Andrey Alekseevich Ivanov |

U-Andrey Ivanov

Idolobhana elithulile laseZamostye, elinye lamaphethelo asentshonalanga yeRussia yangaphambi kokuguquguquka kwe-tsarist, lalingacebile kakhulu ezenzakalweni emkhakheni wempilo yamasiko. Ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ikhwaya yezingane eziyimfundamakhwela, ehlelwe uthisha wendawo yokuzivocavoca u-Alexei Afanasevich Ivanov, ngokushesha yathola ukuthandwa okubanzi edolobheni. Phakathi kwabaculi abancane kwakukhona bobabili amadodana ka-Alexei Afanasevich - Sergei no-Andrei, abathanda kakhulu umsebenzi kayise. Abazalwane baze bahlela i-orchestra yezinsimbi zomculo wesintu ekwayeni. Omncane kunabo bonke, u-Andrei, wabonisa ukukhangwa okukhulu kwezobuciko, kusukela esemncane wayethanda ukulalela umculo, ethatha kalula isigqi nomlingiswa wawo.

Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngo-1914, umndeni wakwa-Ivanov wathuthela eKyiv. Umkhathi wesikhathi sempi awuzange uhambisane nezifundo zomculo, izinto zokuzilibazisa zangaphambili zazikhohliwe. U-Andrei Ivanov osemusha wabuyela kwezobuciko ngemva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba, kodwa akazange abe uchwepheshe ngokushesha. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, waqala ukungena Kyiv Cooperative Institute. Umculo onothando olujulile, le nsizwa ivame ukuvakashela i-opera, futhi ngezinye izikhathi icula izingoma ezizithandayo ekhaya. Umakhelwane ka-Ivanovs efulethini, uM. Chikirskaya, owayengumculi, ebona amakhono angenakungabaza ka-Andrei, wamncenga ukuba afunde ukucula. Le nsizwa ithatha izifundo zangasese kuthisha uN. Lund, owathandana nomfundi wakhe onesiphiwo futhi wafunda naye mahhala iminyaka emithathu, njengoba umndeni wakwa-Ivanov ngaleso sikhathi wawunendlela ephansi kakhulu. Ukushona kukathisha kuphazamise la makilasi.

Eqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Cooperative Institute, u-Andrei Ivanov ngesikhathi esifanayo wangena e-Kyiv Opera Theatre njengengxenye eyengeziwe ukuze akwazi ukulalela njalo ama-opera futhi abambe iqhaza elincane emikhiqizweni yabo. Wayekuthanda kakhulu ukucula kwe-baritone N. Zubarev, futhi, ngokulalelisisa, waqaphela futhi wahlanganisa izimiso zokukhiqiza izwi, indlela yokucula yomculi onekhono, eyayifana nendlela eyafundiswa uLund ongasekho.

Amahemuhemu mayelana ne-baritone enhle ye-lyrical-dramatic kanye namakhono amakhulu wentsha eyengeziwe ayesakazeka emibuthanweni yomculo neyeshashalazi, futhi afinyelela studio ye-opera e-Kyiv Conservatory. Ngo-September 1925, u-Andrei Alekseevich wamenywa ku-studio ukuze alungiselele futhi enze ingxenye ye-Onegin ekwenzeni iziqu ze-Eugene Onegin. Ukusebenza okuphumelelayo kulokhu kudlala, okubizwa ngokuthi i-thesis ye-Conservatory, kwanquma isiphetho sesikhathi esizayo somculi osemusha, evula kabanzi indlela yakhe eya esiteji se-opera.

Ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nezindlu ze-opera ezimile, kwakunamaqembu angomahambanendlwana ayehambela amadolobha ahlukahlukene. Lawa maqembu ayenziwe ikakhulukazi intsha enobuciko, futhi ngokuvamile abaculi abakhulu, abanokuhlangenwe nakho babedlala njengabadlali abavakashile kuwo. Umhleli welinye lala maqembu wamema u-Ivanov, owasheshe wathatha isikhundla esiphambili eqenjini. Kungase kubonakale kumangalisa ukuthi, lapho ufika eqenjini nengxenye eyodwa ye-Onegin, u-Andrei Alekseevich walungiselela futhi wahlabelela izingxenye ezingu-22 phakathi nonyaka womsebenzi. Kubandakanya abafana neNkosana Igor, iDemon, u-Amonasro, uRigoletto, uGermont, uValentin, u-Escamillo, uMarcel, uYeletsky noTomsky, uTonio noSilvio. Imininingwane yomsebenzi weqembu elihambayo - inani elikhulu lemidlalo, ukuhamba njalo ukusuka edolobheni ukuya edolobheni - akuzange kushiye isikhathi esiningi sokusebenza okujulile kokuzilolonga kanye nezifundo ezihlelekile nomphelezeli. Umdwebi wayengadingeki nje kuphela ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kokudala, kodwa futhi nekhono lokusebenza ngokuzimela, ukuhamba ngokukhululekile ku-clavier. Futhi uma umculi we-novice ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ekwazi ukuqongelela i-repertoire ebanzi kangaka ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, khona-ke ukukweleta lokhu ikakhulukazi kuye, ithalente lakhe elikhulu, langempela, ukubekezela nothando lobuciko. Eneqembu elijikelezayo, u-Ivanov wahamba kuso sonke isifunda saseVolga, eNyakatho Caucasus nakwezinye izindawo eziningi, eheha izilaleli yonke indawo ngokucula kwakhe okuzwakalayo, ubuhle nokuguquguquka kwezwi elincane, elinamandla, elinomsindo.

Ngo-1926, izindlu ezimbili ze-opera - i-Tbilisi ne-Baku - ngesikhathi esisodwa wamema umculi osemusha. Wakhetha i-Baku, lapho esebenze khona izinkathi ezimbili zonyaka, enza izingxenye ze-baritone ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kuyo yonke imidlalo yaseshashalazini. Izingxenye ezintsha zengezwa ku-repertoire eyasungulwa ngaphambilini: isivakashi saseVedenets (“Sadko”), Frederik (“Lakme”). Ngesikhathi esebenza e-Baku, u-Andrei Alekseevich waba nethuba lokuvakasha e-Astrakhan. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1927.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, esebenza e-Odessa (1928-1931), bese e-Sverdlovsk (1931-1934) yaseshashalazini, u-Andrei Alekseevich, ngaphezu kokubamba iqhaza ku-repertoire eyinhloko ye-classical, wajwayelana neminye imisebenzi yaseNtshonalanga engavamile eyenziwa - iTurandot kaPuccini. , uJohnny udlala iKshenek nabanye. Kusukela ngo-1934 u-Andrei Ivanov ubuyele e-Kyiv. Ngemva kokushiya i-Kyiv Opera House njengokwengeziwe othandweni lomculo, ubuyela esiteji sayo njengomculi onolwazi oluningi onomculo obanzi noguquguqukayo, onolwazi oluhle futhi ngokufanelekile uthatha enye yezindawo ezihamba phambili phakathi kwabaculi be-opera base-Ukraine. Ngenxa yokukhula okuqhubekayo kokudala kanye nomsebenzi othelayo, ngo-1944 waklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi People's Artist of the USSR. U-Andrey Alekseevich wasebenza e-Kiev Opera House kwaze kwaba ngu-1950. Lapha, amakhono akhe ekugcineni aphucuziwe, amakhono akhe ayalungiswa, izithombe zezwi nezesiteji azidala zembulwa ngokugcwele nangokujulile, efakazela isipho esingavamile sokuphindukuzalwa.

U-Hetman olambele amandla nokhohlisayo uMazepa ku-opera ka-PI Tchaikovsky kanye nensizwa enenhliziyo ehlanzekile, enesibindi ngokuzidela u-Ostap (“Taras Bulba” kaLysenko), egcwele uthando olungenakuphikiswa Ungcolile futhi ogcwele isicukuthwane u-Prince Igor, uMizgir ohehayo futhi omubi, kodwa odabukisayo ebubini bakhe uRigoletto, enqotshwe ukuphelelwa ithemba, iDemoni elingaphumuli kanye nothando olubi lokuphila, uFigaro ohlakaniphile. Ngamunye wamaqhawe akhe, u-Ivanov wathola umdwebo onembile ngokungavamile, ocabangelayo wendima emivimbo encane kakhulu, efinyelela iqiniso elikhulu ekwambuleni izici ezihlukahlukene zomphefumulo womuntu. Kodwa, ukuhlonipha amakhono esiteji somculi, isizathu esiyinhloko sempumelelo yakhe kufanele sifunwe ekuculeni okucacile, ngokucebile kwamaphimbo, i-timbre kanye ne-shades eguquguqukayo, epulasitiki kanye nokuphelela kwemisho, ngesichazamazwi esihle kakhulu. Leli khono lasiza u-Andrei Ivanov ukuba abe umculi wekamelo elivelele.

Kuze kube ngu-1941, akazange ahlanganyele emisebenzini yekhonsathi, njengoba wayematasa kakhulu esebenza endaweni yaseshashalazini ku-repertoire enkulu. Imisebenzi emisha yokudala yabhekana nomculi ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Enkulu. Esuswa ne-Kyiv Opera House eya e-Ufa, wabe eseya e-Irkutsk, u-Andrey Alekseevich ubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekulungiseni ubuciko bezibhedlela namayunithi ezempi. Kanye namaqabane akhe esiteji uM. Litvinenko-Wolgemut kanye no-I. Patorzhinskaya, uya phambili, bese enza amakhonsathi eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha. Ukubuyela e-Kyiv ekhululiwe ngo-1944, ngokushesha u-Ivanov wasuka lapho namakhonsathi waya eJalimane, elandela amayunithi athuthukile eSoviet Army.

Indlela yokudala ka-Andrei Ivanov iyindlela yomculi wokuqala, onesiphiwo esigqamile, lapho inkundla yaseshashalazini yayiyisikole ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma ekuqaleni waqongelela repertoire ngomsebenzi wakhe siqu, kamuva wasebenza nezibalo eziningi ezinkulu endaweni yaseshashalazini zomculo, ezifana umqondisi V. Lossky (Sverdlovsk), abaqhubi A. Pazovsky (Sverdlovsk futhi Kyiv) futhi ikakhulukazi V. Dranishnikov ( Kyiv) , wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono akhe okukhuluma nesiteji.

Le ndlela ngokwemvelo yaholela u-Andrei Alekseevich esiteji senhloko-dolobha. Wajoyina i-Bolshoi Theatre ngo-1950 njengenkosi evuthiwe, ekuqaleni kwamandla akhe okudala. Umculo wakhe wokucula, okuhlanganisa nokuqoshiwe komsakazo, wawunezingxenye ezifika kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Futhi nokho umculi akazange ayeke ekufuneni kwakhe ukudala. Edlala ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile ezifana no-Igor, iDemon, u-Valentin, uGermont, wathola imibala emisha kulowo nalowo kubo, wathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezwi nokulingisa. Isilinganiso sesiteji se-Bolshoi, umsindo we-orchestra yayo ye-opera, ukubambisana kokudala nabahlabeleli abahle kakhulu, umsebenzi waseshashalazini nasemsakazweni ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabaqhubi N. Golovanov, B. Khaikin, S. Samosud, M. Zhukov - bonke lokhu kwaba isisusa sokukhula okuqhubekayo kweciko, ukujulisa izithombe ezidaliwe. Ngakho-ke, isithombe seNkosana u-Igor sibaluleke nakakhulu, sikhulu nakakhulu, esicetshiswe ekukhiqizeni i-Bolshoi Theatre ngesigameko sokuphunyuka, u-Andrei Alekseevich ayengakaze abhekane naso ngaphambili.

Imisebenzi yekhonsathi yomculi nayo yanda. Ngaphezu kohambo oluningi ezungeze iSoviet Union, u-Andrei Ivanov wavakashela phesheya ngokuphindaphindiwe - e-Austria, eHungary, eCzechoslovakia, eJalimane, eNgilandi, lapho engenzi khona kuphela emadolobheni amakhulu, kodwa nasemadolobheni amancane.

I-discography eyinhloko ye-AA Ivanov:

1. Isigcawu esivela ku-opera "Tsarskaya nevesta", ingxenye ye-Gryaznogo, eyaqoshwa ngo-1946, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-GABTA p/u K. Kondrashina, umlingani - N. Obukhova no-V. Shevtsov. (Okwamanje, i-CD ikhishwe phesheya ochungechungeni oluthi "Abahlabeleli Abavelele BaseRussia" mayelana nobuciko be-NA Obukhova)
2. I-Opera “Rigoletto” J. Verdi, ingxenye kaRigoletto, eqopha i-1947, i-choir GABT, i-orchestra VR p/u SA E-Samosuda, umlingani wakhe ngu-I. Kozlovsky, I. Maslennikova, V. Borysenko, V. Gavryusov nabanye. (Okwamanje, i-CD erekhodiwe ye-opera isikhishwe phesheya)
3. I-Opera "Cherevichki" ka-PI Ivanov, M. Mikhailov, E. Antonova nabanye. (Okwamanje, i-CD erekhodiwe ye-opera isikhishwe phesheya)
4. I-Opera "Eugene Onegin" ka-PI Tchaikovsky, ingxenye ye-Onegin, eyaqoshwa ngo-1948, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-A. Orlov, abalingani - E. Kruglikova, M. Maksakova, I. Kozlovsky, M. Reizen. (Okwamanje, i-CD erekhodiwe ye-opera isikhishwe phesheya)
5. I-Opera "Prince Igor" ka-AP Borodin, ingxenye yeNkosana Igor, eyaqoshwa ngo-1949, ikhwaya ne-orchestra yeBolshoi Theatre, eqhutshwa ngu-A. Sh. UMelik-Pashaev, abalingani - E. Smolenskaya, V. Borisenko, A. Pirogov, S. Lemeshev, M. Reizen nabanye. (Okwamanje iCD ikhishwe phesheya)
6. I-Solo disc yomculi ngokuqoshwa kwe-arias evela kuma-opera ochungechungeni oluthi "Lebendige Vergangenheit - Andrej Ivanov". (Ikhishwe eJalimane ngeCD)