Crescendo, crescendo |

IsiNtaliyane, ukukhanya. - ukwanda, ukwanda

Ukwanda kancane kancane kokuqina komsindo. Isilinganiso kanye nemvelo yokusetshenziswa kwe-S., kanye ne-diminuendo ephambene nayo, yavela kanye neminyuziyamu ngokwayo. funa futhi ugcwalise. kusho. Kusukela kuze kufike ku-ser. Ikhulu le-18 amandla e-forte nepiyano abusayo (bona i-Dynamics), i-S. ithole ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kuphela, Ch. ar. emculweni wezwi elilodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, S., njengamanye ashukumisayo. ama-shades namasu, angabonisiwe kumanothi. Ngokuvumelana. Kwethulwe izipesheli zekhulu le-16. izimpawu ze-forte nepiyano. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi lezi zimpawu ku-pl. izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-S. noma i-diminuendo nakho kwanqunywa kusengaphambili ekushintsheni ukusuka ku-forte ukuya kupiyano futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukuthuthukiswa ku-con. 17 - cela. Umculo wevayolini wekhulu le-18 uholele ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwe-S. kanye ne-diminuendo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 laqala ukusetshenziswa kanye nezimpawu ezikhethekile zokuziqoka. Amamaki anjalo atholakala ku-F. Geminiani (1739) kanye no-PM Veracini (1744), owacabanga no-S. no-diminuendo kunothi elilodwa kuphela. Izimpawu ezisetshenziswe u-Veracini (ngokwesibonelo, emsebenzini ka-JF Rameau ngemva kuka-1733), kamuva zaphenduka zaba < futhi > ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Kusuka ku-Ser. Abaqambi bekhulu le-18 baqala ukusebenzisa izibizo zomlomo ezithi S. kanye ne-diminuendo (okwasetshenziswa kuzo amagama athi decrescendo nelithi rinforzando). Ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-S. buncike kakhulu kumathuluzi. Ngakho, i-harpsichord, eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi ekhulwini le-16-18, ngenxa yomklamo wayo ayizange ivumele ukwanda kancane kancane kwamandla omsindo. Kwakukhona futhi ukwanda kancane kancane emandleni omsindo wesitho, esathola ikhono le-S. kuphela ngekhulu le-19. UMn. izinsimbi zasendulo zazinomsindo obuthakathaka, owawunciphisa amathuba okusebenzisa i-C. Lokhu kwakunjalo, isibonelo, nge-clavichord. S. isikali esibanzi sesifinyeleleke ezintanjeni. izinsimbi zekhibhodi kuphela ngemva kokuba i-clavichord ne-harpsichord ziphushelwe ku-con. 18 - cela. I-piano yekhulu le-19. Nakuba i-S. kanye ne-diminuendo ku-fp. zinyathela ngezinga elithile (njengoba umsindo ngamunye ngemva kokushaywa kwesando uphela ngokushesha noma kancane, futhi ukukhuliswa noma ukuwohloka komsindo kungenzeka kuphela kusukela ekushayweni kuya kokushaywa), ngenxa yomculo-ngokwengqondo. izici, lokhu akuphazamisi umbono we-S. kanye ne-diminuendo ku-FP. bushelelezi, kancane kancane. Izikali ezinkulu ze-S. ne-diminuendo zifinyeleleka ku-orchestra. Nokho, kokubili i-orchestra S. kanye ne-diminuendo kwavela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamamuse ngokwawo. art-va, kanye nokukhula nokunothisa i-orchestra. Abaqambi besikole saseMannheim baqala ukusebenzisa ama-orchestral wezinga elikhulu nobude ngaphambi kwabanye ezingomeni zabo. Ama-symphony anjalo awafinyelelwanga ngokwandisa isibalo samazwi anomsindo (indlela eyayivamile), kodwa ngokwandisa amandla omsindo wayo yonke i-orchestra. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqokwa okukhethekile kwe-S. - cresc ..., cres. amazolo abe amazolo, bese kuthi kamuva kube…cen…do.

Idramaturgy ebaluleke kakhulu. Imisebenzi ka-S yenziwa nge-symphony. umkhiqizo. L. Beethoven. Esikhathini esilandelayo, i-S. igcina ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kwayo. Ekhulwini lama-20 isibonelo esiphawulekayo sokusetshenziswa kwe-S. yi-M. Ravel's Bolero, eyakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni ngokwanda kancane kancane, kancane kancane kumandla omsindo. Ngesisekelo esisha, u-Ravel ubuyela lapha ekwamukelweni komculo wokuqala - onamandla. ukwanda akuxhunyiwe kakhulu ngokunyuka kwevolumu yomsindo wezinsimbi ezifanayo, kodwa ngokufaka okusha.

References: Riemann H., On the Origin of Dynamic Swell Signs, «ZIMG», 1909, Vol. 10, H. 5, amakhasi 137-38; Heuss A., KwiDynamics Yesikole saseMannheim. Festschrift H. Riemann, Lpz., 1909.