman V., Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yomculo, ingxenye 1, M., 1967. Bheka futhi lit. ngaphansi kwesihloko Ifomu Lomculo.

VP Bobrovsky