Язепс Витолс (Язепс Витолс) |

I-Jázeps Vitols

Yonke impumelelo yami isekujabuleni ukuthi umsebenzi ube yimpumelelo. J. Vytols

U-J. Vitols ungomunye wabasunguli besiko lomculo lase-Latvian - umqambi, uthisha, umqhubi, umhlaziyi kanye nomphakathi. Ukuthembela okujulile emsuka kazwelonke waseLatvia, amasiko omculo waseRussia nowaseJalimane anquma ukubukeka kwawo kobuciko.

Ithonya lamaJalimane lalibonakala ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala. Yonke imvelo yesifundazwe saseValmiera, lapho umqambi azalelwa khona emndenini wothisha we-gymnasium yaseJelgava, yayigcwele umoya wesiko lesiJalimane - ulimi, inkolo, ukunambitheka komculo. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi uVitols, njengabanye abameleli abaningi besizukulwane sokuqala sabaculi baseLatvia, bafunda ukudlala isitho njengengane (ngokufanayo, wafunda i-violin nepiyano). Lapho eneminyaka engu-15, umfana waqala ukuqamba. Futhi lapho ngo-1880 engamukelwa e-St. Petersburg Conservatory ekilasini le-viola (ngenxa yokungaphathwa kahle kwezandla), waphendukela ekuqambeni ngenjabulo. Izingoma eziboniswe ku-N. Rimsky-Korsakov zanquma isiphetho somculi osemusha. Iminyaka eyachithwa e-conservatory (uVitols wathweswa iziqu ngo-1886 ngendondo encane yegolide) ethintana nezingcweti ezivelele, nesiko lobuciko eliphakeme laseSt. Uba seduze no-A. Lyadov no-A. Glazunov, uhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emihlanganweni yendilinga yaseBelyaevsky eholwa nguRimsky-Korsakov, futhi ngemva kokushona kukaM. Belyaev uthola abangane endlini yakhe yokungenisa izihambi.

Kwakulesi simo, esagcwele umoya we "Kuchkism" nesithakazelo sayo kuzwelonke-eyingqayizivele, abantu, intando yeningi, lapho umculi osemusha, owabizwa ngenhlonipho ngokuthi u-Iosif Ivanovich Vitol, ezwa ubizo lwakhe njengomculi. Umculi waseLatvia. Futhi kamuva, washo kaningi ukuthi eRussia abaqambi bakubo “bathola ... abanye abantu.

Ngokushesha uVitols usondela ekoloni laseSt. Petersburg labantu bakubo, uqondisa amakwaya aseLatvia, athuthukise ingoma yesizwe.

Ngo-1888, umqambi wabamba iqhaza kwi-General Song Festival yesithathu e-Riga, ebonisa njalo imisebenzi yakhe "Amakhonsathi e-Autumn" yaminyaka yonke yomculo waseLatvia. Izinhlobo lapho uVitols asebenza khona zaziseduze nezilungiselelo zesikole saseKorsakov: ukuguqulwa kwezingoma zomdabu, ezothando (c. 100), amakhwaya, izingcezu zepiyano (ama-miniatures, i-Sonata, ukuhluka), ama-ensembles ekamelo, imisebenzi ye-symphonic (ama-overtures, ama-suites). , izinkondlo, njll.). . p.), futhi endimeni yomculo we-symphony nopiyano, uVitols waba iphayona eLatvia (ukuzalwa kwamaphuzu okuqala aseLatvia kuhlotshaniswa nenkondlo yakhe ye-symphonic ethi "League Holiday" - 1889). Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomqambi ngezingcezu zepiyano nezothando, kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s. UVitols uthola kancane kancane lezo zinhlobo ezihlangabezana kakhulu nezidingo zikazwelonke zemvelo yakhe yobuciko - umculo wamakhwaya namancanyana e-symphonic yohlelo, lapho ehlanganisa khona ngemibalabala nangenkondlo izithombe zendabuko yakhe.

Ukuphila kwakhe konke uVitols wayegxile engomeni yesintu (amalungiselelo angaphezu kuka-300), izici azisebenzisa kabanzi emsebenzini wakhe. 1890 kanye 1900s - isikhathi sokudalwa kwemisebenzi engcono kakhulu yomqambi - ama-choral ballads endikimbeni kazwelonke yokushisekela izwe - "Beverinsky Singer" (1900), "Lock of Light", "The Queen, the Fiery Club"; i-symphonic suite Izingoma Eziyisikhombisa Zase-Latvian Folk; ukudlula "Dramatic" kanye "Spriditis"; Ukwehluka kwepiyano endikimbeni yomdabu yase-Latvian, njll. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitayela ngasinye sikaVitols sigcina simile, sidonsela ekucaceni nasekubhekeni izinto, ubukhazikhazi bokulandisa, izingoma ezicashile ezicashile zolimi lomculo.

Ngo-1918, lapho kumiswa iRiphabhuliki yaseLatvia, uVitols wabuyela ezweni lakubo, lapho azinikela khona emisebenzini yokufundisa nokudala ngamandla avuselelwe, waqhubeka nokuqamba, futhi wahlanganyela ekuhleleni Imikhosi Yezingoma. Ekuqaleni, waqondisa i-Riga Opera House, futhi ngo-1919 wasungula i-Latvian Conservatory, lapho, ngekhefu elifushane kwaze kwaba ngu-1944, wabamba isikhundla somphathi. Manje i-conservatory ibizwa ngegama lakhe.

UVitols waqala ukufunda i-pedagogy eSt. Petersburg, esechithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 eRussia (1886-1918). Akukhona nje kuphela izibalo ezivelele zomculo waseRussia (N. Myaskovsky, S. Prokofiev, V. Shcherbachev, V. Belyaev, njll.) badlula emakilasini akhe e-theory kanye nokuqamba, kodwa futhi nabantu abaningi abavela emazweni aseBaltic ababeka isisekelo sezwe labo. ukuhlanganisa izikole (i-Estonian K Turnpu, Lithuanians S. Shimkus, J. Tallat-Kyalpsha nabanye). E-Riga, uVitols waqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izimiso zokufundisa zikaRimsky-Korsakov - ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, uthando lobuciko bomdabu. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe, labo kamuva abazoziqhenya ngomculo waseLatvia kukhona abaqambi uM. Zarins, A. Žilinskis, A. Skultė, J. Ivanov, umbhidisi uL. Vigners, isazi somculo uJ. Vītoliņš nabanye. Petersburg iphephandaba lesiJalimane iSt. Petersburger Zeitung (1897-1914).

Ukuphila komqambi kwaphela ekudingisweni, eLübeck, lapho ahamba khona ngo-1944, kodwa imicabango yakhe kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwahlala ezweni lakubo, okwagcina phakade inkumbulo yomculi wayo ovelele.

G. Zhdanova