UFritz Kreisler |

UFritz Kreisler

Ubani owake wezwa incwadi eyodwa kaPunyani, Cartier, Francoeur, Porpora, Louis Couperin, Padre Martini noma Stamitz ngaphambi kokuba ngiqale ukubhala ngaphansi kwamagama abo? Babehlala emakhasini ezichazamazwi zomculo kuphela, futhi izingoma zabo zazikhohlakala ezindongeni zezindela noma baqoqa uthuli emashalofini emitapo yolwazi. Lawa magama ayengamagobolondo angenalutho, izigqoko ezindala, ezikhohliwe engangizifihla ukuthi ngingubani. F. Kleisler

U-F. Kreisler ungumculi wokugcina we-violinist, emsebenzini wakhe amasiko obuciko bothando be-virtuoso bekhulu lesi-XNUMX aqhubeka nokuthuthuka, aphikiswa nge-prism yokubuka umhlaba kwenkathi entsha. Ngezindlela eziningi, wayelindele ukuthambekela kokutolika kwanamuhla, okubheke enkululekweni enkulu kanye nokuchazwa kokuhumusha. Eqhubeka namasiko e-Strausses, J. Liner, i-Viennese folklore yasemadolobheni, u-Kreisler wadala ubuciko be-violin eminingi kanye namalungiselelo athandwa kakhulu esiteji.

UKreisler wazalelwa emndenini kadokotela, umdlali wevayolini oyimfundamakhwela. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wezwa i-quartet endlini, eholwa nguyise. Umqambi u-K. Goldberg, u-Z. Freud nabanye abantu abavelele base-Vienna bake baba lapha. Kusukela eneminyaka emine, uKreisler wafunda noyise, wabe esefunda noF. Ober. Kakade eneminyaka engu-3 wangena e-Vienna Conservatory ku-I. Helbesberger. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kokuqala komculi osemusha kwenzeka ekhonsathini ye-K. Patti. Ngokombono wokuqamba, u-Kreisler ufunda no-A. Bruckner futhi eneminyaka engu-7 uqamba i-quartet yezintambo. Imidlalo ka-A. Rubinstein, I. Joachim, P. Sarasate ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kuye. Lapho eneminyaka engu-8, uKreisler wathola indondo yegolide e-Vienna Conservatory. Amakhonsathi akhe aba yimpumelelo. Kodwa uyise ufuna ukumnika isikole esibaluleke kakhulu. Futhi uKreisler uphinde angene endaweni yokugcina izinto, kodwa manje eParis. U-J. Massard (uthisha kaG. Venyavsky) waba uthisha wakhe we-violin, kanye no-L. Delibes ekuqambeni, owanquma indlela yakhe yokuqamba. Futhi lapha, ngemva kweminyaka engu-9, Kreisler uthola indondo yegolide. Njengomfana oneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala, kanye nomfundi ka-F. Liszt uM. Rosenthal, uvakashela e-United States, eqala e-Boston ngekhonsathi ka-F. Mendelssohn.

Naphezu kwempumelelo enkulu yengane encane, ubaba uphikelela emfundweni egcwele yobuciko obukhululekile. U-Kreisler ushiya i-violin futhi engena endaweni yokuzivocavoca. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, uya eRussia. Kodwa, ngemva kokubuya, ungena esikhungweni sezokwelapha, uqamba amamashi ezempi, udlala ensemble yaseTyrolean no-A. Schoenberg, uhlangana no-I. Brahms futhi uhlanganyele ekusebenzeni kokuqala kwe-quartet yakhe. Ekugcineni, uKreisler wanquma ukubamba umncintiswano weqembu le-violin yesibili ye-Vienna Opera. Futhi - ukwehluleka okuphelele! Umculi odangele unquma ukuyiyeka unomphela ivayolini. Le nkinga yadlula kuphela ngo-1896, lapho uKreisler ethatha uhambo lwesibili lwaseRussia, okwaba ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wobuciko okhanyayo. Khona-ke, ngempumelelo enkulu, amakhonsathi akhe aqhutshelwa eBerlin ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-A. Nikish. Kuphinde kwaba nomhlangano no-E. Izai, owathonya kakhulu isitayela somdlali wevayolini u-Kreisler.

Ngo-1905, u-Kreisler wadala umjikelezo wezingcezu ze-violin "Imibhalo Yesandla Yakudala" - ama-miniatures angu-19 abhalwe njengokulingisa imisebenzi yakudala yekhulu le-1935. U-Kreisler, ukuze akwazi ukungaqondakali, wafihla ubunikazi bakhe, enikeza imidlalo njengemibhalo eqoshiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, washicilela ama-stylizations akhe ama-waltzes amadala aseViennese - "Injabulo Yothando", "Izinhlungu Zothando", "I-Rosemary Enhle", eyayingaphansi kokugxekwa okulimazayo futhi iphikisana nokulotshwa njengomculo weqiniso. Kwaze kwaba ngu-XNUMX lapho u-Kreisler evuma khona leli cala, abagxeki abashaqisayo.

UKreisler wavakashela eRussia ngokuphindaphindiwe, edlala noV. Safonov, S. Rachmaninov, I. Hoffmann, S. Kusevitsky. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, wabuthelwa ebuthweni, eduze Lvov wahlaselwa Cossacks, walimala ethangeni futhi welashwa isikhathi eside. Uya e-USA, wenza amakhonsathi, kodwa, njengoba elwa neRussia, uyavinjelwa.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kanye nomqambi waseHungary u-V. Jacobi, wabhala i-operetta ethi "Flowers of the Apple Tree", eyadlalwa eNew York ngo-1919. I. Stravinsky, Rachmaninov, E. Varese, Izai, J. Heifets nabanye baba khona umbukiso wokuqala.

U-Kreisler wenza izinkambo eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, amarekhodi amaningi aqoshiwe. Ngo-1933 udala i-operetta yesibili yeZizi edlalwa eVienna. I-repertoire yakhe ngalesi sikhathi yayilinganiselwe kuma-classics, ezothando kanye nama-miniatures akhe. Akawudlali ngempela umculo wesimanje: “Akekho umqambi ongathola isifihla-buso esiphumelelayo ngokumelene namagesi acishayo empucuko yesimanje. Akufanele umuntu amangale lapho elalele umculo wentsha yanamuhla. Lona umculo wenkathi yethu futhi kungokwemvelo. Umculo ngeke ubheke ngenye indlela ngaphandle uma isimo sezombangazwe nezenhlalo emhlabeni sishintsha.”

Ngo-1924-32. UKreisler uhlala eBerlin, kodwa ngo-1933 waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe ngenxa ye-fascism, okokuqala waya eFrance futhi kamuva waya eMelika. Lapha uyaqhubeka nokwenza nokwenza ukucubungula kwakhe. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo ukubhalwa kokudala kwamakhonsathi e-violin ka-N. Paganini (Owokuqala) no-P. Tchaikovsky, odlalwa ngu-Rachmaninov, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Dvorak, F. Schubert, njll. Ngo-1941, u-Kreisler washaywa imoto futhi ayikwazanga ukucula. Ikhonsathi yokugcina ayinikeza eCarnegie Hall ngo-1947.

U-Peru Kreisler ungumnikazi wezingoma ezingu-55 kanye nokulotshiwe okungaphezu kuka-80 nokujwayela kwamakhonsathi ahlukahlukene nemidlalo, ngezinye izikhathi emele ukucubungula okunamandla kokwangempela. Izingoma zika-Kreisler - ikhonsathi yakhe ye-violin ethi "Vivaldi", izitayela zompetha basendulo, ama-waltze aseViennese, izingcezu ezinjenge-Recitative ne-Scherzo, "iTambourine yamaShayina", izinhlelo ze-"Folia" ka-A. Corelli, "Devil's Trill" ka-G. Tartini, ukuhlukahluka ka-“Mthakathi” Paganini, ama-cadenza amakhonsathi ka-L. Beethoven no-Brahms adlalwa kabanzi esiteji, ajabulela impumelelo enkulu nabalaleli.

V. Grigoriev

Kubuciko bomculo bekhulu lokuqala lesithathu lekhulu lesi-XNUMX, umuntu akakwazi ukuthola isibalo esifana noKreisler. Umqambi wesitayela esisha ngokuphelele, sokuqala sokudlala, waba nomthelela ngokoqobo kubo bonke abantu besikhathi sakhe. Akekho u-Heifetz, noma uThibaut, noma u-Enescu, noma u-Oistrakh, "owafunda" okuningi ku-violinist omkhulu wase-Austrian ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwethalenta lakhe, akadlulanga kuye. Umdlalo kaKreisler wamangala, walingisa, wafunda, wahlaziya imininingwane emincane; abaculi abakhulu bakhothama phambi kwakhe. Wajabulela igunya elingangatshazwa kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.

Ngo-1937, lapho uKreisler eneminyaka engu-62 ubudala, u-Oistrakh wamuzwa eBrussels. Wabhala: “Kimi, ukudlala kukaKreisler kwangijabulisa kakhulu. Ngomzuzu wokuqala, lapho ngizwa imisindo yokuqala yomnsalo wakhe oyingqayizivele, ngezwa wonke amandla kanye nokukhanga kwalo mculi omangalisayo. Ehlola umhlaba womculo wama-30s, u-Rachmaninov wabhala: “UKreisler uthathwa njengomdlali wevayolini ohamba phambili. Ngemuva kwakhe kukhona u-Yasha Kheyfets, noma eduze kwakhe. Ngo-Kreisler, u-Rachmaninoff waba neqembu elihlala njalo iminyaka eminingi.

Ubuciko buka-Kreisler njengomqambi nomenzi basungulwa kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwamasiko omculo ase-Viennese kanye nesiFulentshi, ukuhlangana okunikeze okuthile okuthandekayo kwangempela. UKreisler wayexhunywe nesiko lomculo laseViennese ngezinto eziningi eziqukethwe emsebenzini wakhe. UVienna ukhulise intshisekelo kuye kuma-classics wekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, okudale ukuvela kwezithombe zakhe ezincane “ezindala” ezinhle. Kodwa okuqondile nakakhulu lokhu kuxhumana ne-Vienna yansuku zonke, umculo wayo okhanyayo, osetshenzisiwe kanye namasiko asukela ku-Johann Strauss. Yiqiniso, ama-waltze kaKreisler ahlukile kwekaStrauss, lapho, njengoba u-Y. Kremlev ephawula ngokufanelekile, “umusa uhlanganiswa nobusha, futhi yonke into igcwele ukukhanya okukhethekile okukhethekile kanye nombono ongemuhle ngokuphila.” I-waltz ka-Kreisler ilahlekelwa ubusha bayo, iba nenkanuko futhi isondelane, "ukudlala kwemizwa". Kodwa umoya we "Strauss" Vienna endala uhlala kuwo.

U-Kreisler waboleka amasu amaningi e-violin kubuciko be-French, i-vibrato ikakhulukazi. Unikeze ukudlidliza isinongo esivusa inkanuko esingesona isici samaFulentshi. I-Vibrato, engasetshenziswanga kuphela ku-cantilena, kodwa nasezindimeni, isibe esinye sezimpawu zesitayela sakhe sokwenza. Ngokuka-K. Flesh, ngokwandisa ukuvezwa kokudlidliza, u-Kreisler walandela u-Yzai, owaqala wethula i-vibrato ebanzi, eqinile ngesandla sobunxele empilweni yansuku zonke yabadlali bevayolini. Isazi somculo esingumFulentshi uMarc Pencherl sikholelwa ukuthi isibonelo sikaKreisler kwakungeyena u-Isai, kodwa uthisha wakhe eParis Conservatory Massard: “Owayengumfundi waseMassard, wazuza njengefa kuthisha wakhe i-vibrato ezwakalayo, ehluke kakhulu kwesesikoleni saseJalimane.” Abadlali be-violin besikole saseJalimane babonakala ngesimo sengqondo sokuqapha ekudlidlizeni, ababesisebenzisa kancane kakhulu. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi u-Kreisler waqala ukudweba ngayo hhayi i-cantilena kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthungwa okunyakazayo, laliphikisana nama-canon wobuciko bobuciko bezemfundo bekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Nokho, akulungile ngokuphelele ukucabangela u-Kreisler ekusebenziseni ukudlidliza njengomlandeli we-Izaya noma i-Masar, njengoba kwenza uFlesch noLehnsherl. U-Kreisler unikeze ukudlidliza umsebenzi ohlukile omangalisayo futhi ozwakalayo, ongajwayelekile kwabangaphambi kwakhe, okuhlanganisa u-Ysaye no-Massard. Kuye, kwayeka ukuba "upende" futhi yaphenduka ikhwalithi ehlala njalo ye-violin cantilena, izindlela zayo eziqine kakhulu zokukhuluma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakucacile kakhulu, ngohlobo olungenye yezici eziphawulekayo zesitayela sakhe ngasinye. Ngemva kokusakaza ukudlidliza ekuthunjweni kwemoto, wanika umdlalo ubumnandi obungavamile bohlobo lomthunzi "olubabayo", olutholwe ngendlela ekhethekile yokukhipha umsindo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukudlidliza kwe-Kreisler akunakwa.

U-Kreisler wayehlukile kubo bonke abadlali be-violin ngamasu okushaywa unhlangothi nokukhiqizwa komsindo. Wadlala ngomnsalo buqamama nebhuloho, eduze ne-fretboard, ngemivimbo emifushane kodwa eminyene; wasebenzisa i-portamento kakhulu, egcwalisa i-cantilena "nge-accents-bubula" noma ehlukanisa umsindo owodwa komunye nge-caesuras ethambile esebenzisa i-portamentation. Ama-accents esandleni sokudla ayevame ukuhambisana nezimpawu kwesokunxele, ngokusebenzisa "push" enyakazayo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-tart, i-cantilena "yenyama" ye-timbre "matte" ethambile yenziwa.

“Ephethe umnsalo, uKreisler wahlukana ngamabomu nabantu besikhathi sakhe,” kubhala uK. Flesh. – Ngaphambi kwakhe, kwakukhona isimiso esingenakunyakaziswa: njalo ulwela ukusebenzisa bonke ubude bomnsalo. Lesi simiso asilungile neze, uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe "komusa" kanye "nomusa" kudinga umkhawulo omkhulu wobude bomnsalo. Kunoma ikuphi, isibonelo sika-Kreisler sibonisa ukuthi umusa nokuqina akubandakanyi ukusebenzisa wonke umnsalo. Wasebenzisa umkhawulo ongaphezulu kakhulu womnsalo kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile. U-Kreisler wachaza lesi sici esingokwemvelo sendlela yokudansa ngokuthi “wayenezingalo ezimfishane kakhulu”; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye engezansi yomnsalo kwakumkhathaza mayelana nokwenzeka kuleli cala ukonakalisa i- "es" ye-violin. Lo “mnotho” wawulinganisela ngokucindezelwa kwakhe okuqinile komnsalo nokugcizelela, okwabuye kwalawulwa ukudlidliza okukhulu kakhulu.

UPencherl, oseneminyaka eminingi ebuka u-Kreisler, wethula izilungiso ezithile emazwini kaFlesch; ubhala ukuthi u-Kreisler wayedlala ngemivimbo emincane, ngokushintsha njalo komnsalo nezinwele zakhe eziqinile kangangokuthi umoba wathola iqhubu, kodwa kamuva, esikhathini sangemva kwempi (okusho iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. - LR) wabuyela ekufundeni okwengeziwe. izindlela zokukhothama.

Imivimbo emincane eminyene ehlanganiswe ne-portamento nokudlidliza okuvezayo bekungamaqhinga ayingozi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo nguKreisler akuzange kweqe imingcele yokunambitheka okuhle. Wasindiswa ukungaguquki komculo okungathi sína okwaphawulwa uFlesch, okwakuyinto engokwemvelo kokubili kanye nomphumela wemfundo: “Akunandaba izinga lenkanuko ye-portamento yakhe, ehlale evinjiwe, engalokothi engenambitheki, ebalwa ngempumelelo eshibhile,” kubhala uFlesh. UPencherl ufinyelela isiphetho esifanayo, ekholelwa ukuthi izindlela zikaKreisler azizange zephule nakancane ukuqina nobuhle besitayela sakhe.

Amathuluzi omunwe ka-Kreisler ayengavamile ngoshintsho oluningi olushelelayo kanye “nenyama”, egcizelela ama-glissandos, ayevame ukuxhuma imisindo eseduze ukuze athuthukise ukuzwakala kwawo.

Ngokuvamile, ukudlala kuka-Kreisler kwakuthambile ngendlela engavamile, enezinsimbi “ezijulile,” i-rubato “yothando” yamahhala, ehlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nesigqi esicacile: “Iphunga elimnandi nesigqi yizisekelo ezimbili ubuciko bakhe bokudlala obusekelwe kuzo.” “Akakaze adele isigqi ukuze aphumelele okungabazayo, futhi akakaze ajahe amarekhodi ejubane.” Amazwi kaFlesch awahlukani nombono kaPencherl: “Ku-cantabile, indodana yakhe yathola intelezi eyinqaba - ecwebezelayo, eshisayo, evusa inkanuko, ayizange ibe phansi nakancane ngenxa yobulukhuni obuqhubekayo besigqi ebesiphilisa wonke umdlalo. ”

Uvela kanje isithombe sikaKreisler umdlali wevayolini. Kusele ukwengeza ukuthinta okumbalwa kuyo.

Kuwo womabili amagatsha amakhulu omsebenzi wakhe - ukusebenza nokudala - u-Kreisler waduma kakhulu njengengcweti yezithombe ezincane. I-miniature idinga imininingwane, ngakho-ke igeyimu ka-Kreisler ifeze le njongo, igqamisa izithunzi ezincane zemizwa, ukuhluka okucashile kwemizwa. Isitayela sakhe sokwenza sasiphawuleka ngokuthuthukiswa kwayo okungavamile futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, i-salonism, nakuba yayihlonishwa kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umculo omnandi, u-cantileverness wokudlala kuka-Kreisler, ngenxa yezinhlamvu ezimfishane ezinemininingwane, bekunezimemezelo eziningi kuyo. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, "ukukhuluma", "inkulumo" iphimbo, ehlukanisa ukusebenza komnsalo wesimanje, ithatha umsuka wayo ku-Kreisler. Le mvelo yokumemezela yethule izici zokwenza ngcono kugeyimu yakhe, futhi ukuthamba, ubuqotho bephimbo kuye kwayinika isimilo sokwenza umculo wamahhala, okuhlukaniswa ngokushesha.

Ecabangela izici zesitayela sakhe, uKreisler wakha izinhlelo zamakhonsathi akhe ngendlela efanele. Ingxenye yokuqala wayinikela emisebenzini emikhulu, eyesibili wayinikela kuma-miniatures. Ngokulandela u-Kreisler, abanye abadlali be-violin bekhulu lesi-XNUMX baqala ukusuthisa izinhlelo zabo ngezingcezu ezincane nokulotshiwe, okwakungakaze kwenziwe ngaphambili (ama-miniatures ayedlalwa kuphela njenge-encore). NgokukaPencherl, “emisebenzini emikhulu wayengumhumushi ohlonipheke kunabo bonke, ephusheniеnza uzibonakalise ngenkululeko yokwenza iziqephu ezincane ekupheleni kwekhonsathi.

Akunakwenzeka ukuvumelana nalo mbono. U-Kreisler ubuye wethula abantu abaningi, abangavamile kuye kuphela, ekuchazeni okungajwayelekile. Ngefomu elikhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwesici sakhe, i-aestheticization ethile, eyakhiwe ngobunkimbinkimbi bokunambitheka kwakhe, yazibonakalisa. K. Flesh ubhala ukuthi uKreisler akazange azivocavoce kancane futhi wakubheka njengokungafaneleki “ukudlala ngaphandle.” Wayengakholelwa esidingweni sokuzijwayeza njalo, ngakho-ke indlela yakhe yokwenza iminwe yayingaphelele. Nokho, esiteji, wabonisa “ukuzola okujabulisayo.”

UPencherl ukhulume ngalokhu ngendlela ethe ukuhluka. Ngokusho kwakhe, ubuchwepheshe bukaKreisler babuhlale bungemuva, wayengakaze abe yisigqila sakhe, ekholelwa ukuthi uma isisekelo esihle sobuchwepheshe sitholakala ebuntwaneni, khona-ke kamuva umuntu akufanele akhathazeke. Wake watshela intatheli: “Uma u-virtuoso esebenza kahle esemncane, khona-ke iminwe yakhe iyohlala ivumelana nezimo phakade, ngisho noma lapho esekhulile engakwazi ukulondoloza ikhono lakhe nsuku zonke.” Ukuvuthwa kwethalente likaKreisler, ukucebisa ubuntu bakhe, kwaqhutshwa ngokufunda umculo ohlangene, imfundo ejwayelekile (yezincwadi nefilosofi) ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunamahora amaningi achithwa esikalini noma ekuzilolongeni. Kodwa ukulambela kwakhe umculo kwakunganeliseki. Edlala kuma-ensembles nabangani, angacela ukuphinda i-Schubert Quintet ngama-cellos amabili, ayewathanda, izikhathi ezintathu zilandelana. Wathi ukuthanda umculo kufana nothando lokudlala, ukuthi kuyafana - “ukudlala ivayolini noma ukudlala i-roulette, ukuqamba noma ukubhema i-opium …”. "Lapho unobuhle egazini lakho, khona-ke injabulo yokukhuphukela esiteji ikuvuza ngalo lonke usizi lwakho ..."

UPencherl uqophe indlela yangaphandle yokudlala yomdlali wevayolini, ukuziphatha kwakhe esiteji. Esihlokweni esesicashunwe ngaphambili, uyabhala: “Izinkumbulo zami ziqala kude. Ngangisemncane kakhulu lapho ngiba nenhlanhla yokuba nengxoxo ende noJacques Thiebaud, owayesaqala umsebenzi wakhe okhaliphile. Ngamzwela lolo hlobo lokutuswa kwezithombe izingane ezingaphansi kwalo (uma ngikude akusabonakali kungenangqondo kangako kimi). Lapho ngimbuza ngokuhaha ngezinto zonke nangabo bonke abantu emsebenzini wakhe, enye yezimpendulo zakhe yangithinta, ngoba yayivela kulokho engangikubheka njengonkulunkulu phakathi kwabashayi bevayolini. “Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa oluphawulekayo,” wangitshela, “oluyodlulela kude kunami. Khumbula igama likaKreisler. Lokhu kuzoba yinkosi yethu kubo bonke. ”

Ngokwemvelo, uPencherl wazama ukuya ekhonsathini yokuqala kaKreisler. U-Kreisler wayebonakala eyisihluku kimi. Wayehlale eveza umbono wamandla ngendlela emangalisayo ngomzimba obanzi, intamo yokugijima yomuntu ophonsa izinsimbi, ubuso obunezici eziphawuleka kakhulu, ezigundwe ngezinwele eziwugqinsi. Lapho kubukisisa, ukufudumala kokubuka kwashintsha lokho okwakungase kubonakale kunzima ekuqaleni.

Ngenkathi i-orchestra idlala isingeniso, wema njengokungathi uqaphile - izandla zakhe ezinhlangothini zakhe, i-violin cishe phansi, ixhunywe ku-curl ngomunwe wokukhomba wesandla sakhe sobunxele. Ngesikhathi esethula, wayiphakamisa, kwaba sengathi uyadlala, ngomzuzwana wokugcina, ukuze ayibeke ehlombe lakhe ngokuthinta ngokushesha kangangokuthi insimbi yabonakala sengathi ibanjwe isilevu kanye ne-collarbone.

I-biography ka-Kreisler inemininingwane encwadini kaLochner. Wazalelwa eVienna ngoFebhuwari 2, 1875 emndenini kadokotela. Uyise wayengumthandi womculo oshisekayo futhi ukumelana kukamkhulu wakhe kuphela okwamvimbela ekukhetheni umsebenzi womculo. Umkhaya wawuvame ukudlala umculo, kanti ama-quartet ayedlala njalo ngeMigqibelo. UFritz omncane wabalalela ngaphandle kokuma, ehlatshwe umxhwele imisindo. Umculo ubusegazini wadonsa izintambo zezicathulo emabhokisini kagwayi walingisa abadlali. “Ngesinye isikhathi,” kusho uKreisler, “lapho ngineminyaka emithathu nengxenye ubudala, ngangiseduze kukababa lapho kudlalwa i-stroke quartet kaMozart, eqala ngamanothi. re – b-flat – usawoti (okungukuthi G enkulu No. 156 ngokwe-Koechel Catalogue. – LR). “Wazi kanjani ukudlala lawo manothi amathathu?” Ngambuza. Ngesineke wathatha iphepha, wadweba imigqa emihlanu futhi wangichazela ukuthi inothi ngalinye lisho ukuthini, elibekwe phezu kwalokhu noma phakathi kwalokhu noma lowomugqa.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, wathengwa i-violin yangempela, futhi uFritz wakhetha ngokuzimela iculo lesizwe lase-Austrian kulo. Waqala ukubhekwa emndenini njengesimangaliso esincane, futhi uyise waqala ukumnika izifundo zomculo.

Ukuthi wakhula ngokushesha kangakanani kungahlulelwa yiqiniso lokuthi ingane eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala (ngo-1882) yamukelwa e-Vienna Conservatory ekilasini likaJoseph Helmesberger. UKreisler wabhala kuyi-Musical Courier ngo-April 1908: “Kulesi senzakalo, abangane banginikeze ivayolini elingana nengxenye, ethambile futhi emnandi, yohlobo oludala kakhulu. Angizange ngigculiseke ngokuphelele ngakho, ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi ngenkathi ngifunda endaweni yokugcinwa kwemvelo ngingaba ne-violin yekota yesithathu ... "

U-Helmesberger wayenguthisha omuhle futhi wanika isilwane sakhe isisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe. Ngonyaka wokuqala ehlala e-Conservatory, uFritz wenza isiteji sakhe sokuqala, edlala ekhonsathini yomculi odumile uCarlotta Patti. Wafunda ukuqala kwethiyori no-Anton Bruckner futhi, ngaphezu kwe-violin, wachitha isikhathi esiningi edlala upiyano. Manje, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi u-Kreisler wayengumdlali wopiyano omuhle kakhulu, edlala ngokukhululeka ngisho nokuhambisana okuyinkimbinkimbi eshidini. Bathi lapho u-Auer eletha uHeifetz eBerlin ngo-1914, bobabili baphelela endlini eyodwa yangasese. Izivakashi ezazibuthene, okwakukhona phakathi kwazo uKreisler, zacela umfana ukuba adlale okuthile. "Kodwa kuthiwani ngohlelo?" Kubuza uHeifetz. U-Kreisler wabe eseya kupiyano futhi, njengesikhumbuzo, waphelezela i-Concerto ka-Mendelssohn kanye nesiqephu sakhe, i-Beautiful Rosemary.

U-Kreisler oneminyaka eyi-10 uthweswe iziqu ngempumelelo e-Vienna Conservatory ngendondo yegolide; abangani bamthengele ivayolini enezingxenye ezintathu kwezine ngu-Amati. Umfana, owayesevele ephuphe i-violin yonke, waphinda wanganelisekile. Emkhandlwini womndeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwanqunywa ukuthi ukuze aqedele imfundo yakhe yomculo, uFritz wayedinga ukuya eParis.

Ngama-80s kanye nama-90s, iSikole seViolin saseParis sasisezingeni eliphezulu. UMarsik wafundisa endaweni yokugcina izingane, owakhulisa uThibault no-Enescu, uMassar, okwaphuma ekilasini labo uVenyavsky, uRys, u-Odrichek. U-Kreisler wayesekilasini likaJoseph Lambert Massard, "Ngicabanga ukuthi uMassard wayengithanda ngoba ngidlala ngendlela ye-Wieniawski," wavuma kamuva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uKreisler wafunda ukwakheka noLeo Delibes. Ukucaca kwesitayela sale nkosi kwazenza kwazwakala kamuva emisebenzini yomdlali wevayolini.

Ukuthweswa iziqu eParis Conservatoire ngo-1887 kwaba ukunqoba. Umfana oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala wawina umklomelo wokuqala, eqhudelana nabashayi bevayolini abangu-40, ngamunye wabo owayemdala kuye ngeminyaka okungenani engu-10.

Lapho efika esuka eParis eya eVienna, umdlali we-violini osemusha ngokungalindelekile wathola isipho esivela kumphathi waseMelika u-Edmond Stenton sokuya e-United States nomdlali wopiyano uMoritz Rosenthal. Uhambo lwaseMelika lwenzeka ngesizini ka-1888/89. NgoJanuwari 9, 1888, uKreisler wenza i-debut yakhe eBoston. Bekuyikhonsathi yokuqala eyethula ngempela umsebenzi wakhe njengomdlali wevayolini wekhonsathi.

Ebuyela eYurophu, uKreisler washiya i-violin okwesikhashana ukuze aqedele imfundo yakhe evamile. Esemncane, uyise wamfundisa izifundo zemfundo ejwayelekile ekhaya, efundisa isiLatini, isiGreki, isayensi yemvelo kanye nezibalo. Manje (ngo-1889) ungena eSikoleni Sezokwelapha e-University of Vienna. Engene shí esifundweni sezokwelapha, wafunda ngenkuthalo noprofesa abakhulu. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngaphezu kwalokho wafunda ukudweba (eParis), wafunda umlando wobuciko (eRoma).

Nokho, lesi sikhathi biography yakhe ayicacile ngokuphelele. I. Izihloko zika-Yampolsky mayelana noKreisler zibonisa ukuthi kakade ngo-1893 uKreisler wafika eMoscow, lapho anikeza khona amakhonsathi angu-2 ku-Russian Musical Society. Awukho umsebenzi wangaphandle ku-violinist, okuhlanganisa ne-monograph ka-Lochner, equkethe le datha.

Ngo-1895-1896, uKreisler wakhonza ebuthweni lezempi lika-Archduke Eugene waseHabsburg. U-Archduke ukhumbule umdlali wevayolini osemusha emidlalweni yakhe futhi wamsebenzisa ngezikhathi zomculo njengomuntu ocula yedwa, kanye naku-orchestra lapho enza imidlalo ye-opera eyimfundamakhwela. Kamuva (ngo-1900) uKreisler wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba u-lieutenant.

Ekhululwe ebuthweni, uKreisler wabuyela emsebenzini womculo. Ngo-1896 waya eTurkey, kwathi iminyaka emi-2 (1896-1898) ehlala eVienna. Ungase uhlangane naye e-cafe "Megalomania" - uhlobo lweklabhu yomculo enhloko-dolobha yase-Austria, lapho uHugo Wolf, u-Eduard Hanslick, uJohann Brahms, uHugo Hofmannsthal wahlangana khona. Ukuxhumana nalaba bantu kwenza uKreisler waba nengqondo ethanda ukwazi ngendlela engavamile. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kamuva wakhumbula imihlangano yakhe nabo.

Indlela eya enkazimulweni yayingelula. Indlela engavamile yokusebenza kuka-Kreisler, odlala “ngokungafani” nabanye abadlali be-violin, iyamangaza futhi ithusa umphakathi wase-Viennese. Ephelelwe yithemba, uze enze umzamo wokungenela i-orchestra yeRoyal Vienna Opera, kodwa akamukelwa nakhona, okuthiwa “ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwesigqi.” Udumo luza kuphela ngemva kwamakhonsathi ka-1899. Lapho efika eBerlin, uKreisler wenza ngokungalindelekile ngempumelelo enkulu. U-Joachim omkhulu ngokwakhe ujabule ngethalenta lakhe elisha nelingavamile. UKreisler kwakukhulunywa ngaye njengomdlali we-violini othakazelisa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1900, wamenywa eMelika, futhi uhambo oluya eNgilandi ngoMeyi 1902 lwahlanganisa ukuthandwa kwakhe eYurophu.

Kwakuyisikhathi esijabulisayo nesingenandaba nobusha bakhe bobuciko. Ngokwemvelo, uKreisler wayengumuntu ophilayo, onobungane, othanda amahlaya namahlaya. Ngo-1900-1901 wavakashela eMelika nomdlali weselula uJohn Gerardi kanye nomdlali wepiyano uBernhard Pollack. Abangane babehlale behlekisa ngomdlali wopiyano, njengoba wayehlale ethukile ngenxa yendlela ababonakala ngayo egumbini lobuciko ngomzuzwana wokugcina, ngaphambi kokungena esiteji. Ngolunye usuku eChicago, uPollak wathola ukuthi bobabili babengekho egumbini lobuciko. Ihholo lalixhunywe nehhotela ababehlala kulo bobathathu, futhi uPollak waphuthuma efulethini likaKreisler. Wangena wangangqongqoza wafica umshayi wevayolini nomdlali weselula belele embhedeni omkhulu ophindwe kabili, nezingubo zokulala zidonswe ezilevini zabo. Bahona i-fortissimo ku-duet esabekayo. “Yeyi, niyahlanya nobabili! U-Pollack wamemeza. “Izethameli sezihlangene futhi zilindele ukuba kuqale ikhonsathi!”

– Ake ngilale! kubhonga i-Kreisler ngolimi lwe-Wagnerian dragon.

Nakhu ukuthula kwami ​​kwengqondo! kububula uGerardi.

Ngala mazwi, bobabili baphendukela kolunye uhlangothi lwabo futhi baqala ukuhona kakhulu kunakuqala. Ecasukile uPollack wakhumula izingubo zabo wathola ukuthi bagqoke amajazi. Ikhonsathi iqale ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-10 kuphela kanti izethameli azizange ziphawule lutho.

Ngo-1902, kwenzeka isenzakalo esikhulu empilweni kaFritz Kreisler - washada no-Harriet Lyse (emva komyeni wakhe wokuqala, uNksz Fred Wortz). Wayengowesifazane omangalisayo, ohlakaniphile, othandekayo, ozwelayo. Waba umngane wakhe ozinikele kakhulu, ehlanganyela imibono yakhe futhi eziqhenya ngokuhlanya ngaye. Baze baguga bejabule.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-900 kuze kufike ngo-1941, u-Kreisler wavakashela kaningi eMelika futhi wahamba njalo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Uhlobene kakhulu ne-United States futhi, eYurophu, ne-England. Ngo-1904, iLondon Musical Society yamklomelisa ngendondo yegolide ngokudlala kwakhe i-Beethoven Concerto. Kodwa ngokomoya, uKreisler useduze kakhulu neFrance futhi kuyo kukhona abangani bakhe baseFrance uYsaye, Thibault, Casals, Cortot, Casadesus nabanye. Ukunamathela kukaKreisler esikweni lesiFulentshi kuyinto ephilayo. Uvame ukuvakashela indawo yaseBelgian yaseYsaye, adlale umculo ekhaya noThibaut noCasals. U-Kreisler wavuma ukuthi u-Izai wayenethonya elikhulu lobuciko kuye nokuthi waboleka amasu we-violin amaningi kuye. Iqiniso lokuthi uKreisler waphenduka “indlalifa” ka-Izaya mayelana nokudlidliza selishilo kakade. Kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi u-Kreisler ukhangwa isimo sobuciko esikhona kumbuthano we-Ysaye, Thibaut, Casals, isimo sabo sengqondo sothando emculweni, kuhlangene nokutadisha okujulile. Ekukhulumisaneni nabo kwakhiwa imibono yobuhle kaKreisler, izici ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle zobuntu bakhe ziyaqiniswa.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I, uKreisler wayengaziwa kangako eRussia. Wanikeza amakhonsathi lapha kabili, ngo-1910 no-1911. Ngo-December 1910, wanika amakhonsathi angu-2 eSt. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwakhe kwenza umqondo ojulile ngamandla esimo somoya kanye nobuqili obungavamile bemisho. Udlale eyakhe imisebenzi, ngaleso sikhathi eyayisaqhubeka njengokushintshwa kwemidlalo yakudala.

Ngemva konyaka, uKreisler waphinde wavela eRussia. Phakathi nalokhu kuhambela, amakhonsathi akhe (December 2 no-9, 1911) kakade aye abangela umsindo omkhulu kakhulu. Umgxeki waseRussia wabhala: “Phakathi kwabadlali be-violin bethu bangaleso sikhathi, igama likaFritz Kreisler kumelwe libekwe endaweni yokuqala. Emisebenzini yakhe, u-Kreisler uyiciko kakhulu kune-virtuoso, futhi isikhathi sobuhle sihlala sifihla kuye isifiso semvelo sokuthi bonke abadlali be-violin kufanele babonise amakhono abo. " Kodwa lokhu, ngokusho komgxeki, kumvimbela ukuba abonwe "umphakathi jikelele", abafuna "ubuhle obuhlanzekile" kunoma yimuphi umculi, okulula kakhulu ukukubona.

Ngo-1905, uKreisler waqala ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe, engena enkohliso eyaziwa kabanzi manje. Phakathi kokushicilelwe kwakune-"Three Old Viennese Dances", okusolakala ukuthi ngezikaJoseph Lanner, nochungechunge "lwemibhalo" yemidlalo yakudala - uLouis Couperin, uPorpora, uPunyani, uPadre Martini, njll. Ekuqaleni, wenza lokhu "okulotshiwe" amakhonsathi akhe, abe eseshicilelwa futhi ngokushesha ahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Kwakungekho umdlali wevayolini owayengeke abafake ohlwini lwakhe lwekhonsathi. Anomsindo omuhle kakhulu, abhalwe ngesitayela esicashile, ayehlonishwa kakhulu abaculi nomphakathi. Njengezingoma “zakhe” zangempela, u-Kreisler ngesikhathi esisodwa wakhipha imidlalo yasesalon yase-Viennese, futhi ukugxekwa kwawela phezu kwakhe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa “ngokunambitheka okubi” akubonise emidlalweni efana nethi “The Pangs of Love” noma “Viennese Caprice”.

Umkhonyovu ngezingcezu “zezingasoze zabuna” zaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1935, lapho u-Kreisler evuma kumgxeki womculo we-New Times u-Olin Dowen ukuthi lonke uchungechunge lwemibhalo yesandla ye-Classical, ngaphandle kwemigoqo engu-8 yokuqala ku-Ditto Louis Couperin kaLouis XIII, lwabhalwa nguye. NgokukaKreisler, umqondo waleli nkohliso lafika engqondweni yakhe eminyakeni engu-30 edlule mayelana nesifiso sokugcwalisa kabusha ingoma yakhe yekhonsathi. “Ngithole ukuthi kungaba amahloni nokungacunuli ukuqhubeka nokuphindaphinda igama lami ezinhlelweni.” Kwesinye isenzakalo, wachaza isizathu sobuqili ngobunzima abaqambi abaculayo abavame ukuphathwa ngabo. Futhi njengobufakazi, waveza isibonelo somsebenzi wakhe siqu, ebonisa ukuthi imidlalo "yakudala" nezingoma ezisayinwe negama lakhe zahlolwa kanjani - "i-Viennese Caprice", "iTambourine yamaShayina", njll.

Ukudalulwa kwenkohliso kwabangela isiphepho. U-Ernst Neumann wabhala isihloko esilimazayo. Kwaqubuka impikiswano, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe encwadini ka-Lochner, kodwa ... kuze kube namuhla, "izingcezu zasendulo" zika-Kreisler zisalokhu kuyiqoqo labadlali bevayolini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKreisler wayeqinisile lapho ephikisa uNeumann, ebhala: “Amagama engawakhetha ngokucophelela iningi lalingaziwa. Ubani owake wezwa incwadi eyodwa kaPunyani, Cartier, Francoeur, Porpora, Louis Couperin, Padre Martini noma Stamitz ngaphambi kokuba ngiqale ukuqamba ngaphansi kwegama labo? Babehlala kuphela ohlwini lwezigaba zemibhalo yemibhalo; imisebenzi yabo, uma ikhona, kancane kancane iphenduka uthuli ezindlini zezindela nasemitatsheni yezincwadi emidala.” U-Kreisler ukhulise amagama abo ngendlela engavamile futhi ngokungangabazeki waba nesandla ekuveleni kwesithakazelo kumculo we-violin wekhulu lesi-XNUMX-XNUMX.

Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, abakwaKreisler babevakashele eSwitzerland. Ngemva kokukhansela zonke izinkontileka, kuhlanganise nohambo lwaseRussia noKusevitsky, uKreisler waphuthuma eVienna, lapho abhaliswa khona njengommeli webutho lezempi. Izindaba zokuthi i-violinist edumile ithunyelwe enkundleni yempi yabangela ukusabela okunamandla e-Austria nakwamanye amazwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebonakalayo. UKreisler wasala ebuthweni. Ngokushesha ibutho ayekhonza kulo ladluliselwa empini yaseRussia eduze kwaseLvov. Ngo-September 1914, kwasakazeka izindaba ezingamanga zokuthi uKreisler ubulewe. Eqinisweni, walimala futhi lokhu kwaba isizathu sokuxoshwa kwakhe. Ngokushesha, kanye noHarriet, wahamba waya e-United States. Isikhathi esisele, lapho impi isaqhubeka, babehlala lapho.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi yaphawulwa umsebenzi wekhonsathi osebenzayo. IMelika, iNgilandi, iJalimane, futhi iMelika, iCzechoslovakia, i-Italy - akunakwenzeka ukubala izindlela zomculi omkhulu. Ngo-1923, uKreisler wathatha uhambo olukhulu oluya eMpumalanga, evakashela eJapane, eKorea naseChina. EJapane, waba nesithakazelo esijulile emisebenzini yokudweba nomculo. Wayehlose ngisho nokusebenzisa iziphimbo zobuciko baseJapane emsebenzini wakhe siqu. Ngo-1925 waya e-Australia naseNew Zealand, esuka lapho waya e-Honolulu. Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-30s, mhlawumbe ubengumdlali wevayolini odume kakhulu emhlabeni.

U-Kreisler wayengu-anti-fascist oshisekayo. Wakugxeka kakhulu ushushiso olwabhekana nalo eJalimane nguBruno Walter, uKlemperer, uBusch, futhi wenqaba ngokuphelele ukuya kuleli zwe “kuze kube yilapho ilungelo lawo wonke amaciko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi avelaphi, inkolo kanye nobuzwe, ukwenza ubuciko babo lingashintshiwe eJalimane iqiniso. .” Ngakho wabhala incwadi eya kuWilhelm Furtwängler.

Ngokukhathazeka, ulandela ukusabalala kwe-fascism eJalimane, futhi lapho i-Austria ifakwa ngenkani ku-Fascist Reich, udlulela (ngo-1939) ekubeni yisakhamuzi saseFrance. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, uKreisler wayehlala e-United States. Konke ukuzwela kwakhe kwakusohlangothini lwamabutho aphikisana nobufascist. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wayesanikeza amakhonsathi, nakuba iminyaka yayisiqala ukuzizwa.

Ngo-April 27, 1941, lapho ewela umgwaqo eNew York, washayiswa iloli. Izinsuku eziningi umculi omkhulu wayephakathi kokuphila nokufa, e-delirium akazange aqaphele labo abaseduze kwakhe. Nokho, ngenhlanhla, umzimba wakhe wabhekana nesifo, futhi ngo-1942 Kreisler wakwazi ukubuyela ekhonsathini umsebenzi. Imisebenzi yakhe yokugcina yenzeka ngo-1949. Nokho, isikhathi eside ngemva kokushiya isiteji, uKreisler wayephakathi kokunaka kwabaculi bomhlaba. Bakhuluma naye, bebonisana ‘njengonembeza wobuciko’ ohlanzekile, ongenakonakala.

U-Kreisler wangena emlandweni womculo hhayi nje njengomculi, kodwa futhi njengomqambi wokuqala. Ingxenye eyinhloko yefa lakhe lokudala uchungechunge lwezithombe ezincane (cishe imidlalo engama-45). Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: eyodwa iqukethe ama-miniatures ngesitayela saseViennese, enye - idlala ngokulingisa ama-classics wekhulu lesi-2-2. U-Kreisler wazama isandla sakhe ngefomu elikhulu. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu kukhona ama-bow quartets ka-1917 kanye nama-operetta ango-1932 athi “Apple Blossom” kanye “Zizi”; eyokuqala yaqanjwa ngo-11, eyesibili ngo-1918. I-premiere ye-"Apple Blossom" yenzeke ngoNovemba 1932, XNUMX eNew York, "Zizi" - eVienna ngoDisemba XNUMX. Ama-operetta kaKreisler abe yimpumelelo enkulu.

U-Kreisler ungumnikazi wemibhalo elotshiwe eminingi (ngaphezu kwama-60!). Ezinye zazo zenzelwe izethameli ezingalungiselelwe kanye namakhonsathi ezingane, kanti ezinye zingamalungiselelo ekhonsathi amahle. Ubuhle, umbala ogqamile, ivayolin yabanikeza ukuthandwa okukhethekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, singakhuluma ngokudalwa kokulotshiwe kohlobo olusha, mahhala mayelana nesitayela sokucubungula, okwangempela kanye nomsindo ojwayelekile othi "Kreisler". Ukubhalwa kwayo kuhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kaSchumann, Dvorak, Granados, Rimsky-Korsakov, Cyril Scott nabanye.

Olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi wokudala ukuhlela kwamahhala. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka kukaPaganini (“Umthakathi”, “J Palpiti”), “Foglia” ka-Corelli, Ukuhlukahluka kuka-Tartini endikimbeni ka-Corelli ekucubunguleni nasekuhlelweni kwe-Kreisler, njll. Ifa lakhe lihlanganisa ama-cadenza amakhonsathi ka-Beethoven, Brahms, I-Paganini, i-sonata devil ka-Tartini."

UKreisler wayengumuntu ofundile - wayesazi isiLatini nesiGreki ngokuphelele, wafunda i-Iliad kaHomer noVirgil ekuqaleni. Ukuthi wayephakeme kangakanani ngaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile lama-violinists, ukukubeka kancane, hhayi phezulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, kungahlulelwa ngenkhulumomphendvulwano yakhe noMisha Elman. Ebona i-Iliad etafuleni lakhe, u-Elman wabuza uKreisler:

– Ingabe lokho ngesiHebheru?

Cha, ngesiGreki.

– Lokhu kuhle?

- Kakhulu!

– Ingabe iyatholakala ngesiNgisi?

- Kunjalo.

Amazwana, njengoba besho, awabalulekile.

U-Kreisler wagcina ihlaya impilo yakhe yonke. Ngesinye isikhathi, - kusho u-Elman, - ngambuza: yimuphi kubadlali bevayolini abezwile owaba nethonya elinamandla kuye? UKreisler waphendula ngaphandle kokungabaza: Venyavsky! Ehlengezela izinyembezi, ngokushesha waqala ukuchaza kahle umdlalo wakhe, ngendlela yokuthi u-Elman naye acwebe izinyembezi. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, u-Elman wabheka isichazamazwi sikaGrove futhi … waqinisekisa ukuthi uVenyavsky ushona lapho u-Kreisler eneminyaka engu-5 kuphela ubudala.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ephendukela ku-Elman, uKreisler waqala ukumqinisekisa ngokungathí sina, ngaphandle kokumomotheka, ukuthi lapho uPaganini edlala ama-harmonics akabili, abanye babo babedlala ivayolini, kuyilapho abanye beshaya ikhwela. Ukuze abe nokukholisa, wabonisa indlela uPaganini akwenza ngayo.

UKreisler wayenomusa kakhulu futhi ephana. Wanikela ngengcebo yakhe eningi ngenxa yezinhlelo zokupha. Ngemva kwekhonsathi e-Metropolitan Opera ngo-March 27, 1927, wanikela ngayo yonke imali, eyayifinyelela inani elikhulu lama- $ 26, ku-American Cancer League. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, wanakekela izintandane eziyi-000 zamaqabane akhe; Lapho efika eBerlin ngo-43, wamema i-1924 yezingane ezimpofu kakhulu ephathini likaKhisimusi. Kwavela abangu-60. “Ibhizinisi lami lihamba kahle!” ebabaza eshaya izandla.

Ukukhathalela kwakhe abantu kwakuhambisana nomkakhe ngokuphelele. Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, uKreisler wathumela amabhala okudla esuka eMelika eya eYurophu. Amanye amabhala ebiwe. Lapho lokhu kubikwa ku-Harriet Kreisler, wahlala ezolile: ngemva kwakho konke, ngisho nalowo oweba wakwenza, ngokombono wakhe, ukondla umndeni wakhe.

Kakade ikhehla, ngobusuku bangaphambi kokushiya isiteji, okungukuthi, lapho kwakunzima kakade ukubala ekugcwaliseni inhloko-dolobha yalo, lathengisa umtapo wezincwadi oyigugu kakhulu wemibhalo yesandla nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene ayeziqoqile ngothando ukuphila kwakhe konke iminyaka engu-120. izinkulungwane zamaRandi angu-372 futhi le mali yahlukaniselwa phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili ezisiza abantu baseMelika. Wayesiza njalo izihlobo zakhe, futhi isimo sakhe sengqondo ngozakwabo singabizwa ngokuthi chivalrous ngempela. Lapho uJoseph Segeti efika okokuqala e-United States ngo-1925, wamangala ngendlela engachazeki isimo sengqondo somusa somphakathi. Kuvele ukuthi ngaphambi kokufika kwakhe, uKreisler ushicilele isihloko lapho emethula khona njengomdlali wevayolini ohamba phambili ovela phesheya.

Wayelula kakhulu, ethanda ukwenza izinto zibe lula kwabanye futhi engabaxwayi nhlobo abantu abavamile. Wayefuna ngentshiseko ubuciko bakhe ukuthi bufinyelele wonke umuntu. Ngolunye usuku, kusho uLochner, kwelinye lamachweba aseNgilandi, uKreisler wehla esitimeleni ukuze aqhubeke nohambo lwakhe ngesitimela. Kwaba isikhathi eside elindile, futhi wanquma ukuthi kungaba kuhle ukubulala isikhathi uma enikeza ikhonsathi encane. Egunjini lesiteshi elibandayo nelidabukisayo, uKreisler wakhipha ivayolini wadlalela amaphoyisa, abavukuzi bamalahle nabasebenzi bemikhumbi. Lapho eqeda, waveza ithemba lokuthi bayawuthanda ubuciko bakhe.

Ubuhle buka-Kreisler kubadlali beviolin abasebasha bungafaniswa kuphela nobumnene bukaThibaut. U-Kreisler wayencoma ngobuqotho impumelelo yesizukulwane esisha se-violinists, ekholelwa ukuthi abaningi babo baye bazuza, uma kungenjalo, ubuciko bePaganini. Kodwa-ke, ukutuswa kwakhe, njengomthetho, kubhekiselwa kumasu kuphela: "Bangakwazi ukudlala kalula yonke into ebhaliwe enzima kakhulu yensimbi, futhi lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu emlandweni womculo wezinsimbi. Kodwa ngokombono wengcweti echazayo kanye nalawo mandla angaqondakaliyo angumsakazo womdlali ovelele, kulokhu inkathi yethu ayihlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinkathi.”

U-Kreisler wazuza njengefa kusukela ekhulwini lama-29 ukupha kwenhliziyo, ukholo lothando kubantu, emibonweni ephakeme. Ebucikweni bakhe, njengoba uPencherl esho kahle, kwakukhona ukuhlonishwa nokuncenga okukholisayo, ukucaca kwesiLatini kanye nomuzwa ojwayelekile waseViennese. Yiqiniso, ekuqanjweni nasekusebenzeni kukaKreisler, akusahlangabezane nezidingo zobuhle zesikhathi sethu. Okuningi kwakungokwedlule. Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ubuciko bakhe buyinkathi yonke emlandweni wesiko le-violin yomhlaba. Kungakho izindaba zokushona kwakhe ngoJanuwari 1962, XNUMX zafaka abaculi emhlabeni wonke osizini olukhulu. Umculi omkhulu nomuntu omkhulu, inkumbulo yakhe ezohlala amakhulu eminyaka, idlulile.

L. Raaben