I-Cantus firmus, i-cantus firmus

lat., lit. - iculo elinamandla, noma eliqinile, eliculayo, elinamandla, elingaguquki; ital. canto fermo

Ngekhulu le-15-16. indikimba yomsebenzi omkhulu wamakhwaya. (ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye zayo kuphela), ebolekwe umqambi emiculweni ekhona (yezwe, engokomoya) noma eqanjwe nguye futhi esebenza njengesisekelo seminyuziyamu. amafomu. Ngaphambilini C. f. ifomu kwakuyi-cantus planus (ngisho nokucula), ngokusho kuka-Tinktoris, okuhlanganisa amanothi esikhathi esingenamkhawulo (empeleni, amakhulu) kanye nesici sengoma kaGregory (bona ingoma kaGregory). I-C. f., njenge-cantus planus, yayibhalwe ngamanothi esikhathi eside futhi yayivame ukufakwa ku-tenor (ngakho igama laleli zwi: lisuka kuLatin tenere - ngiyabamba, ngiyadonsa).

C. f. wanquma okuqukethwe kwezwi komkhiqizo, njengoba wonke amazwi akhe ngokuvamile ayesekelwe emculweni. umfundisi C.f. ngesigqi samahhala. ukuguqulwa. Lezi zingxenye ezivela ku-C.f. kanye nezingxenye zayo, izindikimba zenziwa ngokulingisa kwamanye amazwi, okubangela ubunye bokuqanjwa nobudlelwano obaziwayo besigqi obuhlukile no-C. f. Emijikelezweni emikhulu yokukhiqiza, isb. ngobuningi, ngokubamba okuphindaphindiwe kuka-S. f. ngezinye izikhathi izinhlobonhlobo zayo zazisetshenziswa ekujikelezeni nasekuhambeni (J. Despres - IMisa "Indoda Ehlomile", izingxenye zeGloria neCredo). Ngokufika kwe-ricercar phakathi. Ikhulu le-16 C. f. kancane kancane udlulela kuleli fomu ngendlela yokufeza ingqikithi ngokuphindwe kabili, i-quadruple magnification (A. Gabrieli nabanye) futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, iba esinye sezakhi ezilungise i-fugue. Incazelo ehlukile ye-C. f. ingena kuyo. "ingoma ye-tenor" (i-Tenorlied) yekhulu le-16, ezinhlelweni zamakwaya zekhulu le-17-18. (S. Scheidt, D. Buxtehude, J. Pachelbel, JS Bach) – iculo layo ngisho nangesikhathi eside lihlanganiswa namazwi aphikisayo, athuthukiswe ngokwesigqi kanye nangephimbo. Ukuqhubeka kwalesi siko ngekhulu le-19. zacutshungulwa Nar. izingoma zika-I. Brahms (“German Folk Songs”, 1858). Njengenguquko yesimiso esidala sokusebenzisa i-C. f. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-basso ostinato, eyasakazeka ngekhulu le-17-18, ingacatshangelwa.

References: Sokolov N., Ukulingisa kuCantus firmus. Umhlahlandlela wokufunda i-counterpoint eqinile. L., 1928; Aubry P., (Gastouy A.), Recherches sur les “Tenors” latins dans les motets du XIII siècle d'apris le manuscript de Montpellier, “La Tribune de Saint-Gervais”, XIII, 1907, ed. ed. – Aubry P., Recherches sur les “Tenors” français …, P., 1907; Sawyer FH, Ukusetshenziswa nokwelashwa kwe-canto fermo yisikole saseNetherlands sekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, Amaphepha e-American Musicological Society, v. LXIII, 1937; Meier B., Die Harmonik im cantus firmus-haltigen Satz des 15. Jahrhunderts, “AfMw”, Jahrg. IX, 1952, H. 1; Schmidt G., Zur Frage des Cantus firmus im 14. und beginnenden 15. Jahrhundert, “AfMw”, Jahrg. XV, 1958, no. 4; Finsher L., Zur Cantus firmus-Behandlung in der Psalm-Motette der Josquinzeit, in H. Albrecht in memoriam, Kassel, 1962, s. 55-62; Izinhlansi EH, Cantus firmus ngobuningi kanye motet. 1420-1520, Berk. - Los Ang., 1963.

TF Müller