Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

Amandla ezintaba, ukunyakaza okusheshayo kwemifula, ukuqhakaza kwemvelo enhle yaseGeorgia kanye nokuhlakanipha kwamakhulu eminyaka abantu bayo - konke lokhu kwakuhlanganiswe ngothando emsebenzini wakhe ngumqambi ovelele waseGeorgia u-O. Taktakishvili. Ngokusekelwe emasikweni ama-classical omculo aseGeorgia naseRussia (ikakhulukazi, emsebenzini womsunguli wesikole sikazwelonke somqambi uZ. Paliashvili), uTaktakishvili wadala imisebenzi eminingi eyayifakwe esikhwameni segolide samasiko ezizwe eziningi zaseSoviet.

UTaktakishvili wakhulela emndenini womculo. Ufunde e-Tbilisi Conservatory ekilasini likaProfesa S. Barkhudaryan. Kwakuphakathi neminyaka ye-Conservatory lapho ithalenta lomculi osemusha laqala ngokushesha, ogama lakhe lase lidumile kulo lonke elaseGeorgia. Umqambi osemusha wabhala iculo, elaqashelwa njengelihamba phambili emncintiswaneni weRiphabhulikhi futhi ligunyazwe njenge-National Anthem ye-SSR yaseGeorgia. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme (1947-50), izibopho ne-conservatory azizange ziphazamiseke. Kusukela ngo-1952, Taktakishvili ufundisa polyphony futhi instrumentation lapho, ngo 1962-65. - ungumfundisi, futhi kusukela ngo-1966 - uprofesa ekilasini lokuqamba.

Imisebenzi edalwe phakathi neminyaka yokufunda kuze kufike maphakathi no-50s ibonise ukulinganisa okunezithelo kombhali osemusha kwamasiko othando akudala. 2 ama-symphonies, i-First Piano Concerto, inkondlo ye-symphonic "Mtsyri" - lena yimisebenzi lapho izithombe nezinye izindlela zokubonisa izici zomculo wezothando futhi ezihambisana neminyaka yothando yombhali wazo ziboniswe ngezinga elikhulu. .

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-50s. U-Taktakishvili usebenza ngenkuthalo emkhakheni womculo wezwi wekamelo. Imijikelezo yezwi yangaleyo minyaka yaba yilabhorethri yokudala yomculi: kuyo wayefuna iphimbo lakhe lephimbo, isitayela sakhe, okwaba yisisekelo sezingoma zakhe ze-opera ne-oratorio. Izingxoxo eziningi zothando emavesini ezimbongi zaseGeorgia u-V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze kamuva zafakwa ezincwadini ezinkulu zikaTaktakishvili zokucula nomculo.

I-opera ethi “Mindiya” (1960), eyabhalwa esekelwe ezinkondlweni zika-V. Pshavela, yaba ingqopha-mlando endleleni yokuqamba yomqambi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, emsebenzini kaTaktakishvili, kuhlelwe ukujikela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu - ama-opera nama-oratorio, nasemkhakheni womculo wezinsimbi - kumakhonsathi. Kwakukulezi zinhlobo lapho izici eziqine kakhulu nezangempela zethalente lokudala lomqambi zembulwa. I-Opera "Mindiya", esekelwe endabeni yensizwa engu-Mindni, enekhono lokuqonda amazwi emvelo, yabonisa ngokugcwele zonke izimfanelo zikaTaktakishvili umbhali wemidlalo: ikhono lokudala izithombe ezicacile zomculo, ukukhombisa ukukhula kwabo kwengqondo. , futhi bakhe izigcawu eziyinkimbinkimbi. "Mindiya" yadlalwa ngempumelelo ezindlini eziningi ze-opera ezweni lakithi naphesheya.

Ama-opera amabili alandelayo kaTaktakishvili - i-triptych "Izimpilo Ezithathu" (2), eyakhiwe ngesisekelo semisebenzi kaM. Javakhishvili noG. Tabidze, kanye nethi "The Abduction of the Moon" (1967) esekelwe inoveli ka-K. Gamsakhurdia – xoxa ngempilo yabantu baseGeorgia ngesikhathi sangaphambi koguquko kanye nangezinsuku zokuqala zokuguquguquka. Ngama-1976s. Kuphinde kwadalwa ama-comic opera, aveza ingxenye entsha yethalente lika-Taktakishvili - ingoma kanye namahlaya anemvelo enhle. Lezi yi-"The Boyfriend" esekelwe endabeni emfushane ka-M. Javakhishvili kanye ne-"Eccentrics" ("Uthando Lokuqala") esekelwe endabeni kaR. Gabriadze.

Imvelo yomdabu kanye nobuciko bendabuko, izithombe zomlando waseGeorgia kanye nezincwadi ziyitimu yemisebenzi emikhulu yezwi ne-symphonic ye-Taktakishvili - ama-oratorio nama-cantatas. Ama-oratorio amabili ahamba phambili ka-Taktakishvili, “Ukulandela Izinyathelo ZikaRustaveli” kanye “no-Nikoloz Baratashvili”, anokuningi afanayo kuwo. Kuzo, umqambi ubonisa isiphetho sezimbongi, ubizo lwazo. Enhliziyweni ye-oratorio Ezinyathelweni zika "Rustaveli" (1963) umjikelezo wezinkondlo zika-I. Abashidze. Umbhalo ongezansi womsebenzi othi "Solemn Chants" uchaza uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezithombe zomculo - lokhu ukucula, ukudumisa imbongi edumile yaseGeorgia kanye nendaba mayelana nesiphetho sakhe esibuhlungu. I-oratorio Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), enikezelwe imbongi yothando yaseGeorgia yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ifaka phakathi izisusa zokudumazeka, izingoma zomculo ezinothando, kanye nokujaha inkululeko. Isiko lenganekwane lisanda kuphikiswa futhi ngokukhanyayo ku-triptych yezwi-symphonic ka-Taktakishvili – “Izingoma ze-Gurian”, “Izingoma ze-Mingrelian”, “Amaculo ezwe ase-Georgian”. Kulezi zingoma, izingqimba zokuqala zomlando womculo waseGeorgia wasendulo zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Eminyakeni yamuva, umqambi wabhala i-oratorio "Nge-lyre of Tsereteli", umjikelezo we-choral "izingoma ze-Kartala".

UTaktakishvili wabhala umculo wezinsimbi eziningi. Ungumbhali wamakhonsathi amane epiyano, amabili e-violin, eyodwa eye-cello. Umculo we-Chamber (i-Quartet, i-Piano Quintet, i-Piano Trio), nomculo we-cinema nethiyetha (i-Oedipus Rex e-S. Rustaveli Theatre e-Tbilisi, e-Antigone e-I. Franko Theatre e-Kyiv, "I-Winter's Tale" e-Moscow Art Theatre) .

U-Taktakishvili wayevame ukwenza njengomqhubi wemisebenzi yakhe (iningi lemidlalo yakhe yokuqala yenziwa umbhali), njengomlobi wezihloko ezithinta izinkinga ezinkulu zokudala umqambi, ubuhlobo phakathi kobuciko bomdabu nobuchwepheshe, kanye nemfundo yomculo. Umsebenzi omude njengoNgqongqoshe Wezamasiko we-SSR yaseGeorgia, umsebenzi osebenzayo ku-Union of Composers yase-USSR naseGeorgia, ukumelwa kwejaji le-All-Union kanye nemincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe - konke lokhu kuyisici somsebenzi womphakathi womqambi u-Otar. Taktakishvili, azinikezela kubantu, ekholelwa ukuthi "awukho umsebenzi ohloniphekile womculi ngaphandle kokuphila nokudala abantu, egameni labantu.

V. Cenova