I-Cornet - iqhawe elikhohliwe ngokungafanele lebhendi yethusi

Ikhonethi (i-cornet-a-piston) iyinsimbi yethusi. Ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi izinhlangothi zayo zethusi zikhanya kahle uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinsimbi zomculo we-orchestra. Kulezi zinsuku, inkazimulo yakhe, ngeshwa, yinto yesikhathi esedlule.

I-cornet iyinzalo eqondile yophondo lokuthunyelwe. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lolu phondo lwalwenziwe ngokhuni, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lwalubhekwa njengensimbi yethusi. Uphondo lunomlando ocebile kakhulu; Abapristi abangamaJuda bawuphephetha ukuze izingange zaseJeriko ziwe; ngeNkathi Ephakathi, amaqhawe enza izigigaba zawo ngokukhala kwezimpondo.

Kufanele kwenziwe umehluko phakathi kwensimbi yesimanje ye-cornet-a-piston, eyenziwe ngethusi, futhi eyandulelayo, i-cornet yokhuni (zinc). I-Zink igama lesiJalimane le-cornet. Manje bambalwa abantu abaziyo, kodwa kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nanhlanu kuya phakathi neshumi nesikhombisa leminyaka ikhonethi yayiyinsimbi yomculo evamile kakhulu eYurophu. Kodwa ngaphandle kwe-cornet akunakwenzeka ukwenza ungqimba olukhulu lwemisebenzi yomculo yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili. Imikhosi yamadolobha ngesikhathi seRenaissance yayingacatshangwa ngaphandle kwamakhonethi. Futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha, i-cornet (zinc) e-Italy yaba insimbi yomculo eyedwa yobuciko.

Amagama amabili adumile adlala i-zinc angaleso sikhathi, u-Giovanni Bossano noClaudio Monteverdi, afinyelele kithi. Ukusabalala kwe-violin kanye nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwevayolini edlalwa ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa kwabangela ukuba ikhonethi ilahlekelwe isikhundla sayo njengensimbi eyedwa. Isikhundla sakhe esivelele sahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu enyakatho yeYurophu, lapho izingoma zakhe zokugcina ezicula yedwa zahlehlela emuva engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, i-cornet (zinc) yayilahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kwayo. Namuhla isetshenziswa ekuculweni komculo wesintu wasendulo.

I-cornet-a-piston yavela eParis ngo-1830. USigismund Stölzel ubhekwa njengoyise-umsunguli wakhe. Leli thuluzi elisha lalifakwe ama-valve amabili. Ngo-1869, kwaqala ukuqeqeshwa ngobuningi ekudlaleni ikhonethi, futhi izifundo zaqala eParis Conservatory. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona uprofesa wokuqala, i-cornetist edume kakhulu, i-virtuoso yobuciko bakhe, uJean Baptiste Arban. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, i-cornet-a-piston yayisezingeni eliphezulu lokuthandwa kwayo, futhi kuleli gagasi lavela eMbusweni WaseRussia.

U-Nikolai Pavlovich wayengumbusi wokuqala waseRussia ukudlala izinhlobo eziningana zezinsimbi zomoya. Wayenomtshingo, uphondo, ikhonethi kanye ne-cornet-a-piston, kodwa uNicholas I ngokuncokola wabiza zonke izinsimbi zakhe ngokuthi “icilongo.” Abantu besikhathi sakhe bawasho ngokuphindaphindiwe amakhono akhe omculo avelele. Waze waqamba amamashi amancane, ikakhulukazi ezempi. U-Nikolai Pavlovich wabonisa impumelelo yakhe zomculo emakhonsathini ekamelweni, njengoba kwakuyisiko ngaleso sikhathi. Amakhonsathi ayebanjelwe eWinter Palace, futhi, njengomthetho, babengekho abantu abengeziwe kuwo.

I-tsar yayingenaso isikhathi noma ikhono lomzimba lokuzinika isikhathi njalo ezifundweni zomculo, ngakho-ke yaphoqa u-AF Lvov, umbhali wehubo elithi "God Save the Tsar," ukuba eze ngobusuku bangaphambi komdlalo ukuze azilolonge. Ikakhulukazi i-Tsar Nikolai Pavlovich AF Lvov uqambe umdlalo ku-cornet-a-piston. Ezinganekwaneni, kuvame ukukhulunywa nge-cornet-a-piston: A. Tolstoy "Gloomy Morning", A. Chekhov "Sakhalin Island", M. Gorky "Ababukeli".

Все дело было в его превосходстве над другими медными в исполнении музыки, требующей большей беглости. Корнет обладает большой технической подвижностью и ярким, выразительным звучанием. Такому инструменту в первую очередь дают «нарисовать» перед слушателями мелодию произведения, композиторы доверяли корьные корьные сорушателями.

Icilongo laliyisivakashi esihloniphekile esigodlweni samakhosi nasezimpini. I-cornet ilandelela umsuka wayo emuva ezimpondweni zabazingeli nama-postmen, abanikeza ngayo izimpawu. Kunombono phakathi kongoti nochwepheshe ukuthi i-cornet ayiyona icilongo elizwakala kahle, kodwa uphondo oluncane, olumnene.

Kukhona elinye ithuluzi engingathanda ukukhuluma ngalo - leli yi-echo - cornet. Yathola ukuthandwa eNgilandi ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNdlovukazi uVictoria, kanye naseMelika. Isici sayo esingavamile ukutholakala kwensimbi eyodwa, kodwa ezimbili. Umdlali wamakhonethi, eshintshela kwelinye icilongo ngenkathi edlala, wadala inkohliso yomsindo ongacacile. Ivalve yesibili yamsiza kulokhu. Lolu khetho luwusizo ekudaleni umphumela we-echo. Insimbi yazuza ukuthandwa okubanzi; imisebenzi yadalelwa i-echo cornet, eyembula bonke ubuhle bomsindo wayo. Lo mculo wasendulo usadlalwa ngabakwa-cornetists phesheya ngethuluzi elingavamile (ngokwesibonelo, "Alpine Echo"). Lawa makhonethi e-echo akhiqizwa ngenani elilinganiselwe, umphakeli oyinhloko kube ama-Booseys & Hawkes. Manje kukhona izinsimbi ezifanayo ezenziwe eNdiya, kodwa azenziwa kahle, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha i-echo cornet, abadlali abanolwazi bakhetha amakhophi amadala.

Ikhonethi ifana necilongo, kodwa ishubhu layo lifushane futhi libanzi futhi linamapiston kunamavalvu. Umzimba wekhonethi uyipayipi elimise okwekhoni eline-recess ebanzi. Phansi kwepayipi kunomlomo okhipha umsindo. Ku-cornet-a-piston, indlela yepiston iqukethe izinkinobho. Izihluthulelo zisezingeni elifanayo nelomlomo, phezulu kwesakhiwo. Le nsimbi yomculo ifana kakhulu necilongo, kodwa kunomehluko.

Inzuzo engangabazeki ye-cornet-a-piston ubukhulu bayo - okungaphezu kwesigamu semitha. Ubude bayo obufushane busebenziseka kalula.

Esigabeni esamukelwa ngokuvamile, i-cornet-a-piston ihlukaniswa njenge-aerophone, okusho ukuthi imisindo ekuyo ikhiqizwa ngokudlidliza komoya. Umculi ushaya umoya, futhi, unqwabelana phakathi nomzimba, uqala ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory. Yilapho umsindo oyingqayizivele wekhonethi uvela khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ububanzi bethoni balesi sisetshenziswa somoya esincane bubanzi futhi bucebile. Angakwazi ukudlala ama-octave amathathu, okumvumela ukuthi angadlali nje kuphela izinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezingasoze zabuna, kodwa futhi anothisa imiculo ngokuthuthukisa. Ikhonethi iyinsimbi yethoni emaphakathi. Ukukhala kwecilongo kwakuvame ukuba nzima futhi kungaguquki, kodwa umgqomo we-cornet wawunokuphenduka okungaphezulu futhi uzwakala kancane.

I-velvety timbre ye-cornet-a-piston izwakala kuphela ku-octave yokuqala; kurejista engezansi kuba buhlungu futhi kungabonakali. Ukuthuthela ku-octave yesibili, umsindo ushintsha ube obukhali, ozidlayo futhi one-sonorous. Le misindo ethinta imizwa yekhonethi isetshenziswe kahle emisebenzini yabo ngu-Hector Berlioz, u-Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky no-Georges Bizet.

I-cornet-a-piston nayo yayithandwa ngabaculi be-jazz, futhi akukho nelilodwa iqembu le-jazz elalingenza ngaphandle kwayo. Abathandi be-jazz abadumile bekhonethi bahlanganisa uLouis Daniel Armstrong noJoseph “King” Oliver.

В прошлом веке были улучшены конструкции труб и трубачи усовершенствовали свое профессиональные навыки, что удачва ликиповали некрасочного звучания. После этого корнет-а-пистоны совсем исчезли из оркестров. В наши дни оркестровые партии, написанные для корнетов, исполняют на трубах, хотя иногда можно услышноать и перьаниназер.