UGeorge Solti |

Georg Solti

Imuphi kubaqhubi besimanje ongumnikazi wenani elikhulu lemiklomelo nemiklomelo yokuqopha kumarekhodi? Nakuba kungekho sibalo esinjalo esike senziwa, abanye abagxeki bakholelwa kufanele ukuthi umqondisi wamanje kanye nombhidisi omkhulu weCovent Garden Theatre yaseLondon, uGeorg (George) Solti, ubengaba ngumpetha kulo mkhakha. Cishe minyaka yonke, izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe, imiphakathi, amafemu nomagazini bahlonipha umqhubi ngezindondo eziphezulu kakhulu. Uwine uMklomelo we-Edison oklonyeliswe e-Netherlands, uMklomelo wabagxeki baseMelika, uMklomelo kaCharles Cross waseFrance wokuqoshwa kwe-Mahler's Second Symphonies (1967); amarekhodi akhe e-Wagner operas athole i-Grand Prix ye-French Record Academy izikhathi ezine: i-Rhine Gold (1959), i-Tristan und Isolde (1962), i-Siegfried (1964), i-Valkyrie (1966); ngo-1963, uSalome wakhe waklonyeliswa ngendondo efanayo.

Imfihlo yempumelelo enjalo akukhona nje ukuthi uSolti urekhoda okuningi, futhi ngokuvamile nabadlali abacula yedwa njengoB. Nilsson, J. Sutherland, V. Windgassen, X. Hotter nabanye abaculi abasezingeni lomhlaba. Isizathu esiyinhloko isitolo sethalente lomdwebi, okwenza ukuqoshwa kwakhe kuphelele ngokukhethekile. Njengoba omunye umgxeki aphawula, uSolti ubhala “ngokweqa imisebenzi yakhe ngamaphesenti angamakhulu amabili ukuze athole ikhulu elidingekayo ngenxa yalokho.” Uthanda ukuphinda izingcezu ngazinye kaninginingi, ethola ukukhululeka kwetimu ngayinye, ukunwebeka kanye nemibala yomsindo, ukunemba kwesigqi; uthanda ukusebenza ngesikelo kanye ne-glue ku-tape, ecabangela le ngxenye yomsebenzi wakhe futhi inqubo yokudala nokufeza ukuthi umlaleli uthola irekhodi lapho kungekho "ama-seams" abonakalayo. I-orchestra enqubweni yokurekhoda ibonakala kumqhubi njengethuluzi elilodwa eliyinkimbinkimbi elimvumela ukuba afeze ukuqaliswa kwayo yonke imibono yakhe.

Nokho, lokhu kokugcina kusebenza futhi emsebenzini wansuku zonke womculi, insimu yakhe eyinhloko ye-opera house.

Amandla amakhulu eSolti umsebenzi kaWagner, R. Strauss, Mahler kanye nababhali besikhathi samanje. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi izwe lezinye imizwa, ezinye izithombe zomsindo nazo ziyisihambi kumqhubi. Wafakazela ukuguquguquka kwakhe phakathi neminyaka yomsebenzi omude wokudala.

USolti wakhulela edolobheni lakubo i-Budapest, waphothula lapha ngo-1930 e-Academy of Music ebangeni lesi-3. U-Kodai njengomqambi kanye no-E. Donany njengomdlali wopiyano. Ngemva kokuthola idiploma yakhe eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, wabe eseya emsebenzini eBudapest Opera House futhi wathatha indawo yomqhubi lapho ngo-1933. Udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwafika kumdwebi ngemva kokuhlangana noToscanini. Kwenzeka eSalzburg, lapho uSolti, njengomsizi womqhubi, ngandlela-thile waba nethuba lokuqhuba ukuhlolwa komshado kaFigaro. Ngenhlanhla, uToscanini wayesezitolo, owalalela ngokucophelela konke ukuphindaphinda. Lapho uSolti eqeda, kwaba nokuthula okufayo, lapho kwezwakala izwi elilodwa kuphela elishiwo umfundisi: “Bene!” - "Kuhle!". Ngokushesha wonke umuntu wayazi ngakho, futhi ikusasa eliqhakazile lavuleka phambi komqhubi osemusha. Kodwa ukubusa kwamaNazi kwaphoqa uSolti ukuba athuthele eSwitzerland. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engenalo ithuba lokuqhuba futhi wanquma ukwenza njengomdlali wopiyano. Khona-ke impumelelo yafika ngokushesha kakhulu: ngo-1942 wawina umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni eGeneva, waqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi. Ngo-1944, ngesimemo sika-Ansermet, wabamba amakhonsathi amaningana ne-Swiss Radio Orchestra, futhi ngemva kwempi wabuyela ekuqhubeni.

Ngo-1947, uSolti waba yinhloko yeMunich Opera House, ngo-1952 waba ngumbhidisi omkhulu eFrankfurt am Main. Kusukela lapho, uSolti ubelokhu ehambela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu futhi uye wenza njalo e-US kusukela ngo-1953; nokho, naphezu kokunikezwa imali eningi, uyenqaba ngokuphelele ukuya phesheya kwezilwandle. Kusukela ngo-1961, uSolti ubeyinhloko yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ehamba phambili eYurophu - iCovent Garden yaseLondon, lapho enze khona imidlalo eminingi ekhaliphile. Amandla, uthando olushisekayo lomculo lwaletha ukuqashelwa kukaSolti emhlabeni wonke: uthandwa kakhulu eNgilandi, lapho athola khona isiteketiso "umthakathi omkhulu wenduku yomqhubi."

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969