Rodolphe Kreutzer |
Rodolphe Kreutzer
Izihlakaniphi ezimbili zesintu, ngayinye ngendlela yazo, zafaka igama likaRodolphe Kreutzer - uBeethoven noTolstoy. Owokuqala ozinikezele kuye nge-violin sonatas yakhe engcono kakhulu, eyesibili, ephefumulelwe yile sonata, wadala indaba edumile. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, u-Kreuzer wayejabulela udumo emhlabeni wonke njengommeleli omkhulu wesikole sevayolini saseFrance.
Indodana yomculi onesizotha owayesebenza eCourt Chapel kaMarie Antoinette, uRodolphe Kreuzer wazalelwa eVersailles ngoNovemba 16, 1766. Imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi yayithola ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukayise, owaphasa umfana, lapho eqala ukwenza umculo. intuthuko esheshayo, ku-Antonin Stamits. Lo thisha omangalisayo, owasuka eMannheim waya eParis ngo-1772, wayenguzakwabo kaBaba uRodolphe e-Marie Antoinette Chapel.
Zonke izenzakalo ezineziyaluyalu zesikhathi u-Kreuzer ayephila kuso zadlula ngendlela emangalisayo ngenxa yesiphetho sakhe siqu. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha wayenakwa futhi ehlonishwa kakhulu njengomculi; UMarie Antoinette wamemela e-Trianon ekhonsathini efulethini lakhe futhi wahlala emangazwe ukudlala kwakhe. Ngokushesha, uKreutzer wabhekana nosizi olukhulu - phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili washonelwa uyise nonina futhi wasala ethwele abafowabo nodadewabo abane, okwakunguyena omdala kubo. Le nsizwa yaphoqeleka ukuba ibanakekele ngokugcwele futhi uMarie Antoinette uyamsiza, enikeza indawo kayise eNkantolo Yakhe yaseNkantolo.
Eseyingane, eneminyaka engu-13, uKreutzer waqala ukuqamba, eqinisweni, engenakho ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Lapho eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, wabhala i-First Violin Concerto kanye nama-opera amabili, ayethandwa kakhulu enkantolo kangangokuthi uMarie Antoinette wamenza umculi wegumbi kanye nomculi wenkantolo yedwa. Izinsuku ezineziyaluyalu zenguquko yonxiwankulu baseFrance uKreutzer azichitha ngaphandle kwekhefu eParis futhi wazuza ukuthandwa okukhulu njengombhali wemisebenzi eminingana ye-operatic, eyaba yimpumelelo ebabazekayo. Ngokomlando, u-Kreutzer wayengowalowo mthala wabaqambi baseFrance umsebenzi wabo ohlotshaniswa nokudala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-opera yensindiso”. Kuma-opera alolu hlobo, kuthuthukiswe izinkulumo ezinonya, izingqikithi zokulwa nodlame, ubuqhawe kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi. Isici “semidlalo ewuchungechunge yokuhlenga” sasiwukuthi imicikilisho ethanda inkululeko ngokuvamile yayilinganiselwe ohlakeni lwedrama yomkhaya. UKreutzer uphinde wabhala ama-opera alolu hlobo.
Esokuqala salokhu kwakuwumculo wedrama yomlando kaDeforge ethi Joan of Arc. U-Kreuzer wahlangana no-Desforges ngo-1790 ngenkathi ehola iqembu lamavayolini okuqala ku-orc stra ye-Italian Theatre. Ngawo lowo nyaka, idrama yadlalwa futhi yaba yimpumelelo. Kodwa i-opera ethi “Paul and Virginia” yamlethela ukuthandwa okungavamile; i-premiere yayo yenzeka ngo-January 15, 1791. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabhala i-opera ye-Cherubini ngesakhiwo esifanayo. Ngethalente, i-Kreutzer ayikwazi ukuqhathaniswa neCherubini, kodwa abalaleli bathanda i-opera yakhe ngezingoma zomculo ezingenangqondo.
I-opera ka-Kreutzer eyayinonya kakhulu kwakuyi-Lodoiska (1792). Imidlalo yakhe ku-Opera Comic yaba yimpumelelo. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala. Isakhiwo se-opera sasihambisana nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu nesimo somphakathi weParis wamavukelambuso. “Indikimba yokulwa nobudlova e-Lodoisk yathola umfanekiso weshashalazi ojulile futhi ocacile … [nakuba] emculweni ka-Kreutzer, isiqalo esinezwi sasinamandla kakhulu.”
U-Fetis ubika iqiniso elimangalisayo mayelana nendlela yokudala ka-Kreutzer. Ubhala lokho ngokudala imisebenzi ye-operatic. U-Kreutzer kunalokho walandela intuition yokudala, njengoba ayengayazi kahle imfundiso yokuqamba. “Indlela abhala ngayo zonke izingxenye zamaphuzu ukuthi wayehamba nezitebhisi ezinkulu ezungeza igumbi, ecula izingoma futhi eziphelezela ngevayolini.” “Kwaba kamuva,” kunezela uFetis, “lapho uKreutzer esemukelwa kakade njengoprofesa endaweni yokufundela izingane, lapho efunda khona ngempela izisekelo zokuqamba.”
Kunzima, nokho, ukukholelwa ukuthi u-Kreutzer angaqamba wonke ama-opera ngendlela echazwe u-Fetis, futhi kubonakala kunesici sehaba kule akhawunti. Yebo, futhi amakhonsathi e-violin afakazela ukuthi uKreuzer wayengeyena nhlobo ongenakuzisiza endleleni yokuqamba.
Ngesikhathi soguquko, uKreutzer wabamba iqhaza ekwakheni enye i-opera enonya ebizwa ngokuthi “Congress of Kings”. Lo msebenzi ubhalwe ngokuhlanganyela noGretry, Megule, Solier, Devienne, Daleyrac, Burton, Jadin, Blasius kanye noCherubini.
Kodwa Kreutzer wasabela isimo izinguquko hhayi kuphela nge lokusungula operatic. Lapho, ngo-1794, ngomyalo weNgqungquthela, imikhosi emikhulu yabantu iqala ukuqhutshwa, wabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kuyo. Ngomhla zingama-20 Prairial (Juni 8) kwaba nomgubho omkhulu eParis wokuhlonipha “uMuntu Ophakeme”. Inhlangano yawo yayiholwa yingcweti edumile nenduna evuthayo yenguquko, uDavid. Ukuze alungiselele i-apotheosis, wakhanga abaculi abakhulu kunabo bonke - uMegule, uLesueur, uDaleyrac, uCherubini, uCatel, uKreutzer nabanye. I-Paris yonke yahlukaniswa yaba izifunda ezingu-48 kanye namadoda amadala angu-10, abantu abasha, omama bemindeni, amantombazane, izingane zabelwe ngayinye. Ikhwaya ibinamazwi angu-2400. Phambilini laba baculi bavakashele izindawo abebelungiselela kuzona abazocula kuleli holide. Ngokuvumelana ne-Marseillaise, izingcweti, abathengisi, izisebenzi, nabantu abahlukahlukene basemaphandleni aseParis bafunda Ihubo Lomuntu Ophakeme. I-Kreutzer ithole indawo yasePeak. Ngomhlaka-20 Prairial, ikhwaya ehlangene yacula leli culo ngokuzithoba, iqhakambisa uguquko ngalo. Unyaka ka-1796 usufikile. Isiphetho esiphumelelayo somkhankaso kaBonaparte wase-Italy saguqula ujenene osemncane waba iqhawe lesizwe laseFrance elwela izinguquko. UKreuzer, elandela ibutho, uya e-Italy. Unikeza amakhonsathi eMilan, Florence, Venice, Genoa. UKreutzer wafika eGenoa ngoNovemba 1796 ukuze abambe iqhaza esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme esasihlelelwe ukuhlonipha uJosephine de la Pagerie, unkosikazi womphathi omkhulu, futhi lapha esaluni uDi Negro wezwa umdlalo omncane wePaganini. Ehlatshwe ubuciko bakhe, wabikezela ikusasa eliqhakazile ngalo mfana.
E-Italy, u-Kreutzer wazithola ehileleke endabeni exakile nedidayo. Omunye wababhali bakhe, uMichaud, uthi uBonaparte uyalele u-Kreutzer ukuthi aseshe imitapo yolwazi futhi akhombe imibhalo yesandla engashicilelwe yongcweti beshashalazi yomculo yase-Italy. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, umsebenzi onjalo waphathiswa i-geometer edumile yaseFrance Monge. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uMonge ubandakanye uKreutzer kuleli cala. Ngemva kokuhlangana eMilan, wazisa i-violinist mayelana nemiyalo kaBonaparte. Kamuva, eVenice, uMonge wanikeza uKreutzer ibhokisi lebhokisi elalinamakhophi emibhalo yesandla emidala yabaphathi beSonto Lombhishobhi likaSt. Mark futhi wacela ukuba aphelezelwe eParis. Ematasa ngamakhonsathi, u-Kreutzer wahlehlisa ukuthumela ibhokisi, enquma ukuthi ekugcineni uzothatha lezi zinto ezibalulekile enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Kusenjalo kwaqubuka impi futhi. E-Italy, kuye kwavela isimo esinzima kakhulu. Okwenzeka ngempela akwaziwa, kodwa kwalahleka isifuba esinamagugu aqoqwe nguMonge.
Esuka e-Italy ekhungethwe yimpi, uKreutzer wawelela eJalimane, futhi esevakashele eHamburg endleleni, wabuyela eParis enqamula eHolland. Wafika lapho kuvulwe khona i-conservatory. Nakuba umthetho owawuyisungula wadlula kuNgqungquthela kusukela ngo-August 3, 1795, awuzange uvulwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1796. USarret, owayeqokwe njengomqondisi, wamema u-Kreutzer ngokushesha. Kanye noPierre Gavinier osekhulile, uRode oshisekayo kanye noPierre Baio ohlakaniphile, uKreutzer waba omunye woprofesa abaholayo be-conservatory.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukungezwani okwandayo phakathi kwemibuthano ye-Kreutzer neBonapartist. Ngo-1798, lapho i-Austria iphoqwa ukuba yenze ukuthula okuyihlazo neFrance, uKreuzer wahamba noJenene Bernadotte, owayebekwe lapho njengenxusa, eVienna.
Isazi somculo saseSoviet u-A. Alschwang sithi u-Beethoven ube isivakashi esivamile sase-Bernadotte e-Vienna. Uyabhala: “UBernadotte, indodana yommeli wesifundazwe waseFrance, owakhushulelwa esikhundleni esivelele yizenzakalo zoguquko, wayeyinzalo yangempela yenguquko yonxiwankulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela wahlaba umxhwele umqambi wentando yeningi. “Ukuhlangana njalo noBernadotte kuholele ebunganeni bomculi oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa nenxusa kanye nomshayi wevayoli odumile waseParis uRodolphe Kreuzer abehamba naye.”
Kodwa-ke, ukusondelana phakathi kukaBernadotte noBeethoven kuphikiswa ngu-Édouard Herriot encwadini yakhe ethi Life of Beethoven. U-Herriot uthi ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwezinyanga ezimbili kukaBernadotte e-Vienna, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukungezwani okunjalo phakathi kwenxusa kanye nomculi osemusha futhi namanje ongakaziwa kangako bekungenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka. UBernadotte wayeyiva ngempela ohlangothini lwezicukuthwane zaseViennese; akazange ayifihle imibono yakhe ye-republic futhi wahlala yedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Beethoven ngaleso sikhathi wayesebudlelwaneni obuseduze ne-ambassador yaseRussia, u-Count Razumovsky, nayo engakwazi ukufaka isandla ekusunguleni ubungane phakathi komqambi noBernadotte.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ubani olungile kakhulu - u-Alschwang noma u-Herriot. Kodwa kusukela encwadini kaBeethoven kuyaziwa ukuthi wahlangana noKreutzer futhi wahlangana eVienna izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Incwadi ixhumene nokuzinikela ku-Kreutzer we-sonata edumile eyabhalwa ngo-1803. Ekuqaleni, u-Beethoven wayehlose ukuyinikezela ku-virtuoso violinist mulatto uBredgtower, owayedume kakhulu eVienna ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Kodwa ikhono le-virtuoso le-mulatto, ngokusobala, alizange linelise umqambi, futhi wanikezela umsebenzi ku-Kreutzer. “UKreutzer uyindoda elungile, emnandi,” kubhala uBeethoven, “owangijabulisa kakhulu phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe eVienna. Ubunjalo bayo kanye nokuntuleka kokuzenzisa kuyigugu kimi kunokucwebezela kwangaphandle kobuhle abaningi, obungenakho okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi. “Ngeshwa,” u-A. Alschwang uyanezela, ecaphuna la magama kaBeethoven, “uKreuzer othandekayo kamuva waduma ngokungaqondi kwakhe ngokuphelele imisebenzi kaBeethoven!”
Ngempela, uKreutzer akazange aqonde uBeethoven kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, ngemva kokuba umqhubi, waqhuba ama-symphonies kaBeethoven izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. U-Berlioz ubhala ngokucasuka ukuthi u-Kreuzer wazivumela ukuthi enze ama-banknotes kuwo. Yiqiniso, ekuphathweni kwamahhala okunjalo kombhalo wama-symphonies ahlakaniphile, u-Kreutzer wayenjalo. UBerlioz unezela ukuthi amaqiniso afanayo abonwa komunye umbhidisi omkhulu ongumFulentshi (nomdlali wevayolini) uGabeneck, “owaqeda izinsimbi zomculo kwenye i-symphony ngumqambi ofanayo.”
В 1802 году Крейцер стал первым скрипачом инструментальной капелы Бонапарта, вто время консула республика, а песни парта, а пропель Бонапарта. Эту официальную должность он занимал вплоть до падения Наполеона.
Ngokuhambisana nenkonzo yasenkantolo, u-Kreutzer naye wenza imisebenzi “eyomphakathi”. Ngemva kokuhamba kukaRode eRussia ngo-1803, uthola isikhundla sakhe njengomculi oyedwa ku-orchestra e-Grand Opera; ngo-1816, imisebenzi ye-concertmaster yesibili yanezelwa kule misebenzi, futhi ngo-1817, umqondisi we-orchestra. Uphinde akhushulelwe esikhundleni sokuba ngumbhidisi. Yeka ukuthi udumo lukaKreutzer oluqhubayo lwalulukhulu kangakanani lungahlulelwa okungenani ngokuthi kwakunguye, kanye noSalieri noClementi, abaqhuba i-oratorio ka-J. Haydn ethi “Creation of the World” ngo-1808 eVienna, phambi komqambi osekhulile, okwathi ngalobo busuku uBeethoven nabanye abaculi abakhulu basenhloko-dolobha yase-Austria bakhothama ngenhlonipho.
Ukuwa kombuso kaNapoleon nokungena emandleni amaBourbon akuzange kusithinte kakhulu isikhundla sikaKreutzer senhlalo. Uqokwe njengomqhubi weRoyal Orchestra kanye nomqondisi we-Institute of Music. Uyafundisa, adlale, aphathe, azitike ngentshiseko ekwenzeni imisebenzi yomphakathi.
Ngezinkonzo ezivelele ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo kazwelonke laseFrance, uRodolphe Kreutzer waklonyeliswa nge-Order of the Legion of Honor ngo-1824. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wayishiya isikhashana imisebenzi yomqondisi we-orchestra ye-Opera, kodwa wabe esebuyela kubo ngo-1826 Ukuphuka kanzima kwengalo kwamvala ngokuphelele ukwenza imisebenzi. Wahlukana ne-conservatory futhi wazinikela ngokuphelele ekuqhubeni nasekuhlanganiseni. Kodwa izikhathi azifani. I-30s isondela - inkathi yokuqhakaza okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-romanticism. Ubuciko obukhanyayo nobuvuthayo be-romantics bunqoba i-classicism eyancipha. Intshisekelo emculweni kaKreutzer iyancipha. Umqambi yena uqala ukuyizwa. Ufuna ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho ufaka i-opera ethi Matilda, efuna ukuvalelisa ngayo emphakathini waseParis. Uvivinyo olunonya lwalumlindile - ukwehluleka okuphelele kwe-opera ku-premiere.
Igalelo lalilikhulu kangangokuthi uKreutzer wakhubazeka. Umqambi ogulayo nohluphekayo wayiswa eSwitzerland ngethemba lokuthi isimo sezulu esibi sizoyibuyisela impilo yakhe. Konke kwaphenduka ize - uKreuzer wafa ngoJanuwari 6, 1831 edolobheni laseSwitzerland laseGeneva. Kuthiwa abaphathi bedolobha banqabile ukungcwaba uKreutzer ngoba bethi wabhala imisebenzi yeshashalazi.
Imisebenzi kaKreutzer yayibanzi futhi ihlukahlukene. Wayehlonishwa kakhulu njengomqambi we-opera. Ama-opera akhe adlalwa amashumi eminyaka eFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. I-“Pavel and Virginia” nethi “Lodoisk” yazungeza izigaba ezinkulu zomhlaba; zadlalwa ngempumelelo enkulu eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow. Ekhumbula ebuntwaneni bakhe, u-MI Glinka wabhala ku Amanothi akhe ukuthi ngemva kwezingoma zesiRashiya ayethanda ama-overtures ngaphezu kwakho konke futhi phakathi kwezintandokazi zakhe ubiza i-overture ku-Lodoisk ngu-Kreutser.
Amakhonsathi e-violin ayengadumile kangako. Ngezigqi zokumasha nemisindo ye-fanfare, zisikhumbuza amakhonsathi ka-Viotti, aphinde agcine ngawo ukuxhumana kwesitayela. Nokho-ke sekuvele kuningi okubahlukanisayo. Emakhonsathini abuhlungu e-Kreutzer, umuntu akazizwanga kangako ubuqhawe benkathi yenguquko (njengaseViotti), kodwa ubukhazikhazi "boMbuso". Ngama-20-30s wekhulu lesi-XNUMX ayethandwa, enziwa kuzo zonke izigaba zekhonsathi. Ikhonsathi yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye yaziswa kakhulu nguJoachim; U-Auer wayehlale eyinika abafundi bakhe ukuthi bayidlale.
Ulwazi mayelana no-Kreutzer njengomuntu luyaphikisana. G. Berlioz, owahlangana naye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, akampendanga neze ohlangothini olunenzuzo. Encwadini ethi Memoirs kaBerlioz siyafunda: “Umqhubi womculo oyinhloko we-Opera ngaleso sikhathi kwakunguRodolphe Kreuzer; kule thiyetha amakhonsathi angokomoya eSonto Elingcwele ayezokwenzeka maduze; kwaba kuKreutzer ukufaka isiteji sami ohlelweni lwabo, futhi ngaya kuye ngesicelo. Kumelwe kwengezwe ukuthi ukuvakasha kwami e-Kreuzer kwalungiselelwa incwadi evela ku-Monsieur de La Rochefoucauld, umhloli omkhulu wezobuciko obuhle ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLesueur wangisekela ngokufudumele ngamazwi phambi kozakwabo. Ngamafuphi, lalikhona ithemba. Nokho, ukukhohlisa kwami akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Kreuzer, lowo mculi omkhulu, umbhali wencwadi ethi The Death of Abel (umsebenzi omangalisayo, ngawo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, egcwele umdlandla, ngambhalela indumiso yangempela). UKreuzer, owayebonakala enomusa kimina, engangimhlonipha njengothisha wami ngoba ngimazisa, wangamukela ngokungenasizotha, ngendlela ebonisa ukunganaki. Akazange awubuyise umnsalo wami; Ngaphandle kokungibheka, wawaphonsa ehlombe la mazwi:
- Umngane wami othandekayo (wayengamazi), - asikwazi ukwenza izingoma ezintsha kumakhonsathi angokomoya. Asinaso isikhathi sokuzifunda; ULesueur ukwazi kahle lokhu.
Ngahamba inhliziyo ibuhlungu. NgeSonto elilandelayo, kwaba nencazelo phakathi kukaLesueur noKreutzer endlini yesonto yasebukhosini, lapho lo wakamuva ayengumdlali wevayolini nje. Ecindezelwa uthisha wami, waphendula ngaphandle kokufihla ukucasuka kwakhe:
— Oh, hawu! Kuyokwenzekani kithi uma sisiza abantu abasha kanje? ..
Kufanele simnikeze udumo, wayeqinisile).
Futhi emakhasini ambalwa kamuva uBerlioz uyanezela: “U-Kreuzer kungenzeka ukuthi ungivimbele ekufinyeleleni impumelelo, ukubaluleka kwayo kimi ngaleso sikhathi okwakubaluleke kakhulu.
Izindaba eziningana zihlotshaniswa negama likaKreutzer, elabonakala emaphephandabeni aleyo minyaka. Ngakho-ke, ezinguqulweni ezahlukene, i-anecdote efanayo ehlekisayo itshelwa ngaye, okusobala ukuthi isigameko sangempela. Le ndaba yenzeka ngesikhathi uKreutzer elungiselela umboniso wokuqala we-opera yakhe ethi Aristippus, edlalwa esiteji seGrand Opera. Ezifundweni, umculi uLance akakwazanga ukucula i-cavatina ye-Act I ngendlela efanele.
"Ukuguquguquka okukodwa, okufana nengqikithi ye-aria enkulu evela ku-act II, ngobuqili kwaholela umculi kule motif. UKreuzer wayephelelwe ithemba. Ekuqeqesheni okokugcina, waya kuLance: “Ngikucela ngobuqotho, Lance wami omuhle, uqaphele ungangijabhisi, angisoze ngakuxolela ngalokhu.” Ngosuku lomdlalo, lapho sekuyithuba lokucula u-Lance, u-Kreutzer, ekhinyabezwa yinjabulo, waxhuzula induku yakhe esandleni sakhe ... O, ukwesaba! Umculi, esekhohliwe izixwayiso zombhali, waqinisa ngesibindi isisusa sesenzo sesibili. Futhi-ke uKreutzer akakwazanga ukukumela. Ekhipha iwigi yakhe, wayijikijela kumculi okhohlwayo: “Angikuxwayisanga yini wena muntu ovilaphayo! Ufuna ukungiqeda, sikhohlakali!”
Lapho ebona ikhanda lika-maestro elinempandla nobuso bakhe obudabukisayo, uLance, esikhundleni sokuzisola, akakwazanga ukubekezelela futhi waqhuma uhleko olukhulu. Lesi sigameko esinelukuluku silahle ngokuphelele izethameli futhi kwakuyisizathu sokuphumelela komdlalo. Emdlalweni olandelayo, inkundla yaseshashalazini yayigcwele abantu abafuna ukungena, kodwa i-opera yadlula ngaphandle kokweqisa. Ngemuva kombukiso wokuqala eParis, bancokole bathi: “Uma impumelelo kaKreutzer ilenga ngocu, kusho ukuthi uyiwine ngewigi yonke.”
Ku-Tablets of Polyhymnia, 1810, iphephabhuku elabika zonke izindaba zomculo, kwabikwa ukuthi kwanikezwa ikhonsathi eBotanical Garden yendlovu, ukuze kucwaningwe umbuzo wokuthi ngabe lesi silwane sasiwulalela ngempela umculo njengoba Izimangalo zika-M. Buffon. “Ngalokhu, umlaleli ongathi ongajwayelekile uyenziwa ngokushintshana ama-arias alula ngomugqa wemelodi ocacile nama-sonata anokuvumelana okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lesi silwane sabonisa izimpawu zokujabula lapho silalele i-aria ethi “O ma tendre Musette” edlalwa ku-violin nguMnuz Kreutzer. "Izinguqulo" ezenziwa umdwebi odumile endaweni efanayo azizange zenze noma yimuphi umbono obonakalayo ... Indlovu yavula umlomo wayo, njengokungathi ifuna ukuzamula ngesilinganiso sesithathu noma sesine se-Boccherini Quartet edumile D enkulu. I-Bravura aria … I-Monsigny nayo ayizange ithole impendulo esilwaneni; kodwa ngemisindo ye-aria "Charmante Gabrielle" izwakalise ukujabula kwayo ngokungananazi. “Wonke umuntu wamangala kakhulu lapho ebona indlela indlovu ephulula ngayo ngomboko, ibonga, i-virtuoso edumile uDuvernoy. Cishe bekuyi-duet, njengoba uDuvernoy edlala uphondo.”
UKreutzer wayengumdlali wevayolini omkhulu. “Wayengenabo ubuhle, ubuhle nokuhlanzeka kwesitayela sikaRode, ukuphelela komshini kanye nokujula kweBayo, kodwa wayebonakala ngokuphila nothando lomzwelo, kuhlanganiswe nokuzwakala okumsulwa,” kubhala uLavoie. UGerber unikeza incazelo ecace nakakhulu: “Isitayela sikaKreutzer sokudlala asijwayelekile neze. Wenza amavesi e-Allegro anzima kakhulu ngokucacile, ngokuhlanzeka, ngamagama aqinile kanye ne-stroke enkulu. Ubuye abe yingcweti evelele yomsebenzi wakhe wezandla e-Adagio. U-N. Kirillov ucaphuna imigqa elandelayo evela kuyi-German Musical Gazette ka-1800 mayelana nendlela uKreutzer noRode abadlala ngayo i-symphony yekhonsathi yamaviolini amabili: “UKreutzer wangenela umncintiswano noRode, futhi bobabili abaculi banikeza abathandi ithuba lokubona impi ethakazelisayo i-symphony enama-solo ekhonsathi yama-violin amabili, aqanjwe ngu-Kreutzer kulo mcimbi. Lapha ngabona ukuthi ithalenta likaKreutzer laliyisithelo sokufunda isikhathi eside nokuzikhandla okungapheli; ubuciko bukaRode babonakala bezalwa kuye. Ngamafuphi, phakathi kwawo wonke ama-violin virtuosos azwakale kulo nyaka eParis, u-Kreuzer nguyena kuphela ongabekwa eceleni kukaRode.
UFetis uchaza indlela uKreutzer adlala ngayo ngokuningiliziwe: “Njengomdlali wevayolini, uKreutzer wayenendawo ekhethekile esikoleni saseFrance, lapho ayekhanya khona kanye noRode noBaio, hhayi ngoba wayephansi ngobuhle nobumsulwa (besitayela.) LR) kowokuqala walaba baculi, noma ekujuleni kwemizwa nokuhamba okumangalisayo kwesu ukuya kowesibili, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi, njengasezingomeni, ethalenteni lakhe njengomdlali wezinsimbi, walandela intuition ngaphezu kwesikole. Lo mbono, ocebile futhi ogcwele ubungqabavu, wanikeza ukusebenza kwakhe okwangempela futhi kwabangela umthelela ongokomzwelo ezilalelini okungekho noyedwa kwabalaleli owayengawugwema. Wayenomsindo onamandla, iphimbo elimsulwa, nendlela yakhe yokusho yasuswa ngenxa yentshiseko yakhe.
UKreutzer wayehlonishwa kakhulu njengothisha. Kulokhu, wagqama ngisho naphakathi kozakwabo abanamakhono eParis Conservatory. Wayejabulela igunya elingenamkhawulo phakathi kwabafundi bakhe futhi wayazi indlela yokuvusa kubo isimo sengqondo somdlandla ngale ndaba. Ubufakazi obuqand’ikhanda bethalente lika-Kreutzer lokufundisa elivelele izimfundiso zakhe ezingama-42 zevayolini, ezaziwa yinoma yimuphi umfundi wanoma isiphi isikole sevayolini emhlabeni. Ngalo msebenzi, uRodolphe Kreutzer wenza igama lakhe lingafi.
L. Raaben
