Imfihlo yamavayolini e-Stradivarius agqamile

Indawo kanye nosuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kompetha wevayolini wase-Italy owaziwayo u-Antonio Stradivari akukasungulwa ngokunembile. Iminyaka elinganiselwe yokuphila kwakhe isuka ku-1644 kuya ku-1737. 1666, eCremona - lokhu kuwuphawu kwelinye lama-violin enkosi, okunikeza isizathu sokusho ukuthi kulo nyaka wayehlala eCremona futhi wayengumfundi waseNicolo Amati.

Inkosi enkulu yakha ama-violin angaphezu kuka-1000, ama-cellos nama-violas, enikela impilo yakhe ekwenzeni nasekuthuthukiseni izinsimbi ezizokhazimulisa igama lakhe phakade. Cishe angu-600 kubo asesindile kuze kube namuhla. Ochwepheshe baphawula isifiso sakhe esiqhubekayo sokunikeza izinsimbi zakhe nomsindo onamandla ne-timbre ecebile.

Osomabhizinisi abasafufusa, abazi ngentengo ephezulu ye-violin yenkosi, bathembisa ukuthenga ama-fake kubo ngokujwayelekile okunomona. I-Stradivari imake wonke ama-violin ngendlela efanayo. Uphawu lwakhe ama-initials AB kanye nesiphambano sase-Maltese esibekwe esiyingini esikabili. Ubuqiniso bama-violin bungaqinisekiswa kuphela uchwepheshe onolwazi kakhulu.

Amanye amaqiniso avela ku-biography ye-Stradivari

Inhliziyo yongqondongqondo u-Antonio Stradivari wayeka ngoDisemba 18, 1737. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi wayengaphila kusukela eminyakeni engu-89 kuya kwengu-94, edala ama-violin angu-1100, ama-cellos, ama-double bas kanye nama-violas. Wake wenza ngisho nehabhu. Kungani ungaziwa unyaka oqondile wokuzalwa kwenkosi? Iqiniso ngukuthi ubhubhane lwabusa eYurophu ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ingozi yokutheleleka kwaphoqa abazali baka-Antonio ukuba baphephele endaweni yakubo. Lokhu kwasindisa umndeni.

Akwaziwa futhi ukuthi kungani, eneminyaka engu-18, uStradivari waphendukela kuNicolo Amati, umenzi we-violin. Mhlawumbe inhliziyo yakho ikutshele? Ngokushesha u-Amati wambona njengomfundi ohlakaniphile futhi wamthatha njengomfundi wakhe. U-Antonio waqala impilo yakhe yokusebenza njengesisebenzi. Wabe esephathiswa umsebenzi wokucubungula izinkuni ze-filigree, esebenza nge-varnish ne-glue. Yile ndlela umfundi afunda ngayo kancane kancane izimfihlo zobungcweti.

Iyini imfihlo yamavayolini eStradivarius?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Stradivari wayazi okuningi mayelana nobuqili "bokuziphatha" kwezingxenye zokhuni ze-violin; izindlela zokupheka zokupheka i-varnish ekhethekile kanye nezimfihlo zokufakwa okulungile kwezintambo zembulwa kuye. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqedwe, umninikhaya wayeseqonda kakade enhliziyweni yakhe ukuthi ivayolini ingacula kamnandi yini noma cha.

Amakhosi amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu awazange akwazi ukudlula iStradivari; abazange bafunde ukuzwa izinkuni ezinhliziyweni zabo ngendlela ayezizwa ngayo. Ososayensi bazama ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela ubungane obumsulwa, obuyingqayizivele bevayolini ye-Stradivarius.

UProfesa Joseph Nagivari (USA) uthi ukuze kulondolozwe ukhuni, i-maple eyayisetshenziswa abenzi bevayolin abadumile ekhulwini le-18 yayifakwe amakhemikhali. Lokhu kube nomthelela kumandla nokufudumala komsindo wezinsimbi. Wayezibuza: ingabe ukwelashwa ngokumelene nesikhunta nezinambuzane kungaba nesibopho sokuhlanzeka nokukhanya okunjalo komsindo wezinsimbi eziyingqayizivele zeCremonese? Esebenzisa i-nuclear magnetic resonance kanye ne-infrared spectroscopy, uhlaziye amasampula okhuni avela kumathuluzi amahlanu.

U-Nagivari uthi uma imiphumela yenqubo yamakhemikhali ifakazelwa, kuzokwazi ukushintsha ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-violin yesimanje. Amaviyolini azozwakala njengesigidi samaRandi. Futhi abavuseleli bazoqinisekisa ukulondolozwa okungcono kakhulu kwezinsimbi zasendulo.

Ivanisha eyayimboze izinsimbi ze-Stradivarius yake yahlaziywa. Kwavezwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kuqukethe izakhiwo ze-nanoscale. Kuvela ukuthi emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka adlule abadali be-violin bathembele ku-nanotechnology.

Eminyakeni engu-3 edlule senze ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo. Kuqhathaniswe umsindo wevayolini yeStradivarius nevayolini eyenziwe nguProfesa Nagivari. Abalaleli abangu-600, kuhlanganise nabaculi abangu-160, bahlole ithoni namandla omsindo esikalini samaphuzu angu-10. Ngenxa yalokho, ivayolini kaNagivari yathola amaphuzu aphezulu. Nokho, abenzi be-violin nabaculi abaqapheli ukuthi umlingo womsindo wezinsimbi zabo uvela kumakhemikhali. Abathengisi be-Antique, bafuna ukulondoloza inani labo eliphezulu, banesithakazelo ekulondolozeni i-aura yemfihlakalo yamaviyolini e-antique.