Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff |
Sergei Rachmaninov
Futhi nganginezwe lendabuko; Uyamangalisa! A. Pleshcheev (kusuka ku-G. Heine)
I-Rachmaninov yadalwa ngensimbi negolide; Insimbi ezandleni zakhe, igolide enhliziyweni yakhe. I. Hoffman
“Ngingumqambi waseRussia, futhi izwe lakithi lishiye uphawu lwalo kumlingiswa wami nasemibonweni yami.” Lawa magama angakaS. Rachmaninov, umqambi omkhulu, umshayi wopiyano okhaliphile kanye nombhidisi. Zonke izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila kwezenhlalo nezobuciko zaseRussia zabonakala empilweni yakhe yokudala, zishiya uphawu olungenakucimeka. Ukwakheka nokuchuma komsebenzi ka-Rachmaninov kuwela kuma-1890-1900s, isikhathi lapho izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zenzeka khona emasikweni aseRussia, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungokomoya kushaywa ukushisa nokwesaba. Umuzwa ozwakalayo we-lyrical wenkathi etholakala e-Rachmaninov wawuhlotshaniswa njalo nesithombe se-Motherland yakhe ethandekayo, ngokungapheli kwe-expanses yayo ebanzi, amandla nobudlova obunamandla bamandla ayo okuqala, ubuthakathaka obumnene bemvelo yasentwasahlobo eqhakazayo.
Ithalente lika-Rachmaninov lazibonakalisa kusenesikhathi futhi ngokugqamile, nakuba kwaze kwaba yilapho eneminyaka eyishumi nambili engazange abonise intshiseko enkulu ngezifundo zomculo ezihlelekile. Waqala ukufunda ukudlala upiyano eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, ngo-1882 wangeniswa e-St. Petersburg Conservatory, lapho, eshiywe yedwa, waphazamiseka kakhulu, futhi ngo-1885 wadluliselwa eMoscow Conservatory. Lapha u-Rachmaninoff wafunda upiyano no-N. Zverev, kwase kuba ngu-A. Siloti; ezifundweni zethiyori kanye nokubunjwa - no-S. Taneyev no-A. Arensky. Ukuhlala endlini yokuhlala noZverev (1885-89), wadlula esikoleni esinzima, kodwa esinengqondo kakhulu sokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, okwamsusa ekubeni ngumuntu ovilaphayo nongenangqondo waba umuntu oqoqwe ngokukhethekile futhi onesifiso esinamandla. "Okuhle kakhulu okukimi, ngiyamkweleta," - ngakho uRachmaninov kamuva wathi mayelana neZverev. E-Conservatory, u-Rachmaninoff wathonywa kakhulu ubuntu bukaP. Tchaikovsky, owalandela ukuthuthukiswa kwentandokazi yakhe u-Seryozha futhi, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sokulondoloza, wasiza ekuhleleni i-opera Aleko e-Bolshoi Theatre, ekwazi ngomlando wakhe. isipiliyoni sakho esidabukisayo ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ngomculi osanda kufunda ukuthi azenzele eyakho indlela.
U-Rachmaninov uphothule e-Conservatory kupiyano (1891) kanye nokuqamba (1892) ngendondo yeGolide Enkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayesevele engumbhali wezingoma eziningana, kuhlanganise ne-Prelude edumile ku-C encane encane, uthando "Ekuthuleni Kobusuku Obuyimfihlo", i-First Piano Concerto, i-opera "Aleko", eyabhalwa njengomsebenzi wokuthweswa iziqu. ngezinsuku eziyi-17 nje! I-Fantasy Pieces eyalandela, op. 3 (1892), Elegiac Trio “In Memory of a Great Artist” (1893), Suite yamapiyano amabili (1893), Moments of Music op. 16 (1896), ezothando, imisebenzi ye-symphonic - "The Cliff" (1893), Capriccio on Gypsy Themes (1894) - uqinisekise umbono kaRachmaninov njengethalenta eliqinile, elijulile, lokuqala. Izithombe nemizwelo yesici sika-Rachmaninoff zivela kule misebenzi ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi - kusukela osizini oludabukisayo lwe-"Musical Moment" ku-B minor kuya ku-apotheosis yamaculo yothando "Amanzi Asentwasahlobo", kusukela ekucindezelweni okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo kwe "Isikhathi Somculo" ku-E minor kuya kumbala wamanzi omuhle kakhulu wezothando "Island".
Ukuphila phakathi nale minyaka kwakunzima. Enquma futhi enamandla ekusebenzeni nasekusunguleni, u-Rachmaninoff ngokwemvelo wayengumuntu osengozini, evame ukuzizwa enokungabaza. Waphazanyiswa ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo, isiyaluyalu sezwe, ukuzulazula emakhoneni angaziwa. Futhi nakuba ayesekelwa abantu abasondelene naye, ngokuyinhloko umndeni wakwaSatin, wazizwa enesizungu. Ukushaqeka okunamandla okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-First Symphony yakhe, eyenziwa eSt. Petersburg ngo-March 1897, kwaholela enkingeni yokudala. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana u-Rachmaninoff engaqambi lutho, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wokudlala njengomdlali wopiyano washuba, futhi waqala ukucula njengomqhubi eMoscow Private Opera (1897). Phakathi nale minyaka, wahlangana noL. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, abadwebi be-Art Theatre, waqala ubungane noFyodor Chaliapin, uRachmaninov ayebubheka njengobunye “bokuhlangenwe nakho kobuciko okunamandla, okujulile nokucashile.” Ngo-1899, uRachmaninoff wadlala phesheya okokuqala (eLondon), futhi ngo-1900 wavakashela e-Italy, lapho kwavela khona imidwebo ye-opera ezayo uFrancesca da Rimini. Isenzakalo esijabulisayo kwaba ukudlalwa kwe-opera ethi Aleko e-St. Petersburg ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka eyi-100 ka-A. Pushkin no-Chaliapin njengo-Aleko. Ngakho, uguquko lwangaphakathi lwalulungiswa kancane kancane, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1900. kwaba khona ukubuyela ekudaleni. Ikhulu leminyaka elisha laqala nge-Second Piano Concerto, eyayizwakala njenge-alamu enamandla. Abaphila ngesikhathi bezwa kuye izwi leSikhathi nokushuba kwaso, ukuqhuma, nomuzwa wezinguquko ezizayo. Manje uhlobo lwekhonsathi seluhamba phambili, kulapho imiqondo eyinhloko ihlanganiswa ngokuphelela okukhulu nokuhlanganisa. Isiteji esisha siqala empilweni kaRachmaninov.
Ukuqashelwa okujwayelekile eRussia nakwamanye amazwe kuthola umsebenzi wakhe wopiyano kanye nomqhubi. Iminyaka emi-2 (1904-06) u-Rachmaninov wasebenza njengomqhubi we-Bolshoi Theatre, eshiya emlandweni wayo inkumbulo yemikhiqizo emangalisayo yama-opera aseRussia. Ngo-1907 waba yingxenye ye-Russian Historical Concerts eyayihlelwe ngu-S. Diaghilev eParis, ngo-1909 wacula okokuqala eMelika, lapho adlala khona i-Third Piano Concerto eyayiqhutshwa ngu-G. Mahler. Umsebenzi ojulile wekhonsathi emadolobheni aseRussia nakwamanye amazwe wawuhlanganiswe nobuciko obuncane obunamandla, futhi emculweni wale minyaka eyishumi (e-cantata "Spring" - 1902, ku-preludes op. 23, ekugcineni kwe-Second Symphony kanye i-Third Concerto) kunentshiseko enkulu nomdlandla. Futhi ezingomeni ezifana nezothando "Lilac", "Kuhle lapha", esanduleleni ku-D enkulu no-G major, "umculo wamandla okucula emvelo" wazwakala ngokungena okumangalisayo.
Kodwa eminyakeni efanayo, ezinye imizwa nazo zizwakala. Imicabango edabukisayo ngezwe labomama nesiphetho salo sesikhathi esizayo, ukucabanga kwefilosofi ngokuphila nokufa kubangela izithombe ezidabukisayo zePiyano Yokuqala Sonata, ephefumulelwe nguGoethe's Faust, inkondlo ye-symphonic "Isiqhingi Sabafileyo" esekelwe emdwebeni womculi waseSwitzerland. A. Böcklin (1909), amakhasi amaningi e-Third Concerto, romances op. 26. Izinguquko zangaphakathi zabonakala ikakhulukazi ngemva kuka-1910. Uma ku-Third Concerto inhlekelele igcina inqobile futhi ikhonsathi iphetha nge-apotheosis ejabulisayo, khona-ke emisebenzini eyalandela iqhubeka ijula, iletha ekuphileni izithombe ezinonya, ezinonya, ezimnyama, imizwa yokucindezeleka. Ulimi lomculo luba lukhuni kakhulu, umoya omnandi we-melodic ngakho isici sikaRachmaninov siyanyamalala. Injalo inkondlo yezwi-symphonic ethi "The Bells" (ku-st. E. Poe, ehunyushwe ngu-K. Balmont - 1913); ezothando op. 34 (1912) kanye nokunye. 38 (1916); I-Etudes-imidwebo op. 39 (1917). Kodwa-ke, kungalesi sikhathi lapho u-Rachmaninoff enza khona imisebenzi egcwele incazelo ephakeme yokuziphatha, eyaba ngumuntu wobuhle obungokomoya obungapheli, umvuthwandaba wengoma kaRachmaninov - "Vocalise" kanye ne "All-Night Vigil" yekwaya i-cappella (1915). “Kusukela ngisemncane, bengizifela ngomculo omnandi we-Oktoikh. Bengilokhu nginomuzwa wokuthi isitayela esikhethekile, esikhethekile siyadingeka ekucubunguleni kwabo amakwaya, futhi, kubonakala kimi, ngisithole kumaVespers. Angikwazi ukuzibamba ngivume. ukuthi ukudlala kwayo okokuqala yiMoscow Synodal Choir kwanginika ihora lenjabulo ejabulisa kakhulu,” kukhumbula uRachmaninov.
Ngo-December 24, 1917, uRachmaninov nomkhaya wakhe basuka eRussia, njengoba kwenzeka, unomphela. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yesine yekhulu wayehlala kwelinye izwe, e-USA, futhi lesi sikhathi sasigcwele umsebenzi okhathazayo wekhonsathi, ngaphansi kwemithetho enonya yebhizinisi lomculo. U-Rachmaninov wasebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yemali yakhe ukuze anikeze usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kubantu bakubo phesheya naseRussia. Ngakho, lonke iqoqo ukusebenza ngo-April 1922 idluliselwe ukuze kuzuze ababulawa indlala eRussia, futhi ekwindla ka-1941 Rakhmaninov wathumela amaRandi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine ku-Red Army aid fund.
Kwelinye izwe, uRachmaninoff wayehlala yedwa, elinganisela umbuthano wabangane bakhe kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abavela eRussia. Okuhlukile kwenzelwa kuphela umndeni kaF. Steinway, inhloko yefemu yepiyano, uRachmaninov ayenobuhlobo bobungane naye.
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuhlala kwakhe phesheya, u-Rachmaninov akazange ashiye umcabango wokulahlekelwa ugqozi lokudala. “Ngemva kokusuka eRussia, ngaphelelwa yisifiso sokuqamba. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa izwe lakithi, ngalahlekelwa yimina.” Eminyakeni engu-8 kuphela ngemva kokushiya phesheya, u-Rachmaninov ubuyela ekudaleni, udala i-Fourth Piano Concerto (1926), Izingoma Ezithathu ZaseRussia Ze-Choir ne-Orchestra (1926), Ukuhlukahluka Kwendikimba ye-Corelli yopiyano (1931), i-Rhapsody ku-Theme of Paganini. (1934), Okwesithathu Symphony (1936), "Symphonic Dances" (1940). Le misebenzi ingeyokugcina, ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-Rachmaninoff. Umuzwa odabukisayo wokulahlekelwa okungenakulungiseka, ukulangazelela okukhulu kweRussia kubangela ubuciko bamandla amakhulu ayinhlekelele, obufinyelela umvuthwandaba wawo weMidanso Yomculo. Futhi ku-Symphony Yesithathu ehlakaniphile, u-Rachmaninoff uhlanganisa indikimba eyinhloko yomsebenzi wakhe okokugcina - isithombe se-Motherland. Umcabango oqinile ogxilile womdwebi uyamvusa kusukela ekujuleni kwamakhulu eminyaka, uvela njengenkumbulo ethandekayo kakhulu. Ekuxhumaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezindikimba ezihlukahlukene, iziqephu, umbono obanzi uyavela, isiqephu esimangalisayo sesiphetho se-Fatherland siyaphinda sidalwe, siphethe ngesiqinisekiso sokuphila esinqobayo. Ngakho, ngayo yonke imisebenzi kaRachmaninoff, uthwala ukungaphulwa kwezimiso zakhe zokuziphatha, ingokomoya eliphezulu, ukwethembeka nothando olungenakugwenywa lwe-Motherland, ukwenziwa samuntu okwakuwubuciko bakhe.
O. Averyanova
- Museum-estate Rachmaninov in Ivanovka →
- Ipiyano isebenza ngu-Rachmaninoff →
- Imisebenzi ye-Symphonic ka-Rachmaninoff →
- I-Rachmaninov's chamber-instrumental art →
- I-Opera isebenza ngu-Rachmaninoff →
- Imisebenzi yamakhwaya ka-Rachmaninoff →
- Ezothando zika-Rachmaninoff →
- I-Rachmaninov-conductor →
Izici zokusungula
U-Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff, kanye no-Scriabin, ungomunye wabantu abavelele emculweni waseRussia wama-1900s. Umsebenzi walaba baqambi ababili udonse ukunaka ikakhulukazi kwabantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi, baphikisana kakhulu ngakho, izingxoxo eziphrintiwe ezibukhali zaqala mayelana nemisebenzi yabo ngayinye. Naphezu kwakho konke ukungafani kokubukeka komuntu ngamunye kanye nesakhiwo esingokomfanekiso somculo we-Rachmaninov no-Scriabin, amagama abo ayevame ukuvela eceleni kulezi zingxabano futhi aqhathaniswa nomunye nomunye. Kwakukhona izizathu zangaphandle zokuqhathanisa okunjalo: bobabili babengabafundi baseMoscow Conservatory, abaphothula cishe kanyekanye futhi bafunda nothisha abafanayo, bobabili bavele bagqama phakathi kontanga yabo ngamandla nokukhanya kwethalenta labo, bethola ukuqashelwa hhayi. njengabaqambi abanekhono eliphezulu kuphela, kodwa nabadlali bopiyano abavelele.
Kodwa futhi zaziningi izinto ezazibahlukanisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi zibabeka emaceleni ahlukene empilo yomculo. Umsunguli onesibindi u-Scriabin, owavula imihlaba emisha yomculo, wayephikisana no-Rachmaninov njengeciko elicabanga ngokwesiko elasekela umsebenzi walo ezisekelweni eziqinile zefa lesizwe lasendulo. “G. U-Rachmaninoff, wabhala omunye wabagxeki, insika lapho bonke abanqobi besiqondiso sangempela behlanganiswa khona, bonke labo abahlonipha izisekelo ezibekwe nguMussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov noTchaikovsky.
Kodwa-ke, kuwo wonke umehluko ezikhundleni zikaRachmaninov noScriabin eqinisweni labo lomculo wesimanje, bahlanganiswa hhayi kuphela ngezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhuliswa nokukhula kobuntu bokudala ebusheni babo, kodwa futhi nangezinye izici ezijulile zokufana. . "Ithalenta elihlubukayo, elingaphumuli" - yile ndlela uRakhmaninov abonakala ngayo emaphephandabeni. Kwakuyilokhu kugqugquzeleka okungaphumuli, isasasa lethoni yemizwa, isici somsebenzi wabo bobabili abaqambi, okwakwenza kwathandeka kakhulu futhi kwasondelana nemibuthano ebanzi yomphakathi waseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ngokulindela kwabo okukhathazayo, izifiso namathemba abo. .
“UScriabin no-Rachmaninoff ‘bangababusi bemicabango yomculo’ ababili bezwe lanamuhla lomculo waseRussia <...> Manje babelana ngodumo phakathi kwabo emculweni,” kuvuma u-LL Sabaneev, omunye wabaxolisi abashiseka kakhulu okokuqala ngqa. umphikisi onenkani ngokulinganayo kanye nomphikisi wesibili. Omunye umgxeki, olinganiselayo ekwahluleleni kwakhe, wabhala esihlokweni esinikezwe incazelo eqhathanisayo yabameleli abathathu abavelele kakhulu besikole somculo saseMoscow, uTaneyev, uRachmaninov noScriabin: ithoni yesimanje, impilo enamandla kakhulu. Womabili amathemba amahle kakhulu eRussia yanamuhla. ”
Kwaphela isikhathi eside, umbono kaRachmaninoff njengomunye wezindlalifa eziseduze kanye nabalandela uTchaikovsky wabusa. Ithonya lombhali we-Queen of Spades ngokungangabazeki laba neqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni komsebenzi wakhe, okungokwemvelo kumuntu othweswe iziqu eMoscow Conservatory, umfundi we-AS Arensky kanye no-SI Taneyev. Ngasikhathi sinye, wabuye wabona ezinye zezici zesikole sabaqambi "ePetersburg": izingoma ezijabulisayo zikaTchaikovsky zihlanganiswe eRachmaninov nobukhulu obunamandla beBorodin, ukungena okujulile kukaMussorgsky ohlelweni lokucabanga komculo wasendulo waseRussia kanye umbono wezinkondlo wemvelo kaRimsky-Korsakov. Kodwa-ke, konke okufundwe kothisha nabanduleli kwacatshangelwa kabusha ngokujulile ngumqambi, elalela intando yakhe eqinile yokudala, futhi ethola umlingiswa ngamunye omusha, ozimele ngokuphelele. Isitayela esijulile se-Rachmaninov sinobuqotho obukhulu bangaphakathi kanye ne-organicity.
Uma sibheka ukufana naye esikweni lobuciko laseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, khona-ke lokhu, okokuqala, umugqa we-Chekhov-Bunin ezincwadini, ama-lyrical landscapes kaLevitan, Nesterov, Ostroukhov emdwebeni. Lokhu kufana kuye kwaphawulwa kaningi ngababhali abahlukahlukene futhi sekucishe kwaba nemibono ehlukile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uthando olujulile nenhlonipho uRakhmaninov waphatha ngayo umsebenzi nobuntu bukaChekhov. Kakade eminyakeni yakamuva yokuphila kwakhe, efunda izincwadi zomlobi, wazisola ngokuthi akazange ahlangane naye eduze kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Umqambi wayehlotshaniswa noBunin iminyaka eminingi ngokuzwelana kanye nemibono evamile yobuciko. Bahlanganiswa futhi bahlotshaniswa nothando oluvuthayo lwemvelo yabo yaseRussia, ngezibonakaliso zempilo elula esevele ishiya eduze komuntu emhlabeni omzungezile, isimo sengqondo sonkondlo somhlaba, esinemibala ejulile. amazwi ahlabayo ahlabayo, ukomela inkululeko engokomoya kanye nokukhululwa ezintanjeni ezicindezela inkululeko yomuntu.
Umthombo wokuphefumulelwa kukaRachmaninov kwakuyizinhlobonhlobo zemibono evela ekuphileni kwangempela, ubuhle bemvelo, izithombe zezincwadi nemidwebo. “… Ngithola,” esho, “ukuthi imibono yomculo izalwa kimi kalula kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezizwakalayo ezingaphandle komculo.” Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Rachmaninov akazange alwele kakhulu ukubonisa ngokuqondile izinto ezithile ezingokoqobo ngomculo, "ukudweba imisindo", kodwa ukuze abonise ukusabela kwakhe ngokomzwelo, imizwa kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuvela ngaphansi kwethonya lezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. okuvelayo okutholwe ngaphandle. Ngalo mqondo, singakhuluma ngaye njengomunye wabameleli abamangalisa kakhulu nabajwayelekile beqiniso lobunkondlo bama-900s, umkhuba oyinhloko owakhiwa ngempumelelo nguVG Korolenko: "Asigcini nje ngokubonisa izenzakalo njengoba zinjalo futhi senza. ungadali inkohliso emhlabeni ongekho. Sakha noma sibonisa ubudlelwano obusha bomoya womuntu nomhlaba osizungezile ozalwa kithi.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zomculo kaRachmaninov, odonsa ukunaka kuqala lapho ujwayelana nawo, wumculo ozwakalayo kakhulu. Phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, ugqama ngekhono lakhe lokudala imiculo ephefumulayo ebanzi futhi ende, ehlanganisa ubuhle kanye nepulasitiki yomdwebo ngezwi elikhanyayo nelinamandla. I-Melodism, i-melodiousness iyikhwalithi eyinhloko yesitayela sikaRachmaninov, esinquma kakhulu isimo sokucabanga komqambi we-harmonic kanye nokuthungwa kwemisebenzi yakhe, egcwele, njengomthetho, ngamazwi azimele, ahamba phambili, noma anyamalale endaweni eminyene. Indwangu yomsindo.
U-Rachmaninoff udale uhlobo lwakhe olukhethekile kakhulu lomculo, olusekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwamasu kaTchaikovsky - ukuthuthukiswa komculo okunamandla okuhambisana nendlela yokuguqulwa okuhlukile, okwenziwa ngokushelela nangokuzola. Ngemva kokusuka ngokushesha noma ukukhuphukela phezulu okude okunamandla, umculo, njengokungathi, uba yiqhwa ezingeni elifinyelelwe, njalo ubuyela emsindweni owodwa oculwa isikhathi eside, noma kancane, onamaphethelo akhuphukayo, ubuyela ekuphakameni kwawo kwasekuqaleni. Ubudlelwano obuhlanekezelwe bungenzeka futhi, lapho ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu noma okuncane endaweni eyodwa enomkhawulo wokuphakama okuphezulu kuphulwa ngokuzumayo ingoma yesikhawu esibanzi, kwethula umthunzi wokuvezwa kwezwi elibukhali.
Ekuxhumaneni okunjalo kwe-dynamics kanye ne-statics, i-LA Mazel ibona esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zomculo ka-Rachmaninov. Omunye umcwaningi uhlanganisa incazelo evamile nesilinganiso salezi zimiso emsebenzini ka-Rachmaninov, ekhomba ukushintshashintsha kwezikhathi “zokubhuleka” kanye “nokuphumelela” okuyisisekelo semisebenzi yakhe eminingi. (U-VP Bobrovsky uzwakalisa umbono ofanayo, ephawula ukuthi “isimangaliso sobuntu buka-Rachmaninoff sisebunyeni obuyingqayizivele bezinto ezimbili eziqondiswe ngokuphambene kanye nokuhlangana kwazo okutholakala kuye kuphela” – isifiso esisebenzayo kanye nokuthambekela “kokuhlala isikhathi eside kulokho obekukade kukhona. okuzuziwe."). I-penchant ye-lyricism yokucabangela, ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside esimweni esithile somqondo, njengokungathi umqambi ufuna ukumisa isikhathi esidlulayo, wahlanganisa namandla amakhulu angaphandle agijimayo, ukoma kokuziqinisekisa okusebenzayo. Ngakho-ke amandla nokucija kokungafani emculweni wakhe. Wayefuna ukuletha yonke imizwa, sonke isimo sengqondo ezingeni elidlulele lokukhuluma.
Emiculweni ezwakala ngokukhululekile ye-Rachmaninov, nokuphefumula kwayo okude, okungaphazamiseki, umuntu uvame ukuzwa into efana nobubanzi "obungabaleki" bengoma yomdabu yaseRussia eqhubekayo. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuxhumana phakathi kobuciko buka-Rachmaninov nokubhala izingoma zomdabu kwakungokungaqondile kakhulu. Kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, ezingazodwa lapho umqambi ephendukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezingoma zesintu zangempela; akazange alwele ukufana okuqondile kwezingoma zakhe nezabantu. "E-Rachmaninov," umbhali womsebenzi okhethekile womculo wakhe uphawula ngokufanelekile, "akuvamile ukuvela ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ezithile zobuciko bendabuko. Ngokuqondile, uhlobo luvame ukubonakala luncibilika "emzweni" ojwayelekile wabantu futhi akunjalo, njengoba kwakunjalo ngabanduleli bakhe, ukuqala kokuqiniswa kwayo yonke inqubo yokubumba nokuba ngumfanekiso womculo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukunakwa kuye kwadonswa ezicini ezinjengalezi zomculo ka-Rachmaninov, eziwusondeza eduze nengoma yomdabu yaseRussia, njengokuhamba okushelelayo okuhambisana nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, i-diatonicism, ukuphenduka okuningi kwe-Phrygian, njll. ngomqambi, lezi zici ziba impahla engenakunqotshwa yesitayela sombhali wakhe ngamunye, zithola umbala okhethekile ocacile oyingqayizivele kuye kuphela.
Olunye uhlangothi lwalesi sitayela, oluhlaba umxhwele ngendlela engenakuvinjelwa njengokunotha kwe-melodic yomculo ka-Rachmaninov, lunamandla angajwayelekile, olunqoba ngokumangalisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo oluguquguqukayo, kwesinye isikhathi isigqi esimnandi. Kokubili abantu besikhathi somqambi kanye nabacwaningi bakamuva babhale okuningi mayelana nalesi sigqi se-Rachmaninoff, esiheha ukunaka komlaleli. Ngokuvamile yisigqi esinquma ithoni eyinhloko yomculo. U-AV Ossovsky waphawula ngo-1904 mayelana nomnyakazo wokugcina we-Second Suite for Two Pianos ukuthi u-Rachmaninov kuyo “wayengesabi ukujulisa isithakazelo esinesigqi sefomu le-Tarantella emphefumulweni ongaphumuli nomnyama, ongajwayelekile ekuhlaselweni kohlobo oluthile lwamademoni. izikhathi.”
Isigqi sivela ku-Rachmaninov njengomthwali wesimiso esisebenzayo sokuziphendulela esenza indwangu yomculo ibe namandla futhi sethula "imizwa eminingi" enomsindo endaweni evamile yokuvumelana okuphelele kwezakhiwo. U-BV Asafiev, eqhathanisa indima yomgomo wesigqi emisebenzini ka-Rachmaninov noTchaikovsky, wabhala: “Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni, imvelo eyisisekelo ye-symphony" yakhe engaphumuli yazibonakalisa ngamandla athile ekungqubuzaneni okumangalisayo kwezindikimba ngokwazo. Emculweni ka-Rachmaninov, abanothando kakhulu ebuqothweni bawo bokudala, inyunyana yenqolobane ye-lyric-contemplative of feeling with the strong-willed orged arehouse of the composer-performer's "I" iphenduka "indawo yomuntu ngamunye" yokucabangela komuntu siqu, eyayilawulwa yisigqi ngencazelo yesici sokuzikhethela ... “. Iphethini yesigqi e-Rachmaninov ihlale ichazwe ngokucacile kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigqi silula, ngisho, njengamabhithi asindayo, alinganisiwe ensimbi enkulu, noma eyinkimbinkimbi, enezimbali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Intandokazi yomqambi, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yeminyaka yawo-1910, i-ostinato enesigqi ayinikezi isigqi nje kuphela, kodwa kwezinye izimo futhi ukubaluleka kwetimu.
Emkhakheni wokuvumelana, u-Rachmaninoff akazange adlule ohlelweni lwe-classical-manor-manor ngendlela aluthola emsebenzini wabaqambi bothando baseYurophu, uTchaikovsky kanye nabameleli be-Mighty Handful. Umculo wakhe uhlale uchazwa ngokwezwi nezwi futhi uzinzile, kodwa ekusebenziseni izindlela zokuvumelana kwethoni yakudala-yothando, wabonakala ngezici ezithile okungekho nzima ngazo ukusungula ukubhalwa kwento eyodwa noma enye. Phakathi kwezici ezinjalo ezikhethekile zolimi lwe-harmonic luka-Rachmaninov, isibonelo, ukunensa okwaziwayo kokunyakaza okusebenzayo, ukuthambekela kokuhlala kukhiye owodwa isikhathi eside, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuwohloka kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ukunakwa kudonselwa ebuningini bokubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-multi-tert, imigqa yamaculo angewona kanye ne-undecimal, evamise ukuba nemibala eminingi, imisindvo kunokubaluleka kokusebenza. Ukuxhumana kwalolu hlobo lwama-harmonies ayinkimbinkimbi kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngosizo lokuxhumana kwe-melodic. Ukubusa kwesici sengoma ye-melodic emculweni we-Rachmaninov kunquma izinga eliphezulu lokugcwaliswa kwe-polyphonic kwendwangu yayo yomsindo: izakhiwo ze-harmonic ngazinye zivela njalo ngenxa yokuhamba ngokukhululekile kwamazwi "aculayo" azimele noma angaphansi.
Kukhona enye inguquko eyintandokazi ye-harmonic ka-Rachmaninoff, ayeyisebenzisa kaningi, ikakhulukazi ekuqanjweni kwesikhathi sokuqala, kangangokuthi waze wathola igama elithi "ukuvumelana kukaRachmaninov". Le nzuzo isekelwe kusingeniso esincishisiwe somculo wesikhombisa we-harmonic encane, ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ngendlela ye-terzkvartakkord esikhundleni se-II degree III kanye nesixazululo sibe i-tonic triad endaweni yesithathu ye-melodic.
Ukuthuthela ku-quart encishisiwe evela kuleli cala ngezwi le-melodic kuveza umuzwa odabukisayo wokulila.
Njengesinye sezici eziphawulekayo zomculo ka-Rachmaninov, abacwaningi abaningi nezibukeli baphawule imibala yawo emincane evelele. Omane amakhonsathi akhe opiyano, ama-symphonies amathathu, womabili ama-sonatas wepiyano, iningi lezithombe ze-etudes nezinye izingoma eziningi zabhalwa ezincane. Ngisho nokukhulu kuvame ukuthola umbala omncane ngenxa yokuncipha kokuguqulwa, ukuchezuka kwethoni kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinyathelo eziseceleni ezincane. Kodwa bambalwa abaqambi abaye bazuza izinhlobonhlobo zama-nuances kanye namadigri okugxila okuvezayo ekusetshenzisweni kokhiye omncane. Ukuphawula kuka-LE Gakkel ukuthi ku-etudes-paintings op. 39 “uma kubhekwa uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwemibala emincane yobukhona, izithunzi ezincane zokuphila umuzwa” zinganwetshwa engxenyeni ebalulekile yawo wonke umsebenzi kaRachmaninoff. Abagxeki abanjengoSabaneev, owayenobutha obunobandlululo ngoRachmaninov, bambiza ngokuthi “umzwilili okhaliphile,” omculo wakhe ubonisa “ukungabi nakuzisiza okudabukisayo komuntu ongenawo amandla okuzimisela.” Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Rachmaninov omncane “omnyama” ocinene uvame ukuzwakala unesibindi, ubhikisha futhi ugcwele ukungezwani okukhulu. Futhi uma amanothi okulila ebanjwa indlebe, khona-ke lokhu "usizi oluhloniphekile" lomdwebi we-patriot, "obububula ngokububula ngezwe lendabuko", olwazwiwa nguM. Gorky kweminye yemisebenzi kaBunin. Njengalo mbhali osondelene naye emoyeni, uRachmaninov, ngamazwi kaGorky, "wacabanga ngeRussia iyonke", ezisola ngokulahlekelwa kwakhe futhi ebhekana nokukhathazeka ngesiphetho sekusasa.
Isithombe sokudala se-Rachmaninov ezicini zayo eziyinhloko sahlala sibalulekile futhi sizinzile kulo lonke uhambo lomqambi lwekhulu leminyaka, ngaphandle kokuhlukana okubukhali nezinguquko. Izimiso zobuhle kanye nesitayela, wafunda ebusheni bakhe, wayethembekile eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, singabona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuthile emsebenzini wakhe, okungabonakali nje kuphela ekukhuleni kwekhono, ukucebisa i-palette yomsindo, kodwa futhi kuthinta kancane isakhiwo somculo esingokomfanekiso nesicacile. Kule ndlela, ezintathu ezinkulu, nakuba zingalingani kokubili ubude besikhathi nangokwezinga lazo lokukhiqiza, izikhathi zichazwe ngokucacile. Ahlukaniswa kusuka komunye nomunye ngama-caesuras esikhashana amade, amabhande okungabaza, ukuzindla kanye nokungabaza, lapho kungekho nowodwa umsebenzi oqediwe ophuma esibayeni somqambi. Isikhathi sokuqala, esiwela kuma-90s wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, singabizwa isikhathi sokuthuthuka kokudala nokuvuthwa kwethalente, okuhambe kwaveza indlela yaso ngokunqoba amathonya emvelo esemncane. Imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi ngokuvamile ayikazimele ngokwanele, ingaphelele ngesimo nokuthungwa. (Ezinye zazo (i-First Piano Concerto, i-Elegiac Trio, izingcezu zepiyano: I-Melody, i-Serenade, i-Humoresque) kamuva zabuyekezwa umqambi futhi ukuthungwa kwazo kwacebisa futhi kwathuthukiswa.), nakuba emakhasini abo amaningi (izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu ze-opera yentsha "Aleko", i-Elegiac Trio ekhumbula u-PI Tchaikovsky, isandulela esidumile ku-C-sharp minor, ezinye zezikhathi zomculo nezothando), ubuntu bomqambi. isivele yembulwa ngokuqiniseka ngokwanele.
Ikhefu elingalindelekile lifika ngo-1897, ngemva kokusebenza okungaphumelelanga kwe-First Symphony ka-Rachmaninov, umsebenzi lapho umqambi etshale khona umsebenzi omningi namandla angokomoya, okwakungaqondwa kahle ngabaculi abaningi futhi cishe walahla ngazwi linye emakhasini ephephandaba, waze wahlekwa usulu. ngabanye babagxeki. Ukwehluleka kwe-symphony kwabangela ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo okujulile e-Rachmaninoff; ngokuvumelana nesakhe, isivumo sakhe sakamuva, “wayenjengomuntu oshaywe unhlangothi, owaphuka kokubili ikhanda nezandla isikhathi eside.” Iminyaka emithathu eyalandela kwaba iminyaka ecishe iphelele yokuthula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukucabangisisa okugxilile, ukuhlola kabusha okubalulekile kwakho konke okwenziwa ngaphambilini. Umphumela walo msebenzi ojulile wangaphakathi womqambi kuye kwaba ukukhuphuka okunamandla okungavamile nokugqamile kokudala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha.
Phakathi neminyaka emithathu noma emine yokuqala yekhulu lama-23, u-Rakhmaninov wadala inqwaba yemisebenzi yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ephawulekayo ngezinkondlo zabo ezijulile, ubusha kanye nokushesha kokuphefumulelwa, lapho ukujula komcabango wokudala kanye nokuvela "kombhalo wesandla" wombhali kuhlanganiswe nobuciko obuqediwe obuphezulu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Second Piano Concerto, i-Second Suite yamapiyano amabili, i-sonata ye-cello nopiyano, i-cantata "Spring", i-Preludes Eyishumi. XNUMX, i-opera ethi “Francesca da Rimini”, ezinye zezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezingoma zikaRachmaninov (“Lilac”, “Ingcaphuno evela ku-A. Musset”), Lolu chungechunge lwemisebenzi lwasungula isikhundla sikaRachmaninoff njengomunye wabaqambi abakhulu nabathakazelisa kakhulu baseRussia. yesikhathi sethu, okumenza aqashelwe kabanzi emibuthanweni yobuhlakani bezobuciko naphakathi koquqaba lwabalaleli.
Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu kusukela ngo-1901 kuya ku-1917 sasithela kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe: kule minyaka eyishumi nengxenye, iningi labavuthiwe, elizimele ngesitayela semisebenzi kaRachmaninov labhalwa, okwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yezingoma zomculo kazwelonke. Cishe njalo ngonyaka ulethe ama-opuses amasha, ukubukeka kwawo okwaba umcimbi ophawulekayo empilweni yomculo. Ngomsebenzi wokudala ongapheli we-Rachmaninoff, umsebenzi wakhe awuzange uhlale ungashintshile phakathi nalesi sikhathi: ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amabili okuqala, izimpawu zokushintsha ukuphuza ziyabonakala kuwo. Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizimfanelo zayo ezivamile “ezijwayelekile,” iba yiphimbo elinamandla kakhulu, imizwa ephazamisayo iya ngokuya iba namandla, kuyilapho ukuthululwa okuqondile kwesigqi somculo kubonakala kuhamba kancane, imibala ekhanyayo ekhanyelayo ibonakala kancane kuphalethi yomsindo womqambi, umbala ophelele womculo. kuba mnyama futhi kushube. Lezi zinguquko ziyabonakala ochungechungeni lwesibili lwezandulela zepiyano, op. 32, imijikelezo emibili yemidwebo ye-etudes, futhi ikakhulukazi izingoma ezinkulu eziyisikhumbuzo njengokuthi "The Bells" kanye "All-Night Vigil", ebeka phambili imibuzo ejulile, eyisisekelo yokuphila komuntu kanye nenjongo yokuphila komuntu.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okwatholwa uRachmaninov akuzange kubaleke ukunaka kwabantu besikhathi sakhe. Omunye wabagxeki wabhala mayelana neThe Bells: “Kubukeka sengathi uRakhmaninov useqalile ukufuna imizwa emisha, indlela entsha yokuveza imicabango yakhe ... ”
Ngemva kuka-1917, kwaqala ikhefu elisha emsebenzini kaRachmaninov, manje isikhathi eside kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi kuphela lapho umqambi wabuyela ekuqambeni umculo, esehlele izingoma ezintathu zesintu zaseRussia zekwaya ne-orchestra futhi waqeda i-Fourth Piano Concerto, eyaqala ngobusuku beMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Phakathi neminyaka yama-30s wabhala (ngaphandle kwemibhalo embalwa yekhonsathi yepiyano) ezine kuphela, noma kunjalo, ezibalulekile ngokombono wemisebenzi emikhulu.
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Esimweni sokuseshwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuvame ukuphikisana, umzabalazo obukhali, onamandla wokukhomba indlela, ukuwohloka kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokuqaphela ubuciko okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko bomculo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uRachmaninoff wahlala ethembekile ku-classical enkulu. amasiko omculo waseRussia kusukela eGlinka kuya eBorodin, Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov kanye nabafundi babo abaseduze, abaqondile nabalandeli bakaTaneyev, Glazunov. Kodwa akazange agcine indima yomnakekeli walezi zithethe, kodwa ngenkuthalo, wazibona ngobuciko, eqinisekisa amandla abo aphilayo, angapheli, ikhono lokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokucebisa. Umculi ozwelayo, othintekayo, u-Rachmaninov, naphezu kokunamathela kwakhe emithethweni yama-classics, akazange ahlale eyisithulu ezingcingo zesimanje. Esimeni sakhe sengqondo mayelana nezitayela ezintsha zekhulu lesi-XNUMX, bekungekona nje kuphela ukungqubuzana, kodwa nokusebenzelana okuthile.
Phakathi nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, umsebenzi kaRachmaninov uye waba nenguquko ephawulekayo, futhi imisebenzi ye-1930s hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi 1910 ihluke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwabo okungokomfanekiso nangolimi, izindlela zokukhuluma zomculo kusukela ekuqaleni, hhayi okwamanje. ama-opuses azimele ngokuphelele okuphela kwalowo odlule. amakhulu eminyaka. Kwezinye zazo, umqambi uhlangana ne-impressionism, i-symbolism, i-neoclassicism, nakuba ngendlela engavamile kakhulu, ngayinye ibona izici zalezi zindlela. Ngazo zonke izinguquko nokujika, isithombe sokudala sika-Rachmaninov sahlala sibalulekile ngaphakathi, sigcina lezo zici eziyisisekelo, ezichazayo ukuthi umculo wakhe uthola ukuthandwa kwawo kuhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwabalaleli: i-lyricism enothando, ehehayo, ukuba neqiniso nobuqotho bokukhuluma, umbono wezinkondlo zomhlaba. .
Yu. Woza
Umqhubi weRachmaninoff
U-Rachmaninov wehla emlandweni hhayi nje kuphela njengomqambi nomshayi wopiyano, kodwa futhi njengomqhubi ovelele wesikhathi sethu, nakuba lolu hlangothi lomsebenzi wakhe lwalungelude futhi luqinile.
U-Rachmaninov wenza i-debut yakhe njengomqhubi ekwindla ka-1897 e-Mamontov Private Opera eMoscow. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kwakungadingeki ahole i-orchestra futhi afunde ukuqhuba, kodwa ithalenta elihlakaniphile lomculi lasiza u-Rachmaninov ngokushesha ukuba afunde izimfihlo zobungcweti. Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi akazange akwazi ukuqeda ukuphindaphinda kokuqala: wayengazi ukuthi abaculi badinga ukukhombisa izingeniso; futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uRachmaninov wayesewenzile umsebenzi wakhe ngokuphelele, eqhuba i-opera kaSaint-Saens ethi Samson noDelila.
Wabhala: “Unyaka engahlala ngawo ku-opera yaseMamontov wawubaluleke kakhulu kimi. Lapho ngathola ikhono langempela lombhidisi, kamuva elangisiza kakhulu.” Phakathi nenkathi yomsebenzi njengomqhubi wesibili wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, uRachmaninov wenza imidlalo engamashumi amabili nanhlanu yama-operas ayisishiyagalolunye: "uSamsoni noDelila", "Mermaid", "Carmen", "Orpheus" kaGluck, "Rogneda" nguSerov, " Mignon” nguTom, “Askold’s Grave”, “The Enemy strength”, “May night”. Abezindaba baphawula ngokushesha ukucaca kwesitayela somqhubi wakhe, imvelo, ukuntuleka kokuma, umuzwa wensimbi wesigqi odluliselwa kubadlali, ukunambitheka okuthambile kanye nomuzwa omangalisayo wemibala ye-orchestra. Ngokuthola ulwazi, lezi zici zikaRachmaninoff njengomculi zaqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokugcwele, zihambisana nokuzethemba negunya ekusebenzeni nabacula ngabodwana, ikhwaya ne-orchestra.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, u-Rachmaninoff, ematasa ngomsebenzi wokuqamba kanye nomculo wopiyano, waqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Ikusasa lethalente lakhe lokuqhuba liwela esikhathini sika-1904-1915. Sekuphele amasizini amabili esebenza eBolshoi Theatre, lapho ukuhumusha kwakhe ama-opera aseRussia kuthokozela impumelelo ethile. Izenzakalo zomlando empilweni yaseshashalazini zibizwa ngabagxeki umsebenzi wokugubha usuku luka-Ivan Susanin, awenza ngokuhlonipha iminyaka eyikhulu yokuzalwa kukaGlinka, kanye neVeki likaTchaikovsky, lapho uRachmaninov eqhuba khona iNdlovukazi ye-Spades, u-Eugene Onegin, u-Oprichnik. nama-ballet.
Kamuva, uRachmaninov waqondisa ukusebenza kweThe Queen of Spades eSt. ababuyekezi bavuma ukuthi uyena owaba ngowokuqala ukuqonda nokudlulisela ezilalelini yonke incazelo edabukisayo ye-opera. Phakathi kwempumelelo ka-Rachmaninov yokudala e-Bolshoi Theatre ubuye akhiqize i-Pan Voevoda ka-Rimsky-Korsakov kanye nama-opera akhe i-Miserly Knight no-Francesca da Rimini.
Esiteji se-symphony, u-Rachmaninov kusukela kumakhonsathi okuqala wazibonakalisa eyinkosi ephelele yezinga elikhulu. I-epithet "brilliant" ngokuqinisekile yayihambisana nokubuyekezwa kokusebenza kwakhe njengomqhubi. Ngokuvamile, u-Rachmaninoff ubonakala endaweni yomqhubi wamakhonsathi e-Moscow Philharmonic Society, kanye ne-orchestra ye-Siloti ne-Koussevitzky. Ngo 1907-1913, wenza okuningi kwamanye amazwe - emadolobheni France, Holland, USA, England, Germany.
I-repertoire kaRachmaninov njengomqhubi yayinezici eziningi ezingavamile ngaleyo minyaka. Wakwazi ukungena ezinhlobonhlobo zesitayela kanye nohlamvu lomsebenzi. Ngokwemvelo, umculo waseRussia wawuseduze naye. Wavuselela esiteji sikaBorodin's Bogatyr Symphony, esicishe sakhohlwa ngaleso sikhathi, saba nesandla ekudumeni kwezithombe ezincane zikaLyadov, azenza ngobuhlakani obukhethekile. Ukuhumusha kwakhe umculo kaTchaikovsky (ikakhulukazi i-symphonies yesi-4 neyesi-5) kwaphawulwa ngokubaluleka okungavamile nokujula; emisebenzini kaRimsky-Korsakov, wakwazi ukuvulela izethameli i-gamut egqamile yemibala, futhi kuma-symphonies kaBorodin noGlazunov, wabamba izethameli ngobubanzi obuyingqopha-mlando nobuqotho obumangalisayo bokuhumusha.
Esinye seziqongo zobuciko bokuqhuba uRachmaninov kwaba ukuchazwa kwe-symphony kaMozart ethi G-minor. Umgxeki uWolfing wabhala: “Asho ukuthini ama-symphony amaningi abhaliwe nanyathelisiwe ngaphambi kokuba uRachmaninov adlale i-symphony kaMozart ye-g-moll! … Ingcweti yezobuciko yaseRussia okwesibili yaguqula futhi yabonisa imvelo yobuciko yombhali wale symphony. Asikwazi ukukhuluma kuphela nge-Mozart kaPushkin, kodwa futhi ne-Mozart kaRachmaninov ... "
Kanye nalokhu, sithola umculo omningi wothando ezinhlelweni zika-Rachmaninov - isibonelo, i-Fantastic Symphony ka-Berlioz, ama-symphonies ka-Mendelssohn no-Franck, i-Oberon overture ka-Weber kanye nezingcezwana ezivela kuma-opera ka-Wagner, inkondlo ka-Liszt kanye ne-Grieg's Lyric Suite… umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ababhali besimanje - izinkondlo ezihambisana nomculo ka-R. Strauss, izincwadi ze-Impressionists: Debussy, Ravel, Roger-Ducasse ... Futhi-ke, u-Rachmaninov wayengumhumushi ongenakuqhathaniswa wezingoma zakhe ze-symphonic. Isazi somculo esaziwayo saseSoviet u-V. Yakovlev, owezwa u-Rachmaninov izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, uyakhumbula: “Akuwona kuphela umphakathi nabagxeki, amalungu e-orchestra anolwazi, osolwazi, abaculi abaqaphela ubuholi bakhe njengephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu kulobu buciko ... hhayi kakhulu embukisweni, kodwa ukuze ahlukanise amazwi, izincazelo, ngokuvamile wayecula noma ngandlela thize echaza lokho ayekucabangele ngaphambili. Wonke umuntu owayekhona kumakhonsathi akhe ukhumbula lezo zenzo ezibanzi, eziwuphawu zesandla sonke, ezingaveli ebhulashini kuphela; ngezinye izikhathi lezi zenzo zakhe zazibhekwa njengezeqisayo amalungu e-orchestra, kodwa ayezazi futhi aziqonda. Kwakungekho okwenziwe ngokunyakaza, ukuma, akukho mphumela, akukho mdwebo wesandla. Kwakukhona uthando olungenamkhawulo, olwandulelwa ukucabanga, ukuhlaziya, ukuqonda kanye nokuqonda isitayela somculi.
Ake sengeze ngokuthi u-Rachmaninoff umqhubi naye wayengumdlali we-ensemble ongenakuqhathaniswa; abaculi abacula yedwa emakhonsathini akhe kwakungabaculi abanjengoTaneyev, Scriabin, Siloti, Hoffmann, Casals, kanye nemidlalo ye-opera uChaliapin, Nezhdanova, Sobinov ...
Ngemva kuka-1913, u-Rachmaninoff wenqaba ukwenza imisebenzi yabanye ababhali futhi wenza izingoma zakhe kuphela. Kuphela ngo-1915 lapho ephambukile kulo mthetho ngokuqhuba ikhonsathi yokukhumbula uScriabin. Nokho, ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi idumela lakhe njengomqhubi laliphezulu ngendlela engavamile emhlabeni wonke. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokufika e-United States ngo-1918, wanikezwa ubuholi beqembu elikhulu le-orchestra ezweni - eBoston naseCincinnati. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wayengeke esakwazi ukunikela isikhathi sokudlala, ephoqeleka ukuba aqhube umsebenzi omkhulu wekhonsathi njengomdlali wopiyano.
Kuphela ekwindla ka-1939, lapho umjikelezo wamakhonsathi ovela emisebenzini kaRachmaninov eNew York uhlelwa, umqambi wavuma ukuqhuba elinye lawo. I-Philadelphia Orchestra yabe yenza i-Third Symphony kanye ne-Bells. Waphinda uhlelo olufanayo ngo-1941 eChicago, futhi ngemva konyaka waqondisa ukusebenza kwe-"Isle of the Dead" kanye ne "Symphonic Dances" e-Egan Arbor. Umgxeki u-O. Daune wabhala: “URakhmaninov wabonisa ukuthi unekhono elifanayo nokulawula ukusebenza, umculo namandla okudala, ehola i-orchestra, ayibonisa lapho edlala upiyano. Umlingiswa nesitayela sokudlala kwakhe, kanye nendlela aqhuba ngayo, ishaya ngokuzola nangokuzethemba. Kufana nokungabi bikho okuphelele kokubukisa, umuzwa ofanayo wesithunzi nokuzithiba okusobala, amandla afanayo atusekayo amangalisayo. Ukuqoshwa kwe-Island of the Dead, Vocalise kanye ne-Third Symphony eyenziwe ngaleso sikhathi kusigcinele ubufakazi bobuciko bokucula bomculi waseRussia okhaliphile.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
