I-syncope |

kusukela ku-synkope yesiGreki - ukunqunywa

Ukushintsha ukugcizelela ukusuka kwesigqi esinamandla ngokwemethrikhi kuye kwesibuthaka. Ikesi elijwayelekile ukunwetshwa komsindo ukusuka esikhathini esibuthakathaka ukuya esikhathini esiqinile noma esiqinile:

njll. Igama elithi “C”, elethulwa enkathini ye-ars nova, libolekwe kuhlelo lolimi, lapho lisho ukulahlekelwa kwezwi elingagcizelelwe noma umsindo wonkamisa phakathi kwegama. Emculweni, akusho nje ukulahlekelwa umzuzu ongacindezelwanga kanye nokuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwephimbo, kodwa futhi nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kokucindezeleka. S. kungaba kokubili “ukulindela” kanye “nokubambezeleka” (bona: Braudo IA, Articulation, pp. 78-91), nakuba lo mehluko ungeke wenziwa ngokuqiniseka okuphelele.

Ku-polyphony yesitayela esiqinile, i-S., evame ukwakhiwa ukubambezeleka, ibambezeleka:

Ku-polyphony yakamuva, lapho ama-dissonances asetshenziswa ngokukhululekile, amalungiselelo ahambisana nomsindo ongavumelani weligi athatha uhlamvu luka-C. In pl. ezimweni, isiqondiso sokuhamba asikwazi ukusungulwa: ezifana, isibonelo, izingcindezi phakathi kwemethrikhi. isekela, idala ukuqhubeka kokunyakaza, njengasekuqaleni kwe-allegro yengxenye yokuqala ye-symphony kaMozart ku-D-dur (K.-V. 1). Uphawu lwe-Main S. luwukuchezuka kokugcizelelwa kwangempela ukusuka kwejwayelekile okunqunywe imitha yewashi, okwenza kube nesigqi. "Ama-Dissonances", axazululwa ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwazo zombili izigxivizo:

L. Beethoven. I-symphony yesi-4, ukunyakaza kwe-1.

Ukuze dissonances rhythmic ezidinga isinqumo kungokwalabo okuthiwa. hemiola.

Ukuchezuka ekugcizeleleni okuvamile kwabangela ama-theorists ekhulu le-17. isibaluli S. (syncopatio) kunkulumo yomculo. izibalo, okungukuthi, ukuchezuka endleleni evamile yokukhuluma (njengezibalo ezichazwe ngenkulumo-ze yasendulo).

Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, umqondo we-S. kamuva wanwetshwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-non-metric. ama-accents, kuhl. ezimweni lapho ukugcizelelwa kwesigqi esibuthakathaka kulandelwa ikhefu ngesigqi esinamandla, hhayi isandiso somsindo (

), kanye nokuphimisela kwesikhashana kusigqi esibuthakathaka ngokwemethrikhi, lapho sinesikhathi senothi eside kunaleso esiqinile sangaphambilini (bona isigqi se-Lombard).

Uhlobo lokugcina luhlanganisa izigqi eziningi zendabuko; zifana nezakudala. iambic noma phakathi nekhulu leminyaka. Imodi yesi-2, i-to-rye ezimeni zesigqi sewashi ibonwa njengo-S., kodwa ngokwemvelo yayo ingeyesigqi sangaphambili. uhlelo lapho ubude besikhathi bungeyona indlela yokugcizelela futhi lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwama-accents kungalawulwa yisilinganiso (bona Imitha).

Ngakho, kulezi zimo, asikho isici sokungqubuzana se-S. phakathi kweqiniso kanye nemethrikhi. i-accentuation. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemitha nokugcizelela kwezinye izimo kwenza imethrikhi isebenze. isekela (ngisho noma ingasetshenziswanga emsindweni), idala i-ext. ama-jerks, egcizelela i-tempo eqondile, kwabanye - ifihla i-metric. isekela futhi idale uhlobo lwe-tempo rubato (“i-tempo entshontshayo”).

I-S. yohlobo loku-1 iyisici sejubane elisheshayo, ikakhulukazi kokwakudala. umculo (lapho “amandla esigqi” ebusa khona), kanye nomdanso. nomculo we-jazz wekhulu lama-20; I-S. yohlobo lokuqala luhamba phambili lapha (isibonelo, ukuqala kwe-pianoforte ye-sonata op. 31 No 1, G-dur kanye ne-coda evela ku-Beethoven's Leonora No 3 overture, S. emisebenzini eminingi ka-R. Schumann).

Akuvamile, ukwenziwa kusebenze kwemitha kanye ne-tempo kufinyelelwa ngokubambezeleka kwe-S. (isibonelo, i-Beethoven's Coriolan overture, ingxenye eyinhloko ye-PI Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet overture). Emculweni wothando uvame ukuhlangana no-S. of the opposite, "rubat" nature. I-Rhythmich. kulokhu, ama-dissonances kwesinye isikhathi ahlala ngaphandle kwesixazululo (isibonelo, ekugcineni kwesiqephu sika-Liszt esithi “Bénédiction de Dieu dans la solitude” sepiyano):

P. Leaf. I-Benediction de Dieu dans la solitude, ucezu lwepiyano.

Ekukhiqizeni ama-romantics, ama-C abambezelekile asetshenziswa kakhulu. Indlela ejwayelekile ukulibaziseka komculo, okufana nokumiswa ekuhlobiseni iminyuziyamu. isitayela se-baroque (, esenziwe) futhi simelela i-rubato ebhaliwe, njengoba yayiqondwa emakhulwini e-17-18:

F. Chopin. I-fantasy f-moll yepiyano.

Ukulindela u-S. phakathi kwezothando, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-AN Scriabin, okulola isigqi. ama-dissonance awagcizeleli imethrikhi. ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

P. Chopin. I-Nocturn c-moll yepiyano.

References: I-Braudo IA, i-Articulation, L., 1965; Mazel LA, Zukkerman VA, Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yomculo. Izici zomculo nezindlela zokuhlaziya amafomu amancane, M., 1967, p. 191-220.

MG Harlap