I-Monothematism |

kusukela ku-monos yesiGreki - eyodwa, eyodwa kanye netimu - siyini isisekelo

Umgomo wokwakha umculo. imisebenzi ehambisana nokuchazwa okukhethekile kwesihloko esisodwa noma iqoqo lezihloko. I-M. kufanele ihlukaniswe nomqondo we-"mono-darkness", obhekisela kumafomu okungewona umjikelezo. ukuhleleka (i-fugue, ukuhlukahluka, amafomu alula anezingxenye ezimbili nezintathu, i-rondo, njll.). M. kuvela ekuhlanganiseni kwe-sonata-symphony. umjikelezo noma amafomu engxenye eyodwa athathwe kuwo anendikimba eyodwa. Itimu enjalo ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-leitteme noma, kusetshenziswa igama elihlotshaniswa namafomu okusebenza futhi lisho into ehlobene ne-M., i-leitmotif.

Umsuka we-M. usekufaneni ngokwezwi kwamatimu okuqala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomjikelezo. umkhiqizo. 17-18 eminyaka, isibonelo. Corelli, Mozart nabanye:

A. Corelli. I-Trio sonata op. 2 no9.

A. Corelli. U-Trio Sonata op. 3 ngo2.

A. Corelli. U-Trio Sonata op. 1 ngo10.

WA Mozart. I-Symphony g-moll.

Kodwa ngomqondo wakhe we-M. waqala ukusetshenziswa ngu-L. Beethoven kuphela ku-symphony yesi-5, lapho ingqikithi yokuqala yenziwa ngendlela eguquliwe kuwo wonke umjikelezo:

Isimiso sikaBeethoven sakha isisekelo sabaqambi be-M. y bezikhathi zakamuva.

G. Berlioz ku-"Fantastic Symphony", "Harold in Italy" namanye ama-cyclical. umkhiqizo. inikeza itimu ehamba phambili (leitmotif) ngokuqukethwe kohlelo. Ku-Fantastic Symphony (1830), le ngqikithi imele isithombe sesithandwa seqhawe, esihamba naye ngezikhathi ezahlukene empilweni yakhe. Kowamanqamu uvezwe kabi ikakhulukazi. izinguquko, ukudweba othandekayo njengomunye wabahlanganyeli kumnandi. umgodi wabathakathi:

G. Berlioz. "Fantastic Symphony", ingxenye I.

Ngokufanayo, ingxenye IV.

EHarold e-Italy (1834), ingqikithi ehamba phambili yenza samuntu isithombe sikaCh. iqhawe futhi uphathiswe i-viola ehlala eyedwa, evelele ngokumelene nesizinda semidwebo yezithombe zohlelo.

Ezimbalwa ze-M. zihunyushwa ngendlela ehlukile ekukhiqizeni. F. Uhlu. Isifiso sokufana nomuntu owanele emculweni siwunkondlo. iziza, ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombe ku-rykh ngokuvamile akuzange kuhlangabezane namasiko. izinhlelo zokwakha umculo. umkhiqizo. ifomu elikhulu, laholela uLiszt emcabangweni wokwakha yonke imikhiqizo yesoftware. ngesisekelo sendikimba efanayo, eyayingaphansi kwezinguquko ezingokomfanekiso futhi yathatha ukubola. umumo ohambisana noDisemba. izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo.

Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, enkondlweni ye-symphonic "Preludes" (1848-54) isisusa esifushane semisindo emi-3, esivula isingeniso, bese, ngokulandelana, inkondlo. Uhlelo lwakha isisekelo setimu ehluke kakhulu, ephikisanayo. amabhizinisi:

F. Uhlu. Inkondlo ye-Symphonic "Izandulela". Isingeniso.

Iphathi eyinhloko.

Iphathi yokuxhuma.

Iphathi eseceleni.

Ukuthuthukiswa.

Isiqephu.

Itimu yobunye. izisekelo ezimweni ezinjalo ziqinisekisa ubuqotho bomsebenzi. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesimiso se-monothematism, u-List wakha isici sakhe se-symphony. izinkondlo uhlobo olusha lwefomu, lapho izici ze-sonata Allegro ne-sonata-symphony zahlanganiswa. umjikelezo. U-Liszt usebenzise umgomo we-M. kanye nomjikelezo. izingoma zohlelo (i-symphony "Faust", 1854; "Dante", 1855-57), nasemisebenzini enganikezwanga ngohlelo lomlomo (i-sonata ku-h-moll yepiyano, njll.). Indlela yokuguqula engokomfanekiso ka-Liszt isebenzisa ulwazi olutholwe ngaphambilini emkhakheni wokuhlukahluka kwetimu, okuhlanganisa nokuhlukahluka kwamahhala kwezothando.

Uhlobo lwe-M. Lisztovsky ngesimo salo esihlanzekile esikhathini esilandelayo sathola ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kuphela, njengoba i-embodiment ifaneleka Sec. izithombe ngosizo lokuklama okuhlukile nje kwesigqi, imethrikhi, i-harmonic, umbhalo kanye ne-timbre yokuphenduka kwephimbo elifanayo (ushintsho oluzoholela ekulahlekelweni kobunye be-thematic ngokwayo) kwehlisa ukwakheka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala, ngokuhambisana nemigomo evamile yama-muses. ukuthuthukiswa kwe-leittematism, i-monothematism kanye nesimiso sokuguqulwa okungokomfanekiso okuhlotshaniswa nabo kuye kwatholakala futhi kusetshenziswe kabanzi (i-symphonies yesi-4 neyesi-5 kaTchaikovsky, i-symphony kanye nenani lekamelo elisebenza nguTaneyev, ama-symphonies kaScriabin, Lyapunov, 7th and amanye ama-symphonies ka-Shostakovich, avela emisebenzini yabaqambi bangaphandle - i-symphony ne-quartet ka-S. Frank, i-symphony yesi-3 ye-Saint-Saens, i-symphony yesi-9 ka-Dvorak, njll.).

VP Bobrovsky