Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1972). Isimo somculo sizungeze umculi wesikhathi esizayo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Abazali bakhe babengabaculi futhi bedlala kuma-orchestra ahlukahlukene. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi unina kaKondrashin, u-A. Tanina, wayengowesifazane wokuqala ukuqhudelana e-Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra ngo-1918.) Ekuqaleni wadlala upiyano (isikole somculo, isikole sezobuchwepheshe se-VV Stasov), kodwa lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa wanquma ukuba umqhubi futhi wangena eMoscow Conservatory. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, waphothula izifundo ze-Conservatory ekilasini lika-B. Khaikin. Ngisho nangaphambili, ukukhula kwama-horizons akhe omculo kwaqhutshwa kakhulu ngamakilasi ngokuvumelana, i-polyphony kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamafomu no-N. Zhilyaev.

Izinyathelo zokuqala ezizimele zomculi osemusha zixhumene ne-Musical Theatre ebizwa ngokuthi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Ekuqaleni wayedlala izinsimbi zomculo we-orchestra, kwathi ngo-1934 wenza i-debut yakhe njengomqhubi - ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe kwakuyi-operetta "Corneville Bells" kaPlunket, futhi kamuva "Cio-Cio-san" kaPuccini.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula e-Conservatory, uKondrashin wamenywa eLeningrad Maly Opera Theatre (1937), eyayiholwa uthisha wakhe, uB. Khaikin. Lapha ukwakheka kwesithombe sokudala somqhubi kwaqhubeka. Wabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngemva komsebenzi wokuqala ozimele ku-opera ka-A. Pashchenko "Pompadours", waphathiswa imisebenzi eminingi ye-repertoire yasendulo nesimanje: "Umshado we-Figaro", "Boris Godunov", "Umlobokazi Oshintshiwe", "Tosca", " Intombazane yaseNtshonalanga", "Thula uDon".

Ngo-1938, u-Kondrashin wabamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wokuQala we-All-Union Conducting Competition. Waklonyeliswa ngediploma yeziqu zesibili. Lokhu kube yimpumelelo ngokungangabazeki kulo mculi oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nane, ngoba abaphumelele lo mncintiswano bebevele bengabaculi abaphelele.

Ngo-1943, uKondrashin wangena eBolshoi Theatre yase-USSR. I-repertoire yaseshashalazini yomqhubi ikhula nakakhulu. Uqala lapha nge-"The Snow Maiden" ka-Rimsky-Korsakov, wabe esefaka "Umlobokazi Oshintshiwe" ngu-Smetana, "Pebble" kaMonyushko, "The Force of the Enemy" kaSerov, "Bela" ka-An. Alexandrova. Nokho, kakade ngaleso sikhathi Kondrashin waqala ukudonsa kakhudlwana ekuqhubeni symphonic. Uhola i-Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra, okwathi ngo-1949 yawina iGrand Prix eMkhosini waseBudapest.

Kusukela ngo-1956, Kondrashin uye wazinikela ngokuphelele ekhonsathini umsebenzi. Khona-ke akazange abe ne-orchestra yakhe ehlala njalo. Ohambweni lwaminyaka yonke lwakuleli, kumele acule namaqembu ahlukene; nabanye ubambisana njalo. Ngenxa yokuzikhandla kwakhe, isibonelo, i-orchestra efana ne-Gorky, i-Novosibirsk, i-Voronezh ithuthukise kakhulu izinga labo lobuchwepheshe. Umsebenzi wenyanga eyodwa nesigamu we-Kondrashin ne-Pyongyang Orchestra e-DPRK ubuye waletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, abadlali bezinsimbi abavelele baseSoviet bazinikela ngokuzithandela ekuhlanganiseni noKondrashin njengomqhubi. Ikakhulukazi, u-D. Oistrakh wamnika umjikelezo othi "Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhonsathi Yevayolini", futhi u-E. Gilels wadlala wonke amakhonsathi ka-Beethoven amahlanu. U-Kondrashin uphinde waphelezela emzuliswaneni wokugcina we-First International Tchaikovsky Competition (1958). Ngokushesha "i-duet" yakhe nomnqobi womncintiswano wepiyano uVan Cliburn wezwakala e-USA nase-England. Ngakho uKondrashin waba umqhubi wokuqala waseSoviet ukucula e-United States. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwadingeka enze ngokuphindaphindiwe ezitejini zekhonsathi emhlabeni wonke.

Isigaba esisha nesibaluleke kakhulu somsebenzi wobuciko kaKondrashin saqala ngo-1960, lapho ehola i-Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra. Ngesikhashana esifushane, ukwazile ukuletha leli thimba phambili emingceleni yezobuciko. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izimfanelo zokusebenza kanye nobubanzi be-repertoire. Ngokuvamile ekhuluma nezinhlelo zasendulo, u-Kondrashin wagxila emculweni wesimanje. "Wathola" i-Fourth Symphony ka-D. Shostakovich, eyabhalwa emuva eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu. Ngemva kwalokho, umqambi wamnika umsebenzi wokuqala we-Thirteenth Symphony kanye nokubulawa kuka-Stepan Razin. Ngama-60s, u-Kondrashin wethula izethameli ngemisebenzi kaG. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky nabanye abalobi baseSoviet.

“Kumelwe sisihloniphe isibindi nokuphikelela kukaKondrashin, izimiso, umzwelo wemvelo nokunambitheka komculo,” kubhala umgxeki uM. Sokolsky. "Wasebenza njengengcweti yaseSoviet ethuthukile, enengqondo ebanzi futhi ezwa ngokujulile, njengomsakazi oshisekayo wobuciko beSoviet. Futhi kulokhu kuhlolwa kwakhe kobuciko, nokwesibindi, uthole ukwesekwa yiqembu le-orchestra, elinegama le-Moscow Philharmonic… Lapha, ku-Philharmonic Orchestra, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ithalente lika-Kondrashin lembulwe ngokucacile nangokubanzi. Ngingathanda ukubiza leli thalente ngokucasulayo. Ukuthatheka, ukuthatheka ngokomzwelo, ukuluthwa ukuqhuma okukhulu okubukhali kanye nomvuthwandaba, ekukhulumeni okunamandla, okwakungokwemvelo ku-Kondrashin osemusha, kusalokhu kuyisici esivelele kakhulu sobuciko buka-Kondrashin namuhla. Kuphela namuhla sesifikile isikhathi sokuba avuthwe okukhulu, kwangempela.

References: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, No. 5. Razhnikov V., "K. U-Kondrashin ukhuluma ngomculo nempilo", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969