Mayelana ne-harmonic microchromatics

Mingaki imibala ewuthingo?

Isikhombisa - abantu bakithi bazophendula ngokuzethemba.

Kodwa isikrini sekhompyutha siyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha imibala emi-3 kuphela, eyaziwa yibo bonke - i-RGB, okungukuthi, ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu akusivimbeli ekuboneni uthingo lonke emfanekisweni olandelayo (Fig. 1).

NgesiNgisi, isibonelo, ngemibala emibili - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-cyan - kunegama elilodwa kuphela eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi amaGreki asendulo ayengenalo nhlobo igama elisho okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. AmaJapane awanalo igama lokuluhlaza okotshani. Abantu abaningi “babona” imibala emithathu kuphela othingo, kanti abanye babona nemibili.

Ithini impendulo efanele kulo mbuzo?

Uma sibheka umdwebo 1, sizobona ukuthi imibala idlula ngokushelelayo, futhi imingcele phakathi kwabo iyindaba nje yokuvumelana. Kunenombolo engapheli yemibala othini uthingo, abantu bamasiko ahlukene abaluhlukanisa ngemingcele enemibandela ibe eminingana “eyamukelwa ngokuvamile”.

Mangaki amanothi ku-octave?

Umuntu owazi kahle umculo uzophendula - eziyisikhombisa. Abantu abanemfundo yomculo, yiqiniso, bazothi - abayishumi nambili.

Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi inani lamanothi liwulimi nje. Kubantu abamasiko abo omculo anqunyelwe esikalini se-pentatonic, inani lamanothi lizoba amahlanu, ngokwesiko laseYurophu lasendulo kukhona abayishumi nambili, futhi, isibonelo, emculweni wamaNdiya angamashumi amabili nambili (ezikoleni ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene).

Ukuphakama komsindo noma, ngokwesayensi, imvamisa yokudlidliza yinani elishintsha ngokuqhubekayo. Phakathi inothi A, ikhala imvamisa engu-440 Hz, kanye nenothi si-flat kuma-frequency angu-466 Hz kunenombolo engapheli yemisindo, ngayinye esingayisebenzisa ekusebenzeni komculo.

Njengoba nje umculi onekhono engenayo imibala engaguquki engu-7 esithombeni sakhe, kodwa izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemithunzi, kanjalo nomqambi angakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphepha nje ngemisindo evela ku-12-note equal temperament scale (RTS-12), kodwa nanoma yimuphi omunye. imisindo azikhethele yona.

Izimali

Yini evimba abaqambi abaningi?

Okokuqala, yebo, lula ukubulawa kanye notation. Cishe zonke izinsimbi zishunwa ku-RTS-12, cishe bonke abaculi bafunda ukufunda umbhalo wakudala, futhi iningi labalaleli lijwayele umculo ohlanganisa amanothi "avamile".

Lokhu okulandelayo kungaphikiswa kulokhu: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha kwenza kube lula ukusebenza ngemisindo cishe noma yikuphi ukuphakama ngisho nanoma yisiphi isakhiwo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba sibonile esihlokweni esithi ama-dissonances, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abalaleli baya ngokuya bethembeka ekungajwayelekile, ukuhambisana okuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu kungena emculweni, umphakathi owuqondayo futhi owamukelayo.

Kodwa kunobunzima besibili kulo mzila, mhlawumbe obubaluleke nakakhulu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho nje sidlula amanothi angu-12, silahlekelwa yizo zonke amaphuzu okubhekisela kuwo.

Yimaphi ongwaqa abangongwaqa futhi abangekho?

Ingabe amandla adonsela phansi ayoba khona?

Ukuvumelana kuzokwakhiwa phezu kwaziphi izici?

Ingabe kuzoba khona okuthile okufana nokhiye noma izindlela?

I-Microchromatic

Yiqiniso, umkhuba womculo kuphela ozonikeza izimpendulo ezigcwele zemibuzo ebuzwayo. Kodwa sesivele sinamadivayisi athile okuqondisa phansi.

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngandlela thize ukusho indawo esiya kuyo. Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlelo zomculo ezisebenzisa amanothi angaphezu kwangu-12 i-octave ngayinye zihlukaniswa ngokuthi microchromatic. Kwesinye isikhathi amasistimu lapho inani lamanothi likhona (noma ngaphansi kwe-) 12 nawo afakwe endaweni efanayo, kodwa la manothi ahluka kune-RTS-12 evamile. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-Pythagorean noma isikali semvelo, umuntu angasho ukuthi izinguquko ze-microchromatic zenziwa kumanothi, okusho ukuthi lawa amanothi acishe alingane ne-RTS-12, kodwa akude kakhulu nawo (Fig. 2).

Ku-Fig. 2 sibona lezi zinguquko ezincane, isibonelo, inothi h Isikali sePythagorean ngenhla nje kwenothi h kusuka ku-RTS-12, kanye nemvelo h, ngokuphambene, iphansi ngandlela-thile.

Kodwa Tunings Pythagorean kanye zemvelo kwandulela ukuvela RTS-12. Kubo, kwaqanjwa ezabo imisebenzi, kwathuthukiswa inkolelo-mbono, futhi ngisho nasemibhalweni edlule sasithinta ukwakheka kwazo ngokudlula.

Sifuna ukuya phambili.

Ingabe zikhona izizathu ezisiphoqayo ukuthi sisuke ku-RTS-12 ejwayelekile, elula, enengqondo siye kokungaziwa nokungajwayelekile?

Ngeke sigxile kuzizathu ze-prosaic ezifana nokujwayela kwayo yonke imigwaqo nezindlela ohlelweni lwethu olujwayelekile. Masikwamukele kangcono ukuthi kunoma yikuphi ukuklama kufanele kube nengxenye ye-adventurism, futhi singene emgwaqeni.

Ikhampasi

Ingxenye ebalulekile yedrama yomculo into efana nongwaqa. Ukushintshashintsha kongwaqa kanye nama-dissonance okudala amandla adonsela phansi emculweni, umuzwa wokunyakaza, intuthuko.

Ingabe singayichaza i-consonance yama-microchromatic harmonies?

Khumbula ifomula evela esihlokweni mayelana nongwaqa:

Le fomula ikuvumela ukubala ungwaqa wanoma yisiphi isikhawu, hhayi esakudala.

Uma sibala ungwaqa wesikhawu kusuka kuya kuyo yonke imisindo ngaphakathi kwe-octave eyodwa, sithola isithombe esilandelayo (Fig. 3).

Ububanzi besikhawu kuhlelwa ngokuvundlile lapha ngamasenti (lapho amasenti eyiphindaphinda ka-100, singena kunothi elivamile elivela ku-RTS-12), ngokuma mpo - isilinganiso songwaqa: lapho iphuzu liphakeme, kulapho ungwaqa onjalo. imisindo yesikhawu.

Igrafu enjalo izosisiza ukuthi sizulazule ngezikhathi ze-microchromatic.

Uma kunesidingo, ungathola ifomula ye-consonance yama-chords, kodwa izobukeka iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze senze kube lula, singakhumbula ukuthi noma iyiphi i-chord iqukethe izikhawu, futhi ungwaqa wephimbo lungalinganiswa ngokunembile ngokwazi ungwaqa wazo zonke izikhawu eziwakhayo.

Imephu yendawo

Ukuvumelana komculo akugcini ekuqondweni kongwaqa.

Isibonelo, ungathola i-consonant ngaphezu kwe-triad encane, noma kunjalo, idlala indima ekhethekile ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo. Sifunde lesi sakhiwo kwelinye lamanothi adlule.

Kuhle ukucabangela izici ze-harmonic zomculo ku isikhala sokuphindaphindeka, noma i-PC ngamafuphi.

Ake sikhumbule kafushane ukuthi yakhiwe kanjani esimweni se-classical.

Sinezindlela ezintathu ezilula zokuxhuma imisindo emibili: ukuphindaphinda ngo-2, ukuphindaphinda ngo-3 nokuphindaphinda ngo-5. Lezi zindlela zikhiqiza izimbazo ezintathu esikhaleni sokuphindaphinda (PC). Isinyathelo ngasinye kunoma iyiphi i-eksisi siwukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphinda okuhambisanayo (Fig. 4).

Kulesi sikhala, lapho amanothi esondelana, yilapho azokwakheka khona ongwaqa.

Zonke izakhiwo ze-harmonic: ama-frets, okhiye, ama-chords, imisebenzi ithola ukumelwa okubonakalayo kwejometri ku-PC.

Ungabona ukuthi sithatha izinombolo eziyinhloko njengezici zokuphindaphindeka: 2, 3, 5. Inombolo eyinhloko igama lezibalo elisho ukuthi inombolo ihlukaniseka ngo-1 futhi ngokwayo.

Lokhu kukhetha kokuphindaphindeka kuyathetheleleka. Uma sengeza i-eksisi enobuningi “okungelula” ku-PC, ngeke sithole amanothi amasha. Isibonelo, isinyathelo ngasinye eduze kwe-eksisi yokuphindaphinda 6, ngokwencazelo, ukuphindaphinda ngo-6, kodwa 6=2*3, ngakho-ke, singathola wonke lawa manothi ngokuphindaphinda u-2 no-3, okungukuthi, sase sinawo wonke ngaphandle kwalezi zimbazo. Kodwa, isibonelo, ukuthola u-5 ngokuphindaphinda u-2 no-3 ngeke kusebenze, ngakho-ke, amanothi ku-eksisi yokuphindaphinda 5 azoba masha.

Ngakho-ke, ku-PC kunengqondo ukwengeza izimbazo zokuphindaphinda okulula.

Inombolo eyinhloko elandelayo emva kuka-2, 3 no-5 ngu-7. Yile okufanele isetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kwe-harmonic.

Uma inothi imvamisa kuya siphindaphinda ngo-7 (sithatha isinyathelo esingu-1 eksisi entsha), bese i-octave (hlukanisa ngo-2) sidlulisela umsindo ophumayo ku-octave yasekuqaleni, sithola umsindo omusha ngokuphelele ongasetshenzisiwe ezinhlelweni zomculo zakudala.

Isikhawu esihlanganisa kuya futhi leli nothi lizozwakala kanje:

Usayizi walesi sikhawu ngamasenti angama-969 (isenti liyi-1/100 ye-semitone). Lesi sikhawu sithi sincane kunesesikhombisa esincane (amasenti angu-1000).

Kumfanekiso wesi-3 ungabona iphuzu elihambisana nalesi sikhawu (ngezansi ligqanyiswe ngokubomvu).

Isilinganiso songwaqa salesi sikhawu singu-10%. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ingxenye yesithathu encane inongwaqa ofanayo, kanti owesikhombisa omncane (kokubili okwemvelo kanye ne-Pythagorean) ungwaqa omncane wesikhawu kunalona. Kuhle ukubalula ukuthi siqonde ungwaqa obaliwe. Ungwaqa ozwakalayo ungase uhluke ngandlela-thile, njengengxenye yesikhombisa encane yokuzwa kwethu, isikhawu sijwayeleke kakhulu.

Ingabe leli nothi elisha lizotholakala kuphi ku-PC? Ikuphi ukuvumelana esingakwakha nayo?

Uma sikhipha i-octave axis (i-axis of multiplicity 2), khona-ke i-PC ye-classical izoba flat (Fig. 5).

Wonke amanothi atholakala ku-octave komunye nomunye abizwa ngokuthi afanayo, ngakho ukunciphisa okunjalo kusemthethweni ngezinga elithile.

Kwenzekani uma ungeza ukuphindaphinda okungu-7?

Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, ukuphindaphindeka okusha kubangela i-eksisi entsha ku-PC (Fig. 6).

Isikhala siba yi-three-dimensional.

Lokhu kunikeza inani elikhulu lamathuba.

Isibonelo, ungakha ama-chords ezindizeni ezahlukene (Fig. 7).

Ocezwini lomculo, ungasuka kwelinye indiza uye kwenye, wakhe ukuxhumana okungalindelekile namaphoyinti aphikisayo.

Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi udlulele ngale kwezibalo eziyisicaba futhi wakhe izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu: ngosizo lwama-chords noma ngosizo lokunyakaza ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ukudlala ngezibalo ze-3D, ngokusobala, kuzoba yisisekelo se-harmonic microchromatics.

Nasi isifaniso kulokhu kuhlobana.

Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho umculo usuka ohlelweni lwePythagorean “oluqondile” luye kwelemvelo “eyisicaba”, okungukuthi, lashintsha ubukhulu ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2, umculo waba nenye yezinguquko eziyisisekelo. Amathoni, i-polyphony egcwele, ukusebenza kwamaculo kanye nenani elingenakubalwa lezinye izindlela ezivezwayo. Umculo wazalwa kabusha.

Manje sibhekene noguquko lwesibili - i-microchromatic - lapho ubukhulu bushintsha ukusuka ku-2 ukuya ku-3.

Njengoba nje abantu beNkathi Ephakathi babengakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi “umculo we-flat” ungaba njani, ngakho-ke kunzima ngathi manje ukucabanga ukuthi umculo onezinhlangothi ezintathu uzoba njani.

Asiphile sizwe.

Umbhali - Roman Oleinikov