Umlando we-zurna

icela – insimbi yomculo yomoya womhlanga, iyishubhu yokhuni emfushane enensimbi nezimbobo ezisemaceleni ezingu-7-8. I-Zurna ihlukaniswa nge-timbre ekhanyayo futhi ehlabayo, enesilinganiso ngaphakathi kwe-octave eyodwa nengxenye.

I-zurna iyithuluzi elinomlando ocebile. EGrisi lasendulo, umanduleli we-zurna wayebizwa ngokuthi ama-aulos. I-Avlos yayisetshenziswa emidlalweni yaseshashalazini, imihlatshelo kanye nemikhankaso yezempi. Umsuka uhlotshaniswa negama lomculi omangalisayo u-Olympus. U-Avlos uthole ukuqashelwa kwakhe emiculweni kaDionysus. Kamuva yasakazekela emazweni ase-Asia, e-Near naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-zurna idumile e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, eGeorgia, eTurkey, e-Armenia, e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan.

I-Zurna yaduma eRussia, lapho yayibizwa ngokuthi i-surna. ISurna kukhulunywa ngayo ezincwadini zekhulu le-13.

Ngokusho kwemigqa yezinkondlo, izikhumbuzo zempucuko yasendulo nokudweba e-Azerbaijan, kungashiwo ngokuqiniseka ukuthi i-zurna isetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kubantu yayibizwa ngokuthi "gara zurnaya". Igama lihlotshaniswa nomthunzi we-trunk kanye nevolumu yomsindo. Ngaphambilini, ama-Azerbaijani ahamba namadodana abo ebuthweni ukuze alalele umsindo we-zurna, abambe imishado, ahlele imidlalo kanye nemincintiswano yezemidlalo. Eculweni elithi "Gyalin atlandy", umakoti waya endlini yomshado wakhe. Imisindo yensimbi yasiza abahlanganyeli ukuba bawine emiqhudelwaneni yezemidlalo. Bekudlalwa nangesikhathi kwenziwa utshani nokuvuna. Emikhosini yendabuko, i-zurna yayisetshenziswa kanye ne-gaval.

Okwamanje, kunamathuluzi amaningana afana ne-zurna: 1. I-Avlos yaqala ukudalwa ngesikhathi saseGrisi lasendulo. Leli thuluzi lingaqhathaniswa ne-oboe. 2. I-oboe iyisihlobo se-zurna kuma-orchestra e-symphony. Kubhekiselwa kumathuluzi omoya. Iqukethe ithubhu elide elingama-60 cm. Ishubhu inama-valve aseceleni alawula ukuvama komsindo. Ithuluzi linobubanzi obuphezulu. I-oboe isetshenziselwa ukudlala izingoma zomculo.

I-Zurna yenziwe ngezinhlobo zokhuni oluqinile, njenge-elm. I-pishchik iyingxenye yensimbi futhi inomumo wamapuleti omhlanga amabili axhunyiwe. Ibhobo lisesimweni sekhoni. Ukucushwa kwesiteshi kuthinta umsindo. I-barrel cone ikhiqiza umsindo ogqamile futhi obukhali. Ekupheleni komgqomo kunomkhono oklanyelwe ukulungisa ipuleti. Ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesici esifanayo, amathiphu amazinyo avala izimbobo ezi-3 eziphezulu. Iphinikhodi ifakwa ngaphakathi komkhono, inesokhethi eyindilinga. I-Zurna ifakwe izinti ezengeziwe eziboshwe ethuluzini ngentambo noma iketanga. Ngemva kokuphela komdlalo, kufakwa ikesi lepulangwe emobeni.

Emculweni wesintu, ama-zurna ama-2 asetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umsindo wokuluka ukhiqizwa ukuphefumula ngamakhala. Ukuze udlale, insimbi ibekwa phambi kwakho ngokuthambekela okuncane. Ngomculo omfushane, umculi uphefumula ngomlomo wakhe. Ngokukhala isikhathi eside, umenzi kufanele aphefumule ngamakhala. I-Zurna inobubanzi obusuka kokuthi “B-flat” be-octave encane ukuya “kuya” kwe-octave yesithathu.

Okwamanje, i-zurna ingenye yezinsimbi zebhendi yethusi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingadlala indima yensimbi eyedwa.